midterm examPOXVIRIDAE AND HERPES Flashcards
1
Q
Largest and most complex of viruses that infect vertebrates, and is large enough to be seen under the light microscope
A
poxviridae
2
Q
size of a poxviridae
A
200-450 nm
3
Q
shape of a poxviridae
A
ovoid to brick with complex morphology
4
Q
in poxviridae, Inside is a core structure shaped like a ____, and two
accompanying lateral bodies, so named after their location
in the virion
A
dumb bell
5
Q
Family poxviridae contains two subfamilies
A
Chordopoxvirinae
Entomopoxvirinae
6
Q
2 genus of Chordopoxvirinae
A
Orthopoxvirus
Molluscipoxvirus
7
Q
Entomopoxvirinae is a poxviruses of ___
A
insects
8
Q
Orthopoxvirus is a virus of
A
Variola, Cowpox, Vaccinia and Monkeypox
9
Q
Replication of __ is unique among the DNA-containing
viruses, in that the entire multiplication cycle takes place within the
host cell cytoplasm
A
poxviruses
10
Q
Cytopathology of poxviridae
A
produce eosinophilic inclusion bodies called
Guarnieri bodies and membrane hemagglutinins in infected cells
11
Q
what is the inclusion bodies of poxviridae
A
guarnieri bodies
12
Q
Causative agent of Smallpox
A
variola virus
13
Q
2 subtypes of variola
A
variola major and minor
14
Q
this type of variola caused the most severe disease (case fatality rate of
30%), occurred mainly in Asia
A
variola major
15
Q
this type of variola is less severe disease (case fatality rate of 0.1%-2%)
A
variola minor
16
Q
variola virus is Completely eradicated in
A
1980
17
Q
All known stocks of variola are held at two WHO laboratories
A
- CDC (Atlanta, Georgia)
- State Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Koltsovo, Russia)
18
Q
MOT of Variola Virus
A
Respiratory droplets, direct skin-to-skin contact, fomites
19
Q
incubation period of variola virus
A
7-14 days
20
Q
Clinical Manifestation of variola
A
fever, malaise, rash
starts from face then downward to trunk
and extremities
21
Q
Recovery time of variola
A
2-3 weeks
22
Q
Complications that variola may cause
A
pneumonia, encephalitis,
death
23
Q
PREVENTION of variola
A
Vaccination-live attenuated virus vaccine made from Vaccinia Virus
24
Q
indistinguishable from smallpox infection except that it lacks the same level of mortality and transmissibility
A
monkeypox
25
* Main reservoir of monkey pox
rodents
26
monkey fox are found in
found in the tropical rain forests of Africa
27
Clade I: Monkey pox virus
congo basin-high mortality rate
28
Clade II:I Monkey pox virus
west africa
29
Clade III: Monkey pox virus
2022 european/north american outbreak
30
MOT of monley pox
Close contact with infected animals/individuals, fomites,
transplacental
31
* Symptoms: skin rash or mucosal lesions which can lasts 2-4 weeks,
fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
monkey pox
32
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS of monkey pox
* Clinical diagnosis can be difficult because other infections and
conditions can look similar
* Diagnostic specimen: Skin, fluid, crusts, throat swab/anal swab if skin
lesions are absent
* Detection of E9L gene and B5R gene through molecular techniques
33
explain the course of lesions caused by monkey pox
rashes typically first appears on the face. Beginning as macules, progressing to papules, to vesicles and then pustules
34
illness caused by monkey pox last for how many weeks
2-4 weeks
35
lesion progression of monkey pox
small, round changes in skin color
macules
36
lesion progression of monkey pox
slighltly elevated with no fluid
papules
37
lesion progression of monkey pox
containing a bubble of fluid
vesciles
38
lesion progression of monkey pox
containing purulent material consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells
pustules
39
lesions are seen on the udder and teats of cows and may be
transmitted to humans during milking.
Cowpox Virus
40
* Lesions in humans caused by cowpox virus usually appear on the
hands or fingers
41
Natural reservoir of cowpox seems to be a
rodent
42
__ used cowpox virus to develop the smallpox vaccine in
1796
Edward Jenner
43
Vaccinia Virus is the agent used for __ vaxx
smallpox
44
Lesions are small, pink, wart-like tumors
on the face, arms, back, and buttocks are
more frequent in children than in adults
causes single or small clusters of lesions
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
45
Incubation period of molloscum contagiosum
1 week to 6 months
46
mot of Molluscum Contagiosum V
direct contact with an infected
person, sharing contaminated items
47
spread to other parts of their body by
touching or scratching a lesion and then
touching their body somewhere else called
autoinoculation
48
autoinoculation is seen in what virus we studied
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
49
DIAGNOSIS of molluscum contangiosum
* Diagnosis can be done by clinical
appearance of the lesions
* Electron microscopy to visualize virus
particles in skin tissue samples
* PCR of genetic material
* Presence of Henderson-Petterson bodies
on keratinocytes
50
Transmitted from sheep to humans through human direct contact with infected sheep
ORF VIRUS
51
causes single or multiple nodules, usually on the hands
ORF virus
52
Nodules may be painful and accompanied by low-grade fever and node swelling
ORF VIRUS
53
ORF virus infections resolved ___ weeks without further complication except inoculation in the eye
4-6 weeks
54
diagnosis of orf virus
Direct examination of nodules, along with epidemiologic evidence of a recent history of contact with sheep or lambs
55
describe the characteristic of a herpesviridae
Enveloped icosahedral capsid, linear double
stranded DNA
56
size of a herpesviridae
120-300 nm
57
herpes means
to creep q
58
herpes' virion consists of
4 components
nucleic acid core
capsid
tegument
envelope
59
3 known subfamilies of a herpesviridae
Alphaherpesvirinae
betaherpersvirinae
gammaherpesvirinae
60
Alphaherpesvirinae types
HSV type 1 and 2, VZV
61
Betaherpesvirinae types
CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7
62
Gammaherpesvirinae types
EBV, HHV-8
63
Hallmark characteristic of a herpesviridae
latency
64
herpesviridae's reactivation is caused by various stimuli such as
fever, stress, UV exposure, axonal injury, immunosuppression
65
herpesviridae will form what inclusion bodies
cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies
66
what the first human herpesvirus to be recognized
herpes simplex virus
67
what are the human herpes virus
herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2
varicella zoster virus
epstein barr virus
cytomegalovirus
human herpes viruses 6 and 7
HHV -8 (associated with kaposi sarcoma)
68
viruses under the alphaherpesvirinae
human herpes virus 1,2,3
69
viruses under the gammaherpesvirinae
human herpesvirus 4 and 8
70
viruses under the betaherpesvirinae
human herpes virus 5. 6, 7
71
this genus of herpesviridae that is the site of latency is neurons
human herpes virus 1 2 3
72
type of human herpesvirus that is the site of latency is the b cell
human herpesvirus 4
73
type of human herpesvirus that is the site of latency is the monocyte, lymphocyte
HHV 5
74
herpes simplex virus is an infection of either
skin and genitalia
75
type of HSV that is usually isolated from lesions in and around the mount and is transmitted by DIRECT CONTACT OR DROPLET SPREAD from cases or carriers
HSV type 1
76
type of HSV where the infection is above the waist
HSV type 1
77
type of HSV that is transmitted sexually or from a maternal genital infection to a new born
herpes simplex virus type 2
78
type of HSV wherein the infection is below the waist
HSV type 2
79
herpes simplex virus
Initially infect and replicate in __ and then establish
latent infection of the innervating neurons.
mucoepithelial cells
80
Skin and mucous membranes are the portals of entry in which the
virus also multiplies, causing lysis of cells and formation of vesicles.
herpes simplex virus
81
herpes simplex virus
After replication is under way in the skin or a mucous membrane,
virions travel to the __ via the sensory nerves supplying the
area
root ganglia
82
Cutaneous Infections of a HSV
most common site is the
face—on the cheeks,
chin, around the mouth or on the forehead;
83
Napkin rash
cutaneous infection of HSV
84
* Some sensitive persons, very minor stimuli,
like common cold, exposure to sun or even
mental strain or menses may bring on such
reactivation of
fever blister’ or herpes febrilis
85
an infection of the finger caused by the HSV
herpetic whitlow
86
an infection of the body cause by the hsv
herpes gladiatorum
87
Eczema herpeticum is an infection of
HSV (cutaneous )
88
Acute gingivostomatitis, herpetic
stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and localized
lymphadenopathy may occur.
oral infection of HSV
89
Ophthalmic infection of HSV
Severe keratoconjunctivitis, follicular
conjunctivitis with vesicle formation on the lids,
dendritic keratitis or corneal ulcers or as vesicles
on the eyelids, corneal scarring and impairment
of vision.
90
Are known to increase
the risk of transmission of infection of herpes simplex virus with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
genital herpetic ulcers
91
in make patients with hsv, The lesions typically develop
on the __ and
occasionally in the urethra
glans or shaft of the penis
92
In female patients with hsv, lesions may be seen on
the
vulva, vagina, cervix, perianal area, or inner
thigh
93
* : In patients of
both sexes, hsv may be seen in
Inguinal lymphadenopathy
94
this hsv is seen in homosexual patients
Herpetic proctitis:
95
diagnosis if HSV
rapid result but cannot distinguish
between HSV and VZV
electron microscopy of vesicle fluids
96
a direct detection of hsv that can distinguish between HSV and VZV
immunofluorescence of skin scrapings
97
a direct detection that is now used routinely for the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis and other herpes simplex infections
PCR
98
type of HSV that is easy to cultivate
hsv 1 and 2
99
why do serology is not a useful way of detecting HSV in acute phase
it takes 1-2 weeks before the antibodies appear after infection
100
this the drug of choice for most situations at present for HSV
acyclovir
101
oral only, more expensive than acyclovir
Famciclovir and valacyclovir
102
Other older agents for HSV
__________
* These agents are highly toxic and is suitable for topical use for ophthalmic
infection only
– e.g. idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine, Vidarabine (ara-A).
103
causing Chicken Pox (Bulutong)-1° infection
varicella
104
2° infection of bulutong is called as
shingles caused by zoster
105
* Classic disease of childhood with the highest prevalence occurring in
the 4-10 years old age group
Varicella-Zoster (Virus)
106
varicella zoster virus is Highly communicable-attack rate of __% in close contacts
90
107
MOT of varicella zoster virus
Respiratory droplet, Direct contact with lesion
108
varicella-zoster virus gains entry via the respiratory tract and spreads to the lymphoid system
varicella-zoster virus
109
incubation period of varicella-zoster virus
14 dyas
110
VZV -
* Following the primary infection, the virus remains latent in the
___
sensory ganglia
111
Presents fever, lymphadenopathy. a widespread vesicular rash.
varicella
112
varicella
severe complications which may be life threatening include
viral pneumonia, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic chickenpox
113
The features are so characteristic that a diagnosis can usually be made on
clinical grounds alone.
varicella
114
varicella
Most common complication is secondary bacterial infection of the
vesicles
115
* __mainly affect a single area of the skin
Herpes Zoster
116
herpes zoster or shingles
* It may occur at any age but the vast majority of patients are more than ___ y/o
50 years of age
117
* Complications include for herpes zoster
opthalmic zoster
generalized zoster
ramsay hunt syndrome
118
TREATMENT for VZV
* Self-limiting
* Acyclovir
* For Herpes zoster: Famciclovir and Valacyclovir
119
PREVENTION for VZV
* Chicken pox
Live attenuated vaccine (2 doses)-Varivax®, ProQuad®
120
PREVENTION for VZV
zoster
: Zostavax, Shingrix (for adults > 50 y.o)
121
Prophylaxis for VZV
Passive immunization of Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin
(VZIg)
122
* Human herpesvirus 4 is also called as
epstein barr virus
123
M,OT of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
saliva and sexual contact,
124
kissing disease is caused byb
epstein barr virus
125
epstein barr virus is common in
Common in younger children and sexually active adolescents
126
* Site of latency of epstein barr virus
memory B cells
127
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION of epstein barr virus
infectious mononucleosis
burkitt's lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoma in the immunosuppressed
x linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
chronic infectious mononucleosis
oral leukoplakia in AIDS patients
chronic interstitial pneumonitis in aids patients
128
symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
Fatigue, fever,
sore throat, swollen lymph
nodes and splenomegaly
129
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION for epstein barr virus
no antiviral drug
self limiting for 2-3 weeks
no vaxx
avoid sharing personal items like utensils, drinking glassesa etc
130
Has the largest genome of the human herpesvirus
cytomegalovirus
131
cytomegalovirus Replicates only in human cells such as
Fibroblasts, epithelial cells, granulocytes, macrophages and others
132
cytomegalovirus is Acquired from
blood, tissue and body secretions
133
MOT of cytomegalovirus in early stage
during pregnancy
during birth
after birth
134
MOT of cytomegalovirus in childhood
saliva (kissing)
135
MOT of cytomegalovirus in adult
sexual transmission
blood transfusion
organ transplantation
136
incubation period of CMV
3-6 weeks
137
Cytomegalovirus
* Due to the severity of the infection to the unborn, it is included for
pre-natal screening which is the test called
TORCH TEST
138
TORCH test stands for
T: Toxoplasmosis
O: Other infections (including syphilis and hepatitis B)
R: Rubella
C: Cytomegalovirus
H: Herpes simplex virus
139
TREATMENT AND PREVEVENTION for CMV for retinitis and pneumonia
ganciclovir
140
TREATMENT AND PREVEVENTION for CMV
* Ganciclovir-retinitis and pneumonia
* Valganciclovir
* Foscarnet
* Cidofovir
141
type of HHV that are ubiquitous and are
found worldwide.
HHV-6 and HHV-7
142
HHV 6 and 7
They are transmitted mainly through contact
with
saliva and through breast feeding
143
HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection are acquired
rapidly after the age of ____ months when the
effect of maternal antibody wears off.
4
144
Like other herpesviruses, HHV-6 and HHV-7
remains latent in the body after primary
infection and reactivates from time to time
true or false
true
145
HHV 6 : ____-fever and rash in
babies
Roseola Infantum
146
* Originally isolated from cells of Kaposi’s
sarcoma (KS)
hhv 8
147
HHV-8 DNA is found in almost __% of
cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma
100
148
MOT of HHV 8
sharing utensils, kissing or close
contact with infected individual, blood
transfusion, organ transplantation, needle
sharing, sexual transmission
149
Castleman’s
disease and primary effusion lymphomas
HHV 8
150
