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midterm examPOXVIRIDAE AND HERPES Flashcards

1
Q

Largest and most complex of viruses that infect vertebrates, and is large enough to be seen under the light microscope

A

poxviridae

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2
Q

size of a poxviridae

A

200-450 nm

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3
Q

shape of a poxviridae

A

ovoid to brick with complex morphology

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4
Q

in poxviridae, Inside is a core structure shaped like a ____, and two
accompanying lateral bodies, so named after their location
in the virion

A

dumb bell

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5
Q

Family poxviridae contains two subfamilies

A

Chordopoxvirinae
Entomopoxvirinae

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6
Q

2 genus of Chordopoxvirinae

A

Orthopoxvirus
Molluscipoxvirus

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7
Q

Entomopoxvirinae is a poxviruses of ___

A

insects

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8
Q

Orthopoxvirus is a virus of

A

Variola, Cowpox, Vaccinia and Monkeypox

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9
Q

Replication of __ is unique among the DNA-containing
viruses, in that the entire multiplication cycle takes place within the
host cell cytoplasm

A

poxviruses

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10
Q

Cytopathology of poxviridae

A

produce eosinophilic inclusion bodies called
Guarnieri bodies and membrane hemagglutinins in infected cells

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11
Q

what is the inclusion bodies of poxviridae

A

guarnieri bodies

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12
Q

Causative agent of Smallpox

A

variola virus

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13
Q

2 subtypes of variola

A

variola major and minor

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14
Q

this type of variola caused the most severe disease (case fatality rate of
30%), occurred mainly in Asia

A

variola major

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15
Q

this type of variola is less severe disease (case fatality rate of 0.1%-2%)

A

variola minor

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16
Q

variola virus is Completely eradicated in

A

1980

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17
Q

All known stocks of variola are held at two WHO laboratories

A
  • CDC (Atlanta, Georgia)
  • State Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Koltsovo, Russia)
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18
Q

MOT of Variola Virus

A

Respiratory droplets, direct skin-to-skin contact, fomites

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19
Q

incubation period of variola virus

A

7-14 days

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestation of variola

A

fever, malaise, rash
starts from face then downward to trunk
and extremities

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21
Q

Recovery time of variola

A

2-3 weeks

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22
Q

Complications that variola may cause

A

pneumonia, encephalitis,
death

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23
Q

PREVENTION of variola

A

Vaccination-live attenuated virus vaccine made from Vaccinia Virus

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24
Q

indistinguishable from smallpox infection except that it lacks the same level of mortality and transmissibility

A

monkeypox

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25
Q
  • Main reservoir of monkey pox
A

rodents

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26
Q

monkey fox are found in

A

found in the tropical rain forests of Africa

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27
Q

Clade I: Monkey pox virus

A

congo basin-high mortality rate

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28
Q

Clade II:I Monkey pox virus

A

west africa

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29
Q

Clade III: Monkey pox virus

A

2022 european/north american outbreak

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30
Q

MOT of monley pox

A

Close contact with infected animals/individuals, fomites,
transplacental

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31
Q
  • Symptoms: skin rash or mucosal lesions which can lasts 2-4 weeks,
    fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
A

monkey pox

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32
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS of monkey pox

A
  • Clinical diagnosis can be difficult because other infections and
    conditions can look similar
  • Diagnostic specimen: Skin, fluid, crusts, throat swab/anal swab if skin
    lesions are absent
  • Detection of E9L gene and B5R gene through molecular techniques
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33
Q

explain the course of lesions caused by monkey pox

A

rashes typically first appears on the face. Beginning as macules, progressing to papules, to vesicles and then pustules

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34
Q

illness caused by monkey pox last for how many weeks

A

2-4 weeks

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35
Q

lesion progression of monkey pox

small, round changes in skin color

A

macules

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36
Q

lesion progression of monkey pox

slighltly elevated with no fluid

A

papules

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37
Q

lesion progression of monkey pox

containing a bubble of fluid

A

vesciles

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38
Q

lesion progression of monkey pox

containing purulent material consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells

A

pustules

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39
Q

lesions are seen on the udder and teats of cows and may be
transmitted to humans during milking.

A

Cowpox Virus

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40
Q
  • Lesions in humans caused by cowpox virus usually appear on the
A

hands or fingers

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41
Q

Natural reservoir of cowpox seems to be a

A

rodent

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42
Q

__ used cowpox virus to develop the smallpox vaccine in
1796

A

Edward Jenner

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43
Q

Vaccinia Virus is the agent used for __ vaxx

A

smallpox

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44
Q

Lesions are small, pink, wart-like tumors
on the face, arms, back, and buttocks are
more frequent in children than in adults

causes single or small clusters of lesions

A

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

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45
Q

Incubation period of molloscum contagiosum

A

1 week to 6 months

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46
Q

mot of Molluscum Contagiosum V

A

direct contact with an infected
person, sharing contaminated items

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47
Q

spread to other parts of their body by
touching or scratching a lesion and then
touching their body somewhere else called

A

autoinoculation

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48
Q

autoinoculation is seen in what virus we studied

A

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

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49
Q

DIAGNOSIS of molluscum contangiosum

A
  • Diagnosis can be done by clinical
    appearance of the lesions
  • Electron microscopy to visualize virus
    particles in skin tissue samples
  • PCR of genetic material
  • Presence of Henderson-Petterson bodies
    on keratinocytes
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50
Q

Transmitted from sheep to humans through human direct contact with infected sheep

A

ORF VIRUS

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51
Q

causes single or multiple nodules, usually on the hands

A

ORF virus

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52
Q

Nodules may be painful and accompanied by low-grade fever and node swelling

A

ORF VIRUS

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53
Q

ORF virus infections resolved ___ weeks without further complication except inoculation in the eye

A

4-6 weeks

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54
Q

diagnosis of orf virus

A

Direct examination of nodules, along with epidemiologic evidence of a recent history of contact with sheep or lambs

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55
Q

describe the characteristic of a herpesviridae

A

Enveloped icosahedral capsid, linear double
stranded DNA

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56
Q

size of a herpesviridae

A

120-300 nm

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57
Q

herpes means

A

to creep q

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58
Q

herpes’ virion consists of

A

4 components

nucleic acid core
capsid
tegument
envelope

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59
Q

3 known subfamilies of a herpesviridae

A

Alphaherpesvirinae
betaherpersvirinae
gammaherpesvirinae

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60
Q

Alphaherpesvirinae types

A

HSV type 1 and 2, VZV

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61
Q

Betaherpesvirinae types

A

CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7

62
Q

Gammaherpesvirinae types

A

EBV, HHV-8

63
Q

Hallmark characteristic of a herpesviridae

64
Q

herpesviridae’s reactivation is caused by various stimuli such as

A

fever, stress, UV exposure, axonal injury, immunosuppression

65
Q

herpesviridae will form what inclusion bodies

A

cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies

66
Q

what the first human herpesvirus to be recognized

A

herpes simplex virus

67
Q

what are the human herpes virus

A

herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2
varicella zoster virus
epstein barr virus
cytomegalovirus
human herpes viruses 6 and 7
HHV -8 (associated with kaposi sarcoma)

68
Q

viruses under the alphaherpesvirinae

A

human herpes virus 1,2,3

69
Q

viruses under the gammaherpesvirinae

A

human herpesvirus 4 and 8

70
Q

viruses under the betaherpesvirinae

A

human herpes virus 5. 6, 7

71
Q

this genus of herpesviridae that is the site of latency is neurons

A

human herpes virus 1 2 3

72
Q

type of human herpesvirus that is the site of latency is the b cell

A

human herpesvirus 4

73
Q

type of human herpesvirus that is the site of latency is the monocyte, lymphocyte

74
Q

herpes simplex virus is an infection of either

A

skin and genitalia

75
Q

type of HSV that is usually isolated from lesions in and around the mount and is transmitted by DIRECT CONTACT OR DROPLET SPREAD from cases or carriers

A

HSV type 1

76
Q

type of HSV where the infection is above the waist

A

HSV type 1

77
Q

type of HSV that is transmitted sexually or from a maternal genital infection to a new born

A

herpes simplex virus type 2

78
Q

type of HSV wherein the infection is below the waist

A

HSV type 2

79
Q

herpes simplex virus

Initially infect and replicate in __ and then establish
latent infection of the innervating neurons.

A

mucoepithelial cells

80
Q

Skin and mucous membranes are the portals of entry in which the
virus also multiplies, causing lysis of cells and formation of vesicles.

A

herpes simplex virus

81
Q

herpes simplex virus

After replication is under way in the skin or a mucous membrane,
virions travel to the __ via the sensory nerves supplying the
area

A

root ganglia

82
Q

Cutaneous Infections of a HSV

most common site is the

A

face—on the cheeks,
chin, around the mouth or on the forehead;

83
Q

Napkin rash

A

cutaneous infection of HSV

84
Q
  • Some sensitive persons, very minor stimuli,
    like common cold, exposure to sun or even
    mental strain or menses may bring on such
    reactivation of
A

fever blister’ or herpes febrilis

85
Q

an infection of the finger caused by the HSV

A

herpetic whitlow

86
Q

an infection of the body cause by the hsv

A

herpes gladiatorum

87
Q

Eczema herpeticum is an infection of

A

HSV (cutaneous )

88
Q

Acute gingivostomatitis, herpetic
stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and localized
lymphadenopathy may occur.

A

oral infection of HSV

89
Q

Ophthalmic infection of HSV

A

Severe keratoconjunctivitis, follicular
conjunctivitis with vesicle formation on the lids,
dendritic keratitis or corneal ulcers or as vesicles
on the eyelids, corneal scarring and impairment
of vision.

90
Q

Are known to increase
the risk of transmission of infection of herpes simplex virus with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A

genital herpetic ulcers

91
Q

in make patients with hsv, The lesions typically develop
on the __ and
occasionally in the urethra

A

glans or shaft of the penis

92
Q

In female patients with hsv, lesions may be seen on
the

A

vulva, vagina, cervix, perianal area, or inner
thigh

93
Q
  • : In patients of
    both sexes, hsv may be seen in
A

Inguinal lymphadenopathy

94
Q

this hsv is seen in homosexual patients

A

Herpetic proctitis:

95
Q

diagnosis if HSV

rapid result but cannot distinguish
between HSV and VZV

A

electron microscopy of vesicle fluids

96
Q

a direct detection of hsv that can distinguish between HSV and VZV

A

immunofluorescence of skin scrapings

97
Q

a direct detection that is now used routinely for the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis and other herpes simplex infections

98
Q

type of HSV that is easy to cultivate

A

hsv 1 and 2

99
Q

why do serology is not a useful way of detecting HSV in acute phase

A

it takes 1-2 weeks before the antibodies appear after infection

100
Q

this the drug of choice for most situations at present for HSV

101
Q

oral only, more expensive than acyclovir

A

Famciclovir and valacyclovir

102
Q

Other older agents for HSV

__________
* These agents are highly toxic and is suitable for topical use for ophthalmic
infection only

A

– e.g. idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine, Vidarabine (ara-A).

103
Q

causing Chicken Pox (Bulutong)-1° infection

104
Q

2° infection of bulutong is called as

A

shingles caused by zoster

105
Q
  • Classic disease of childhood with the highest prevalence occurring in
    the 4-10 years old age group
A

Varicella-Zoster (Virus)

106
Q

varicella zoster virus is Highly communicable-attack rate of __% in close contacts

107
Q

MOT of varicella zoster virus

A

Respiratory droplet, Direct contact with lesion

108
Q

varicella-zoster virus gains entry via the respiratory tract and spreads to the lymphoid system

A

varicella-zoster virus

109
Q

incubation period of varicella-zoster virus

110
Q

VZV -
* Following the primary infection, the virus remains latent in the
___

A

sensory ganglia

111
Q

Presents fever, lymphadenopathy. a widespread vesicular rash.

112
Q

varicella

severe complications which may be life threatening include

A

viral pneumonia, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic chickenpox

113
Q

The features are so characteristic that a diagnosis can usually be made on
clinical grounds alone.

114
Q

varicella

Most common complication is secondary bacterial infection of the

115
Q
  • __mainly affect a single area of the skin
A

Herpes Zoster

116
Q

herpes zoster or shingles

  • It may occur at any age but the vast majority of patients are more than ___ y/o
A

50 years of age

117
Q
  • Complications include for herpes zoster
A

opthalmic zoster
generalized zoster
ramsay hunt syndrome

118
Q

TREATMENT for VZV

A
  • Self-limiting
  • Acyclovir
  • For Herpes zoster: Famciclovir and Valacyclovir
119
Q

PREVENTION for VZV

  • Chicken pox
A

Live attenuated vaccine (2 doses)-Varivax®, ProQuad®

120
Q

PREVENTION for VZV

zoster

A

: Zostavax, Shingrix (for adults > 50 y.o)

121
Q

Prophylaxis for VZV

A

Passive immunization of Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin
(VZIg)

122
Q
  • Human herpesvirus 4 is also called as
A

epstein barr virus

123
Q

M,OT of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

A

saliva and sexual contact,

124
Q

kissing disease is caused byb

A

epstein barr virus

125
Q

epstein barr virus is common in

A

Common in younger children and sexually active adolescents

126
Q
  • Site of latency of epstein barr virus
A

memory B cells

127
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION of epstein barr virus

A

infectious mononucleosis
burkitt’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoma in the immunosuppressed
x linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
chronic infectious mononucleosis
oral leukoplakia in AIDS patients
chronic interstitial pneumonitis in aids patients

128
Q

symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

A

Fatigue, fever,
sore throat, swollen lymph
nodes and splenomegaly

129
Q

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION for epstein barr virus

A

no antiviral drug
self limiting for 2-3 weeks
no vaxx
avoid sharing personal items like utensils, drinking glassesa etc

130
Q

Has the largest genome of the human herpesvirus

A

cytomegalovirus

131
Q

cytomegalovirus Replicates only in human cells such as

A

Fibroblasts, epithelial cells, granulocytes, macrophages and others

132
Q

cytomegalovirus is Acquired from

A

blood, tissue and body secretions

133
Q

MOT of cytomegalovirus in early stage

A

during pregnancy
during birth
after birth

134
Q

MOT of cytomegalovirus in childhood

A

saliva (kissing)

135
Q

MOT of cytomegalovirus in adult

A

sexual transmission
blood transfusion
organ transplantation

136
Q

incubation period of CMV

137
Q

Cytomegalovirus
* Due to the severity of the infection to the unborn, it is included for
pre-natal screening which is the test called

A

TORCH TEST

138
Q

TORCH test stands for

A

T: Toxoplasmosis
O: Other infections (including syphilis and hepatitis B)
R: Rubella
C: Cytomegalovirus
H: Herpes simplex virus

139
Q

TREATMENT AND PREVEVENTION for CMV for retinitis and pneumonia

A

ganciclovir

140
Q

TREATMENT AND PREVEVENTION for CMV

A
  • Ganciclovir-retinitis and pneumonia
  • Valganciclovir
  • Foscarnet
  • Cidofovir
141
Q

type of HHV that are ubiquitous and are
found worldwide.

A

HHV-6 and HHV-7

142
Q

HHV 6 and 7

They are transmitted mainly through contact
with

A

saliva and through breast feeding

143
Q

HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection are acquired
rapidly after the age of ____ months when the
effect of maternal antibody wears off.

144
Q

Like other herpesviruses, HHV-6 and HHV-7
remains latent in the body after primary
infection and reactivates from time to time

true or false

145
Q

HHV 6 : ____-fever and rash in
babies

A

Roseola Infantum

146
Q
  • Originally isolated from cells of Kaposi’s
    sarcoma (KS)
147
Q

HHV-8 DNA is found in almost __% of
cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma

148
Q

MOT of HHV 8

A

sharing utensils, kissing or close
contact with infected individual, blood
transfusion, organ transplantation, needle
sharing, sexual transmission

149
Q

Castleman’s
disease and primary effusion lymphomas

MYCV (16 decks)

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