MYCO -THE YEASTS Flashcards
are responsible for the most commonly
encountered opportunistic fungal infections
Candida spp.
Currently_____ spp. are the fourth most common cause of hospitalacquired
bloodstream infections (BSIs) in the United States, and a mortality rate as high as 50% has been seen with these
infections.
Candida
was the most common yeast isolated from
infections, accounting for at least 60% to 70% of yeast infections.
C. albicans
Blastoschizomyces spp. is an emerging pathogen that is often isolated from patients with debilitating disease such as
leukemia,
renal transplants,
ambulatory dialysis,
osteomyelitis.
__ candidiasis (in which skin folds are involved)
intertriginous
an infection of the
mucous membranes in the mouth, is considered a localized infection.
Thrush,
Creamy patches
or colonies appear on the tongue and mucous membranes.
THRUSH
Candida organisms may be recovered from the
oropharynx,
gastrointestinal
(GI) tract,
genitourinary tract,
and skin
infection with C. glabrata is higher in __ than in ____ ages
higher in older adults than young adults and children
Recent studies have demonstrated the ability
of C. glabrata to become resistant to common antifungal
drugs such as __ and ?__
fluconazole and echinocandins
candida
C. ______ has been
shown to be prevalent in patients with hematologic malignancies,
especially those who are neutropenic
tropicalis
______ models of
infection and human studies have shown C. tropicalis in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract surrounded by necrotic
tissue, which may indicate that the organism can invade the GI tract efficiently, particularly in oncology patients.
Mouse
a virulence factor
found in Candida organisms.
secretion of aspartyl proteases and tropiase (acid proteinase
Because C. krusei is inherently
resistant to the _____ class of antifungal drugs, identification of this species is essential to proper clinical management of
the patient
azole
C. ____ is the primary cause of fungemia
in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
parapsilosis
________ is also the second most commonly isolated Candida spp. in positive
blood cultures;
this could be partly because of its known
selective growth in hyperalimentation solutions and also to its ability to grow on intravascular catheters
C. parapsilosis
eventually makes its way to the central
nervous system, where the yeast can cause cryptococcal meningitis.
C. neoformans
C. _______ can exhibit a very characteristic polysaccharide capsule. The capsule collapses and protects the yeast from desiccation under dry conditions
neoformans
The capsule of C. neoformans is believed to help the organism survive passage through the _____ before it is excreted.
pigeon gut
an enzyme found in C. neoformans, is responsible
for melanin production
Phenoloxidase,
was believed to be a variant of C. neoformans until
genetic studies proved it to be a distinct species
C. gattii
C. neoformans, which causes disease in primarily immunodeficient
hosts. Some speculate that C. __________ is able to modulate the host’s immune system by reducing the inflammatory
response or evading the immune system completely.
gattii
causes tinea versicolor, a skin infection characterized
by superficial, brownish, scaly areas on light-skinned
individuals and lighter areas on dark-skinned people.
Malassezia furfur
The lesions occur on the smooth surfaces of the body, namely, the trunk, arms, shoulders, and face.
Malassezia furfur
