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MYCV > VIROLOGY - ARENAVIRIDAE, BUNYAVIRIDAE, CALICIVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE > Flashcards

VIROLOGY - ARENAVIRIDAE, BUNYAVIRIDAE, CALICIVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE Flashcards

1
Q

characteristic of an ARENAVIRIDAE

A

Enveloped spherical capsid with circular segmented ssRNA

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2
Q
  • Infect a variety of mammalian species especially rodents and bats
A

arenaviridae

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3
Q

MOT of arenaviridae

A

inhalation of aerosols from infected rodent excrement (urine, saliva, feces, nasal secretions),

or by

direct contact with infected rodents

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4
Q

arenaviridae is divided into

A

old world and new world

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5
Q

the old world and new world of arenaviridae is divided based on ___

A

serotyping and phylogenetic analysis

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6
Q

2 viruses of arenaviridae - old world

A
  • Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
  • Lassa Fever Virus (first detected in Lassa, Nigeria)
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7
Q

2 viruses of arenaviridae - new world

A
  • Junin Virus
  • Machupo Virus
  • Sabia Virus
  • Chapare Virus
  • Whitewater Arroyo Virus
  • Guanarito Virus
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8
Q

this virus of arenaviridae is linked to aseptic meningitis cases in EUROPE and AMERICAS

A

LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS

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9
Q

lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is can be acquired from __

A

pet hamsters

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10
Q

LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS is associated with at least how many human deaths post-organ transplantation from infected donors

A

10 human deaths

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11
Q

lassa fever virus is first detected in ___

A

Lassa, Nigeria

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12
Q

lassa fever virus will cause ___ to symptomatic patients

A

hemorrhagic fever, shock, and death in 5% - 15% of symptomatic patients

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13
Q

lassa fever virus can cause ___ % of death

A

5-15%

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14
Q

how many percent do patients contract lassa fever virus asymptomatically

A

80% asymptomatic

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15
Q

lassa fever virus is responsible for how many deaths annually, primarily in west africa

A

5000 deaths

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16
Q

determine which virus’ symptoms is the following

capillary leak
organ involvement
shock
respiratory distress
hemorrhage

A

Lassa fever

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17
Q

this arenaviridae virus causes argentine hemorrhagic fever

A

junin virusj

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18
Q

junin virus cause what virus

A

argentine hemorrhagic fever

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19
Q

this arenaviridae virus causes bolivian hemorrhagic fever

A

machupo virus

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20
Q

this arenaviridae virus causes hemorrhagic fever in brazil

A

sabia virus

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21
Q

sabia virus causes what fever

A

hemorrhagic fever in brazil

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22
Q

newer virus of arenaviridae than can cause severe illness

A

chapare virus

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23
Q

whitewater arroyo virus of arenaviridae can cause __

A

illness to humas, though rare

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24
Q

this arenaviridae virus causes venezuelan hemorrhagic fever

A

guanarito virus

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25
Q

guanarito virus can cause what fever

A

venezuelan hemorrhagic fever

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26
Q

diagnosis of arenaviridae

A

ELISA
RT PCR
antigen capture ELISA
CELL CULTURE

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27
Q

this arenaviridae diagnosis is based on serologic tests

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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28
Q

this arenaviridae diagnosis is for viral nucleic acid detection

A

reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction

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29
Q

this arenaviridae diagnosis is for quantitative detection in serum and tissue culture supernatants

A

antigen capture ELISA

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30
Q

this arenaviridae diagnosis is not routinely recommended for VIRAL ISOLATION

A

cell culture

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31
Q

why do cell culture for arenaviridae is not recommended

A

proven to be unreliable because of inconsistent sensitivity

personnel will be at high risk as well and specimen for LCMV requires BSL 3 facilities, while lassa fever requires BSL 4

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32
Q

structure characteristics of a bunyaviridae

A

enveloped viruses with 3 single stranded-segmented RNA genome enclosed in a helical nucleocapsid -

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33
Q

bunyaviridae’s genome is consists of how many segment

A

3 segments

small, medium, and large

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34
Q

shape of a bunyaridae

A

generally spherical or pleomorphic shape

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35
Q

genera of bunyaviridae

A

orthobunyavirus
phlebovirus
nairovirus

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36
Q

this genera of bunyaviridae includes many viruses that are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes or ticks) and can cause diseases in humans and animals

A

orthobunyavirus

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37
Q

this genera of bunyaviridae includes viruses such as RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS which can cause significant disease in livestock and humans

A

phlebovirus

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38
Q

this genera of bunyaviridae includes the CRIMEAN-CONGO hemorrhagic fever virus, which is associated with severe hemorrhagic fever in humans

A

nairovirus

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39
Q

MOT of bunyaviridae

A

vector borne
reservoir host

40
Q

reservoir hosts of bunyaviridae

A

rodents, birds, and other mammals

41
Q

clinical manifestation of a bunyaviridae

A

fever
headache
muscle aches
hemorrhagic symptoms
neurological symptoms (encephalitis)

42
Q

this virus of bunyaviridae can cause sever hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates

A

crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus

43
Q

this virus of bunyaviridae that primarily affects livestock but can cause febrile illness and sever disease in humans

A

rift valley fever virus

44
Q

rift valley fever virus mot

A

transmission occurs through mosquito bites or contact with infected animal products

45
Q

this virus of bunyaviridae is a mosquito borne that causes encephalitis primarily in children in UNITED STATES

A

la crosse virus

46
Q

this virus of bunyaviridae that is primarily associated with the genus hantavirus which can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans

A

hantaviruses

47
Q

hantaviruses can cause what syndrome and disease

A

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

HPS
HFRS

49
Q

hantavirus is ___ borne

50
Q

difference of hantavirus to bunyavirus

A

not transmitted by arthropods

51
Q

HANTAVIRUS mot

A

inhalation of aerosolized rodent
excreta (saliva, feces, urine).

52
Q

chronic infection of hantavirus in rodents will leads to

A

shedding of the virus

53
Q

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is first identified in what year and area

A

1993 in the four corners area of the southwestern US (arizona, new mexico, colorado, UTAH)

54
Q

4 area of the southwestern US where HPS is found

A

arizona, new mexico, colorado, utah

55
Q

initial symptoms of HPS

A

headache, fever, body aches

56
Q

incubation period of HPS

A

11-32 days

57
Q

progression of HPS

A

hemorrhagic fever
kidney disease
acute respiratory failure

58
Q

dx of hantavirus

A

For hantavirus, diagnosis relies on the identification of hantavirus-specific IgM or IgG antibody.

Method of choice for hantavirus is, ELISA

RT PCR can be used but has limited usefulness due to reduced sensitivity. Therefore, routine identification of these viruses by RT PCR is not ideal for the diagnosis of hantavirus

nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
serologic assay (IGM/IGG, ELISA, )

59
Q

NAAT is performed in hantavirus patients using what samples

A

serum
whole blood
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or tissue

60
Q

HANTAVIRUS is detectable within how many days after symptoms onset

61
Q

developed a pan-hantavirus
assay for detecting
conserved genomic
L segments during
acute illness.

A

CDC - center for disease control and prevention

62
Q

is the preferred method for diagnosis of hantavirus

63
Q

structure of CALICIVIRIDAE/CALICIVIRUSES

A

Small (30-38 nm),
rounded,
nonenveloped,
single stranded,
positive RNA viruses

64
Q

this family or virus causes acute gastroenteritis in humans

A

caliciviridae

65
Q

this family is previously recognized as major animal pathogens with a broad host range

A

caliciviridae

66
Q

what is caliciviridae known as to cat, swine, and rabbits

A

known to cause respiratory disease to cats
vesicular disease to swine
and hemorrhagic disease in rabbits

67
Q

what are the 2 genera under calicivirus that is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans

A

norovirus and sapovirus

68
Q

genogroups of norovirus and sapovirus

A

norovirus - I,II,IV
sapovirus - I, II, IV, V

69
Q

approx how many cases of gastroenteritis are caused by norovirus annually

A

685 million cases

70
Q

clinical symptom of a norovirus

A

nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, watery diarrhea

71
Q

the clinical symptom of norovirus occur after how many days of incubation

A

1-2 days and will continue for approximately 1-3 days

72
Q

the vomiting in norovirus is much more severe in (children, adult ) than in (children, adult )

A

more severe in children and occurs more frequently

73
Q

in terms of age, norovirus affects what age group

A

all age groups

74
Q

time of maximum viral shedding of viral particles in feces of sapovirus

A

early onset of clinical symptoms, but still shed up to 2-3 weeks after cessation of the clinical symptoms

75
Q

source of more than 80% non bacterial acute gastroenteritis cases and more than 50% of foodborne outbreaks for all ages in developed and undeveloped countries

76
Q

major public health concern as it has the ability to cause large outbreaks in semiclosed environment

77
Q

in recent years, this virus implicated in large outbreaks of disease on cruise ships, nursing homes, schools, summer camps, hospitals, and in restaurant .

78
Q

this virus can persist in water despite treatment processes

79
Q

factors that can contribute to the transmission of norovirus

A

feco-oral route
low infectious dose (<100 virus particles)
virus’ high environmental stability

80
Q

can we cultivate norovirus in cell culture

81
Q

most widely used identification method for NOROVIRUS is

82
Q

structure of coronavirus

A

pleomorphic, roughly spherical, medium sized, enveloped RNA virus with crown like surface projections

83
Q

human respiratory coronavirus causes __ and occasionally ___ in adults

A

colds; pneumonia

84
Q

what is the basis of why coronavirus was believed to cause diarrhea in infants

A

based on the presence of coronavirus-like particles in the stool of symptomatic patients

86
Q

On nov 2002, SARS was identified to cause worldwide outbreak - specifically first found in what country

A

guangdong, china

87
Q

SARS or coronavirus is believed to have mutated from what mammals

A

palm civets - exotic mammal

88
Q

more than how many percent of population of palm civet shows an evidence of coronavirus infection

89
Q

early clinical manifestation of coronavirus

A

rapid onset of fever, followed by dry cough, and dypnea

90
Q

the severe respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus followed an incubation time period of ____

A

approx. 2-7 days after the first initial symptoms (fever, headache, myalgia, and malaise)

91
Q

the period of maximum infectivity and highest viral loads of coronavirus in the upper airways begins in what period

A

second week of illness, during the time the patients were severely ill

92
Q

the CDC established a case definition, and it was been contained on what year

this question is based before 2019 pandemic

93
Q

MOT of coronavirus

A

contaminated respiratory secretions or aerosols

94
Q

the coronavirus is present in the highest concentration in what part of the body

A

nasal passages, where it infects the nasal epithelial cells

95
Q

what is the recommended method for lab diagnosis for coronavirus or SARS

MYCV (16 decks)

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