VIROLOGY - ARENAVIRIDAE, BUNYAVIRIDAE, CALICIVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE Flashcards
1
Q
characteristic of an ARENAVIRIDAE
A
Enveloped spherical capsid with circular segmented ssRNA
2
Q
- Infect a variety of mammalian species especially rodents and bats
A
arenaviridae
3
Q
MOT of arenaviridae
A
inhalation of aerosols from infected rodent excrement (urine, saliva, feces, nasal secretions),
or by
direct contact with infected rodents
4
Q
arenaviridae is divided into
A
old world and new world
5
Q
the old world and new world of arenaviridae is divided based on ___
A
serotyping and phylogenetic analysis
6
Q
2 viruses of arenaviridae - old world
A
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)
- Lassa Fever Virus (first detected in Lassa, Nigeria)
7
Q
2 viruses of arenaviridae - new world
A
- Junin Virus
- Machupo Virus
- Sabia Virus
- Chapare Virus
- Whitewater Arroyo Virus
- Guanarito Virus
8
Q
this virus of arenaviridae is linked to aseptic meningitis cases in EUROPE and AMERICAS
A
LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS
9
Q
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is can be acquired from __
A
pet hamsters
10
Q
LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS is associated with at least how many human deaths post-organ transplantation from infected donors
A
10 human deaths
11
Q
lassa fever virus is first detected in ___
A
Lassa, Nigeria
12
Q
lassa fever virus will cause ___ to symptomatic patients
A
hemorrhagic fever, shock, and death in 5% - 15% of symptomatic patients
13
Q
lassa fever virus can cause ___ % of death
A
5-15%
14
Q
how many percent do patients contract lassa fever virus asymptomatically
A
80% asymptomatic
15
Q
lassa fever virus is responsible for how many deaths annually, primarily in west africa
A
5000 deaths
16
Q
determine which virus’ symptoms is the following
capillary leak
organ involvement
shock
respiratory distress
hemorrhage
A
Lassa fever
17
Q
this arenaviridae virus causes argentine hemorrhagic fever
A
junin virusj
18
Q
junin virus cause what virus
A
argentine hemorrhagic fever
19
Q
this arenaviridae virus causes bolivian hemorrhagic fever
A
machupo virus
20
Q
this arenaviridae virus causes hemorrhagic fever in brazil
A
sabia virus
21
Q
sabia virus causes what fever
A
hemorrhagic fever in brazil
22
Q
newer virus of arenaviridae than can cause severe illness
A
chapare virus
23
Q
whitewater arroyo virus of arenaviridae can cause __
A
illness to humas, though rare
24
Q
this arenaviridae virus causes venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
A
guanarito virus
25
guanarito virus can cause what fever
venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
26
diagnosis of arenaviridae
ELISA
RT PCR
antigen capture ELISA
CELL CULTURE
27
this arenaviridae diagnosis is based on serologic tests
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
28
this arenaviridae diagnosis is for viral nucleic acid detection
reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
29
this arenaviridae diagnosis is for quantitative detection in serum and tissue culture supernatants
antigen capture ELISA
30
this arenaviridae diagnosis is not routinely recommended for VIRAL ISOLATION
cell culture
31
why do cell culture for arenaviridae is not recommended
proven to be unreliable because of inconsistent sensitivity
personnel will be at high risk as well and specimen for LCMV requires BSL 3 facilities, while lassa fever requires BSL 4
32
structure characteristics of a bunyaviridae
enveloped viruses with 3 single stranded-segmented RNA genome enclosed in a helical nucleocapsid -
33
bunyaviridae's genome is consists of how many segment
3 segments
small, medium, and large
34
shape of a bunyaridae
generally spherical or pleomorphic shape
35
genera of bunyaviridae
orthobunyavirus
phlebovirus
nairovirus
36
this genera of bunyaviridae includes many viruses that are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes or ticks) and can cause diseases in humans and animals
orthobunyavirus
37
this genera of bunyaviridae includes viruses such as RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS which can cause significant disease in livestock and humans
phlebovirus
38
this genera of bunyaviridae includes the CRIMEAN-CONGO hemorrhagic fever virus, which is associated with severe hemorrhagic fever in humans
nairovirus
39
MOT of bunyaviridae
vector borne
reservoir host
40
reservoir hosts of bunyaviridae
rodents, birds, and other mammals
41
clinical manifestation of a bunyaviridae
fever
headache
muscle aches
hemorrhagic symptoms
neurological symptoms (encephalitis)
42
this virus of bunyaviridae can cause sever hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus
43
this virus of bunyaviridae that primarily affects livestock but can cause febrile illness and sever disease in humans
rift valley fever virus
44
rift valley fever virus mot
transmission occurs through mosquito bites or contact with infected animal products
45
this virus of bunyaviridae is a mosquito borne that causes encephalitis primarily in children in UNITED STATES
la crosse virus
46
this virus of bunyaviridae that is primarily associated with the genus hantavirus which can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans
hantaviruses
47
hantaviruses can cause what syndrome and disease
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
HPS
HFRS
48
49
hantavirus is ___ borne
rodent
50
difference of hantavirus to bunyavirus
not transmitted by arthropods
51
HANTAVIRUS mot
inhalation of aerosolized rodent
excreta (saliva, feces, urine).
52
chronic infection of hantavirus in rodents will leads to
shedding of the virus
53
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is first identified in what year and area
1993 in the four corners area of the southwestern US (arizona, new mexico, colorado, UTAH)
54
4 area of the southwestern US where HPS is found
arizona, new mexico, colorado, utah
55
initial symptoms of HPS
headache, fever, body aches
56
incubation period of HPS
11-32 days
57
progression of HPS
hemorrhagic fever
kidney disease
acute respiratory failure
58
dx of hantavirus
For hantavirus, diagnosis relies on the identification of hantavirus-specific IgM or IgG antibody.
Method of choice for hantavirus is, ELISA
RT PCR can be used but has limited usefulness due to reduced sensitivity. Therefore, routine identification of these viruses by RT PCR is not ideal for the diagnosis of hantavirus
nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
serologic assay (IGM/IGG, ELISA, )
59
NAAT is performed in hantavirus patients using what samples
serum
whole blood
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or tissue
60
HANTAVIRUS is detectable within how many days after symptoms onset
3-10 days
61
developed a pan-hantavirus
assay for detecting
conserved genomic
L segments during
acute illness.
CDC - center for disease control and prevention
62
is the preferred method for diagnosis of hantavirus
ELISA
63
structure of CALICIVIRIDAE/CALICIVIRUSES
Small (30-38 nm),
rounded,
nonenveloped,
single stranded,
positive RNA viruses
64
this family or virus causes acute gastroenteritis in humans
caliciviridae
65
this family is previously recognized as major animal pathogens with a broad host range
caliciviridae
66
what is caliciviridae known as to cat, swine, and rabbits
known to cause respiratory disease to cats
vesicular disease to swine
and hemorrhagic disease in rabbits
67
what are the 2 genera under calicivirus that is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans
norovirus and sapovirus
68
genogroups of norovirus and sapovirus
norovirus - I,II,IV
sapovirus - I, II, IV, V
69
approx how many cases of gastroenteritis are caused by norovirus annually
685 million cases
70
clinical symptom of a norovirus
nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, watery diarrhea
71
the clinical symptom of norovirus occur after how many days of incubation
1-2 days and will continue for approximately 1-3 days
72
the vomiting in norovirus is much more severe in (children, adult ) than in (children, adult )
more severe in children and occurs more frequently
73
in terms of age, norovirus affects what age group
all age groups
74
time of maximum viral shedding of viral particles in feces of sapovirus
early onset of clinical symptoms, but still shed up to 2-3 weeks after cessation of the clinical symptoms
75
source of more than 80% non bacterial acute gastroenteritis cases and more than 50% of foodborne outbreaks for all ages in developed and undeveloped countries
norovirus
76
major public health concern as it has the ability to cause large outbreaks in semiclosed environment
norovirus
77
in recent years, this virus implicated in large outbreaks of disease on cruise ships, nursing homes, schools, summer camps, hospitals, and in restaurant .
norovirus
78
this virus can persist in water despite treatment processes
norovirus
79
factors that can contribute to the transmission of norovirus
feco-oral route
low infectious dose (<100 virus particles)
virus' high environmental stability
80
can we cultivate norovirus in cell culture
nope
81
most widely used identification method for NOROVIRUS is
RT PCR
82
structure of coronavirus
pleomorphic, roughly spherical, medium sized, enveloped RNA virus with crown like surface projections
83
human respiratory coronavirus causes __ and occasionally ___ in adults
colds; pneumonia
84
what is the basis of why coronavirus was believed to cause diarrhea in infants
based on the presence of coronavirus-like particles in the stool of symptomatic patients
85
86
On nov 2002, SARS was identified to cause worldwide outbreak - specifically first found in what country
guangdong, china
87
SARS or coronavirus is believed to have mutated from what mammals
palm civets - exotic mammal
88
more than how many percent of population of palm civet shows an evidence of coronavirus infection
80%
89
early clinical manifestation of coronavirus
rapid onset of fever, followed by dry cough, and dypnea
90
the severe respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus followed an incubation time period of ____
approx. 2-7 days after the first initial symptoms (fever, headache, myalgia, and malaise)
91
the period of maximum infectivity and highest viral loads of coronavirus in the upper airways begins in what period
second week of illness, during the time the patients were severely ill
92
the CDC established a case definition, and it was been contained on what year
this question is based before 2019 pandemic
July 2003
93
MOT of coronavirus
contaminated respiratory secretions or aerosols
94
the coronavirus is present in the highest concentration in what part of the body
nasal passages, where it infects the nasal epithelial cells
95
what is the recommended method for lab diagnosis for coronavirus or SARS
RT PCR
96
