LEC1 - intro to mycology Flashcards
1
Q
are fungi eukaryotic?
A
yes
2
Q
cell structure of Bacteria
A
prokaryotic
3
Q
diameter size of Fungi
A
> 5 um
4
Q
Diameter size of bacteria
A
<2 um
5
Q
differences in the colonies of yeasts and molds
A
yeast produces moist, creamy, opaque, or pasty colonies on media
molds or filamentous fungi produces fluffy, cottony, wooly, or powdery colonies
6
Q
Cell Wall Composition of fungi
A
Chitins,
Glucans,
Mannans and
other polysaccharides
7
Q
cell wall composition of bacteria
A
Teichoic Acid,
Peptidoglycan Layer,
Muramic Acid
8
Q
do fungi has sterols on its cytoplasmic membrane
A
yes, they have
9
Q
a fungi-like bacteria that has sterol on its cytoplasmic membrane
A
mycoplasma
10
Q
anti-fungal medicines are acting on ____’s fungi to disrupt cellular components of fungi
A
sterol
11
Q
purpose of spores on fungi
A
for reproduction
12
Q
purpose of spores on bacteria
A
survival
13
Q
the metabolism of fungi requires what element
A
carbon
14
Q
way of reproduction of fungi
A
Sexual/Asexual, in the book pwede rin ang spores
15
Q
way of reproduction of bacteria
A
Binary Fission
16
Q
Gas Growth Requirement of fungi
A
Obligate/Facultative Aerobe
needed oxygen for growth
17
Q
Groups of Fung
A
yeast, molds, dimorphic fungi
18
Q
size of fungi
A
- 2-6 um
19
Q
appearance of yeast’s colonies on media
A
Moist, creamy, opaque/pasty
smooth with regular edge
colonies on media
20
Q
culture media of yeast
A
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
and Blood agar plates
SDA/BAP media
21
Q
yeast may look like which bacteria
A
Staphylococci
22
Q
yeasts examples
A
Candida albicans,
Cryptococcus neoformans
23
Q
to confirm if the organism is a bacteria or a yeast, we must perform ___
A
microscopic examination
– look for tapered edge and much bigger
24
Q
are Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans opportunistic fungi and can cause infection?
A
yes
25
are Filamentous fungi
Molds
26
a group of hyphae is called as _____
mycelium
27
a branching structure of molds that is for absorbing nutrients from media
hyphae
28
appearance of colonies of molds in media
Fluffy/cottony/wooly/velvety or
sometimes powdery colonies
29
molds, Microscopically contains
hypha/hyphae (mukhang buntot yan sila )
30
a type of fungi wherein it Exhibits both yeast and mold form
Dimorphic Fungi
31
a type of fungi that is pathogenic
dimorphic fungi
32
dimorphic fungi's form, whether in filamentous or yeast form, is based on temperature, which they will be called as thermally dimorphic
what is the required temperature for the filamentous/mold form of dimorphic fungi to form
25-30 * C
33
dimorphic fungi's form whether it will be in filamentous or yeast form is based on temperature.
what is the required temperature for the yeast form of dimorphic fungi to form
35 - 37 * C
remember na yeast ang gamit sa pagbe-bake, diba mainit un? so ung mas malaking temperature ang YEAST form
34
example of dimorphic fungi
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
histoplasma capsulatum
emmonsia
paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
sporothrix
talaromyces marneffei
35
Types of Hyphae
1. Based on Location in Culture Media
2. Based on pigmentation
36
hyphae Based on Location in Culture Media
'aerial hyphae' - nasa air, parang nakaangat
'vegetative hyphae' - embedded sa media
37
hyphae Based on Pigmentation
* Hyaline Hyphae/Moniliaceous -
no melanin
* Dematiaceous Hyphae - dark with melanin
38
Forms of Hyphae
1. Septate Hyphae (molds)
2. Aseptate Hyphae (molds)
3. Pseudohyphae (yeast cells)
39
Aseptate Hyphae is also called as
coenocytic hyphae
40
the fuzzy appearance of colonies with hyphae is because of
aerial mycelia/hyphae that has spores
41
a hyphae that anchors the colonies in the media as well as to absorb the nutrients
vegetative hyphae
42
this kind of hyphae according to pigmentation is clear unless stained
Hyaline Hyphae/Moniliaceous
43
this kind of hyphae according to pigmentation has melanin content making the hyphae or fungi appears darker
Dematiaceous Hyphae (brown or black)
44
can we stain our Dematiaceous Hyphae be stained using Lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB)
nope, it will not penetrate the hyphae to stain.
45
Forms of Hyphae
1. Septate Hyphae
2. Aseptate Hyphae
3. Pseudohyphae
46
this form of hyphae has cross walls
septate hyphae
47
this form of hyphae has no cross walls
Aseptate Hyphae
48
this form of hyphae are yeast cells that elongates due to prolong incubation
pseudohyphae
49
Reproduction of Fungi; what are the asexual reproduction
* Arthrospores - box box
* Chlamydospores - parang grapes
* Sporangiospores - big bilog
* Conidiospores - pamaypay and parang finger
* Blastospores - bilog na spores from elongated mother
50
Reproduction of Fungi; what are the sexual reproduction
* Zygospores
* Ascospores
* Basidiospores
51
2 stages of sexual reprodiuction
plasmogamy
karyogamy
52
plasmogamy is a fusion of
cells
53
karyogamy is a fusion of
nucleus
54
a type of asexual reproduction wherein the hyphae are fragmented forming arthroconidia - box box
shape formed - square, rectangle, barrel shaped, thick walled cells
arthrospores
55
arthrospores
fungi examples
Trichosporon
Geotrichum
coccidiosis spp
56
a type of asexual reproduction wherein a rounding of hyphae occurs
Chlamydospores
57
are round, thick walled spores formed directly from the differentiation of hyphae in which there is a concentration of protoplasm and nutrient material
chlamydospores
58
these appear to be resistant resting spores produced by the rounding up and enlargement of the cells of the hyphae
chlamydospores
59
a rounding of hyphae at the top or end is called as
terminal chlamydospores
60
a rounding of hyphae at the middle or within the hyphae is called as
intercalary Chlamydospores
61
a rounding of hyphae at the peripheral is called as
sessile Chlamydospores
62
example of fungi that has Chlamydospores
candida albicans
63
a type of asexual reproduction wherein the spores are enclosed inside a sac
Sporangiospores
64
Sporangiospores
the spores are enclosed inside the sac called as
sporangium
65
example of fungi that has Sporangiospores
mucorales
Rhizopus
66
a type of asexual reproduction of fungi wherein the spores are freely open in the environment and looking like a pamaypay
Conidiospores
67
a structure of fungi that supports the Conidiophore
a single, simple, slender, tubular conidiophore that produces a cluster of conidia
phialides
68
the special hyphal strands in conidia
conidiophores
69
fungi that uses Conidiospores as reproduction
Conidiospores
aspergillus
70
a type of asexual reproduction wherein a budding from the mother cells occur
Blastospores
71
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein there's a fusion of similar morphological fungi
Zygospores
72
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein there's a fusion of similar or dissimilar cells and the spores are enclosed in a sac called ASCUS
Ascospores
73
a saclike structure called ascocarp, which contains smaller sacs called asci or ascus contains how many ascospores each
4-8 ascospores each
74
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein it usually occurs in mushroom consist of basidium and sterigmata
Basidiospores
75
it supports the reproduction of Basidiospores
sterigmata
76
Other Types of Hyphal Structures
1. Favic/Anthler
2. Nodular Organs
3. Racquet
4. Spiral
5. Rhizoid
77
Other Types of Hyphal Structure that looks like an antler or sungay
favic/antler
78
favic/antler hyphae are seen in what fungi
trichophyton schoenleinii
79
a hyphae that is curved and free branching
antler hyphae
80
Other Types of Hyphal Structure wherein in the middle of the hyphae has a formation of nodular organs
Nodular Organs
81
the hyphae that is enlarged and has a club shaped structures
racquet hyphae
82
Nodular Organs are seen in what fungi
microsporum canis
83
Other Types of Hyphal Structure wherein it looks like a raketa
Racquet
84
racquet hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
epidermophyton flocossum
85
spiral hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
trichophyton mentagrophytes
86
rhizoids hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
rhizopus
87
Forms of Conidia
* Macroconidia
* Microconidia
88
2 classification of thallophyta
algae (chlorophyll)
fungi (no chlorophyll)
89
algae (chlorophyll) 2 classes
zygomycetes
ascomycetes
90
fungi (no chlorophyll)
classes
basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes
91
3 well stablished phyla of fungi
zygomycota
ascomycota
basidiomycota
92
zygomycota is further divided into what phylum
glomerulomycota --> sub phylum--> mucoramycotina and entomophthoracortina
93
zygomycota's hyphae and sexual and sexual reproduction method
hyphae = septate
s= zygospores
as = sporangiospores
94
zygomycota's genera members
rhizopus
mucor
rhizomucor
lichtheimia (absidia
cunninghamella )
95
ascomycota's hyphae and sexual and sexual reproduction method
h= septate
s= ascospores
as= conidia
96
sexual and asexual form of ascomycetes
s= teleomorph
as= anamorph
97
fungi that exhibits different asexual forms of the same fungus are called as
synanomorphs
98
what are the agents of systemic fungal infections
infections of these primarily affects the lungs but also may involve any organ system
BC-HEP
blastomyces
coccidioides
histoplasma
emmonsia
paracoccidiodes
talaromyces marneffei
99
example of subcutaneous fungal agents
chromoblastomycosis
mycetoma
phaeohypomycotic cysts
100
example of cutaneous agents
fungal agents that involves hair, skin, nails such as 'dermatophytes' and agents of tinea, tinea nigra, and piedra
101
example of opportunistic fungi
aspergillus
candida
cryptococcus
geotrichosis
102
what are the virulence factors
organism's size - with inhalation, the organism must be small enough to reach the alveoli
organism's ability to grow at 37*C at neutral pH
conversion of the dimorphic fungi from the mycelial form into the corresponding yeast or spherule form in the host
toxin production
