LEC1 - intro to mycology Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
are fungi eukaryotic?
A
yes
2
Q
cell structure of Bacteria
A
prokaryotic
3
Q
diameter size of Fungi
A
> 5 um
4
Q
Diameter size of bacteria
A
<2 um
5
Q
multicellular or single cell
molds
A
multicellular fungi
6
Q
multicellular or single cell
yeast
A
single cell fungi
7
Q
differences in the colonies of yeasts and molds
A
yeast produces moist, creamy, opaque, or pasty colonies on media
molds or filamentous fungi produces fluffy, cottony, wooly, or powdery colonies
8
Q
Cell Wall Composition of fungi
A
Chitins,
Glucans,
Mannans and
other polysaccharides
9
Q
cell wall composition of bacteria
A
Teichoic Acid,
Peptidoglycan Layer,
Muramic Acid
10
Q
do fungi has sterols on its cytoplasmic membrane
A
yes, they have
11
Q
a fungi-like bacteria that has sterol on its cytoplasmic membrane
A
mycoplasma
12
Q
anti-fungal medicines are acting on ____’s fungi to disrupt cellular components of fungi
A
sterol
13
Q
purpose of spores on fungi
A
for reproduction
14
Q
purpose of spores on bacteria
A
survival
15
Q
the metabolism of fungi requires what element
A
carbon
16
Q
way of reproduction of fungi
A
Sexual/Asexual, in the book pwede rin ang spores
17
Q
way of reproduction of bacteria
A
Binary Fission
18
Q
Gas Growth Requirement of fungi
A
Obligate/Facultative Aerobe
needed oxygen for growth
19
Q
Groups of Fung
A
yeast, molds, dimorphic fungi
20
Q
size of fungi
A
- 2-6 um
21
Q
appearance of yeast’s colonies on media
A
Moist, creamy, opaque/pasty
smooth with regular edge
colonies on media
22
Q
culture media of yeast
A
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
and Blood agar plates
SDA/BAP media
23
Q
yeast may look like which bacteria
A
Staphylococci
24
Q
yeasts examples
A
Candida albicans,
Cryptococcus neoformans
25
to confirm if the organism is a bacteria or a yeast, we must perform ___
microscopic examination
-- look for tapered edge and much bigger
26
are Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans opportunistic fungi and can cause infection?
yes
27
are Filamentous fungi
Molds
28
a group of hyphae is called as _____
mycelium
29
a branching structure of molds that is for absorbing nutrients from media
hyphae
30
appearance of colonies of molds in media
Fluffy/cottony/wooly/velvety or
sometimes powdery colonies
31
molds, Microscopically contains
hypha/hyphae (mukhang buntot yan sila )
32
a type of fungi wherein it Exhibits both yeast and mold form
Dimorphic Fungi
33
a type of fungi that is pathogenic
dimorphic fungi
34
dimorphic fungi's form, whether in filamentous or yeast form, is based on temperature, which they will be called as thermally dimorphic
what is the required temperature for the filamentous/mold form of dimorphic fungi to form
25-30 * C
35
dimorphic fungi's form whether it will be in filamentous or yeast form is based on temperature.
what is the required temperature for the yeast form of dimorphic fungi to form
35 - 37 * C
remember na yeast ang gamit sa pagbe-bake, diba mainit un? so ung mas malaking temperature ang YEAST form
36
example of dimorphic fungi
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
histoplasma capsulatum
emmonsia
paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
sporothrix
talaromyces marneffei
37
thyphae Based on Location in Culture Media
'aerial hyphae' - nasa air, parang nakaangat
'vegetative hyphae' - embedded sa media
38
the type of hyphae based on location that functions in food absorption and are the portion that extends below the agar surface or nutrient substrate
vegetative hyphae
39
the type of hyphae based on location that extends above the agar or nutrient substrate and their function is to support reproductive structures called conidia
aerial hyphae
40
Types of Hyphae
1. Based on Location in Culture Media
2. Based on pigmentation
41
hyphae Based on Location in Culture Media
'aerial hyphae' - nasa air, parang nakaangat
'vegetative hyphae' - embedded sa media
42
hyphae Based on Pigmentation
* Hyaline Hyphae/Moniliaceous -
no melanin
* Dematiaceous Hyphae - dark with melanin
43
Forms of Hyphae
1. Septate Hyphae (molds)
2. Aseptate Hyphae (molds)
3. Pseudohyphae (yeast cells)
44
Aseptate Hyphae is also called as
coenocytic hyphae
45
the fuzzy appearance of colonies with hyphae is because of
aerial mycelia/hyphae that has spores
46
a hyphae that anchors the colonies in the media as well as to absorb the nutrients
vegetative hyphae
47
this kind of hyphae according to pigmentation is clear unless stained
Hyaline Hyphae/Moniliaceous
48
this kind of hyphae according to pigmentation has melanin content making the hyphae or fungi appears darker
Dematiaceous Hyphae (brown or black)
49
can we stain our Dematiaceous Hyphae be stained using Lacto-phenol cotton blue (LPCB)
nope, it will not penetrate the hyphae to stain.
50
Forms of Hyphae
1. Septate Hyphae
2. Aseptate Hyphae
3. Pseudohyphae
51
refers to hyphae lacking cross walls
coenocytic or aseptate
52
this form of hyphae has cross walls
septate hyphae
53
this form of hyphae has no cross walls
Aseptate Hyphae
54
this form of hyphae are yeast cells that elongates due to prolong incubation
pseudohyphae
55
Reproduction of Fungi; what are the asexual reproduction
* Arthrospores - box box
* Chlamydospores - parang grapes
* Sporangiospores - big bilog
* Conidiospores - pamaypay and parang finger
* Blastospores - bilog na spores from elongated mother
56
difference of chlamydoconidia to chlamydospores
chlamydoconidia are found in moulds whereas the similar structure , chlamydospores are found in hyphae produced by some yeasts
chlamydospore specifically is produced by candida albicans
57
this type of conidia is formed by being pushed through a small pore in the parent cell
poroconidia
parang maning nilalaga
58
tube shaped conidia that can be branched
phialoconidia
59
are vase-shaped conidia, the remaining parent outer cell wall takes on a saw-toothed appearance as the conidia are released
annelloconidia
60
this type of reproduction requires formation of specialized fungal structures called spores
sexual reproduction
61
Reproduction of Fungi; what are the sexual reproduction
* Zygospores
* Ascospores
* Basidiospores
62
2 stages of sexual reprodiuction
plasmogamy
karyogamy
63
plasmogamy is a fusion of
cells
64
karyogamy is a fusion of
nucleus
65
a type of asexual reproduction wherein the hyphae are fragmented forming arthroconidia - box box
shape formed - square, rectangle, barrel shaped, thick walled cells
arthrospores
66
arthrospores
fungi examples
Trichosporon
Geotrichum
coccidiosis spp
67
a type of asexual reproduction wherein a rounding of hyphae occurs
Chlamydospores
68
are round, thick walled spores formed directly from the differentiation of hyphae in which there is a concentration of protoplasm and nutrient material
chlamydospores
69
these appear to be resistant resting spores produced by the rounding up and enlargement of the cells of the hyphae
chlamydospores
70
a rounding of hyphae at the top or end is called as
terminal chlamydospores
71
a rounding of hyphae at the middle or within the hyphae is called as
intercalary Chlamydospores
72
a rounding of hyphae at the peripheral is called as
sessile Chlamydospores
73
example of fungi that has Chlamydospores
candida albicans
74
a type of asexual reproduction wherein the spores are enclosed inside a sac
Sporangiospores
75
Sporangiospores
the spores are enclosed inside the sac called as
sporangium
76
example of fungi that has Sporangiospores
mucorales
Rhizopus
77
a type of asexual reproduction of fungi wherein the spores are freely open in the environment and looking like a pamaypay
Conidiospores
78
a structure of fungi that supports the Conidiophore
a single, simple, slender, tubular conidiophore that produces a cluster of conidia
phialides
79
the special hyphal strands in conidia
conidiophores
80
fungi that uses Conidiospores as reproduction
Conidiospores
aspergillus
81
a type of asexual reproduction wherein a budding from the mother cells occur
Blastospores
82
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein there's a fusion of similar morphological fungi
'fusion of 2 identical hyphae'
Zygospores
83
a sexual reproduction wherein spores result from the fusion of cells from two different hyphae
oospores
84
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein there's a fusion of similar or dissimilar cells and the spores are enclosed in a sac called ASCUS
Ascospores
85
a saclike structure called ascocarp, which contains smaller sacs called asci or ascus contains how many ascospores each
4-8 ascospores each
86
a sexual reproduction of fungi wherein it usually occurs in mushroom consist of basidium and sterigmata
Basidiospores
87
this sexual reproduction results to spores contained in a 'clubshaped' structure
basidiospores
88
it supports the reproduction of Basidiospores
sterigmata
89
a type of reproduction where it involved only the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm
asexual reproduction
90
_________ fungi are the only fungal group to produce conidia
imperfect fungi
91
Other Types of Hyphal Structures
1. Favic/Anthler
2. Nodular Organs
3. Racquet
4. Spiral
5. Rhizoid
92
Other Types of Hyphal Structure that looks like an antler or sungay
favic/antler
93
favic/antler hyphae are seen in what fungi
trichophyton schoenleinii
94
a hyphae that is curved and free branching
antler hyphae
95
Other Types of Hyphal Structure wherein in the middle of the hyphae has a formation of nodular organs
Nodular Organs
96
the hyphae that is enlarged and has a club shaped structures
racquet hyphae
97
Nodular Organs are seen in what fungi
microsporum canis
98
Other Types of Hyphal Structure wherein it looks like a raketa
Racquet
99
racquet hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
epidermophyton flocossum
100
spiral hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
trichophyton mentagrophytes
101
rhizoids hyphal structure are seen in what fungi
rhizopus
102
Forms of Conidia
* Macroconidia
* Microconidia
103
2 classification of thallophyta
algae (chlorophyll)
fungi (no chlorophyll)
104
algae (chlorophyll) 2 classes
zygomycetes
ascomycetes
105
fungi (no chlorophyll)
classes
basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes
106
3 well stablished phyla of fungi
zygomycota
ascomycota
basidiomycota
107
zygomycota is further divided into what phylum
glomerulomycota --> sub phylum--> mucoramycotina and entomophthoracortina
108
zygomycota's hyphae and sexual and sexual reproduction method
hyphae = septate
s= zygospores
as = sporangiospores
109
zygomycota's genera members
rhizopus
mucor
rhizomucor
lichtheimia (absidia
cunninghamella )
110
ascomycota's hyphae and sexual and sexual reproduction method
h= septate
s= ascospores
as= conidia
111
sexual and asexual form of ascomycetes
s= teleomorph
as= anamorph
112
fungi that exhibits different asexual forms of the same fungus are called as
synanomorphs
113
what are the agents of systemic fungal infections
infections of these primarily affects the lungs but also may involve any organ system
BC-HEP
blastomyces
coccidioides
histoplasma
emmonsia
paracoccidiodes
talaromyces marneffei
114
example of subcutaneous fungal agents
chromoblastomycosis
mycetoma
phaeohypomycotic cysts
115
example of cutaneous agents
fungal agents that involves hair, skin, nails such as 'dermatophytes' and agents of tinea, tinea nigra, and piedra
116
example of opportunistic fungi
aspergillus
candida
cryptococcus
geotrichosis
117
what are the virulence factors
organism's size - with inhalation, the organism must be small enough to reach the alveoli
organism's ability to grow at 37*C at neutral pH
conversion of the dimorphic fungi from the mycelial form into the corresponding yeast or spherule form in the host
toxin production
118
fungal pathogens that are found in blood
candida spp
blastomyces dermatitidis
histoplasma capsulatum
cryptococcus neoformans
119
fungal pathogens that are found in CSF
cryptococcus neoformans
candida spp
histoplasma capsulatum
coccidioides immitis
120
fungal pathogens that are found in hair
microsporim and trichophyton
121
fungal pathogens that are found in nails
aspergillus
epidermophyton
trichophyton
122
fungal pathogens that are found in skin
candida
microsporum
trichophyton
epidermophyton
blastimyces dermatitidis
123
fungal pathogens that are found in lungs
candida albicans
aspergillus
rhizopus
penicillium
histoploasma capsulatum
blastomyces dermatitidis
coccidioides immitis
124
fungal pathogens that are found in throat
candida albicans
geotrichum candidum
125
fungal pathogens that are found in urine
candida albicans
candida glabrata
126
fungal pathogens that are found in genital tract
candida albicans
127
