MIDTERM LEC TOPICS - ADENO, PARVO, PAPOVA Flashcards
how many family of DNA viruses are there?
7 families
how many family of RNA viruses are there?
14 families
are adenovirus naked or with envelope
naked icosahedral
type of DNA of adenoviridae
linear double stranded DNA
size of adenoviridae
70-90 nm
adenoviridae is first isolated from cultures of
human adenoids and tonsils in 1950
the Only member of adenovirus cause human infection
Mastadenovirus
how many serotypes of human adenoviruses have been described currently?
52 serotypes
they infect wide range of host, animals, humans and birds
adenoviridae
what disease are the most common clinical manifestation associated with adenovirus infection
respiratory and gastrointestinal disease
adenoviridae infects infants and general population in how many percent?
18% of all acute acute diarrheal infection in infant
5% respiratory disease in general population
what serotypes of adenovirus can cause gastroenteritis in infant and young children,
serotypes 40 and 41
MOT of adenoviridae
aerosol/airborne
respiratory disease - respiratory secretions, stool, fomites
what is the incubation period for respiratory disease caused by adenoviridae
2-14 days
what are the common upper respiratory tract infections caused by adenovirus
colds, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever, and sometimes croup (viral infection of the larynx )
complications of respiratory disease caused by adenoviridae to infants
or ano ung possible secondary infection nito sa infant if may respiratory disease
eye and conjunctivitis often accompany respiratory disease
otitis media - often a complication to respiratory disease
describe the lower respiratory tract infection of adenoviridae
quite severe in children and the pneumonia is often fatal in infants and young children
what is the unique feature of adenovirus that causes epidemics in the military
it can cause severe and acute respiratory disease , often resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality
Adenoviruses can be detected from respiratory secretions or stool in cell culture using various epithelial cell lines such
A-549, Hep-2, and He-La cells –
describe the cytopathic effect appearance of adenovirus
Grape like cluster cytopathic effect
the viral capsid of adenoviridae has how many capsomere, hexons, and penton
252 capsomeres
240 hexons
12 pentons
adenovirus
the genome consist of linear double stranded DNA with a molecule of approx. __ kilo base pairs
26-45
adenoviridae is stable and viable for about _____
week at 37C but inactivated at 50C
adenoviridae are resistant to
ether and bile salts
tropism of adenoviridae
nucleus of epithelial cells
genus under adenoviridae
mastadenovirus
aviadenovirus
which one of the genus of adenoviridae infects birds
aviadenovirus
85 serotypes of human adenovirus is divided into how many species
7 species (A to G )
commonly causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disease but is also associated with conjuctivitis, keratitis, and disseminated multi-organ disease for immunocompromised patients
adenovirus
MOT of adenoviridae
respiratort
feco oral
fomites
incubation period for adenoviridar
2-14 days for respiratory
3-10 days for gastro
the major cause of nonbacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis, presenting as febrile common cold.
adenovirus
Adenovirus types what are associated with
pneumonia in adults resembling primary atypical pneumonia
3 and 7
ADENOVIRIDAE
the cause of an acute respiratory
disease (ARD) syndrome among military recruits.
serotypes 4,7,21
adenoviridae
it tends to occur in outbreaks, such
as at children’s summer camps
Pharyngoconjunctival fever:
Pharyngoconjunctival fever is associated with what serotypes
3, 7, 14
adenoviridae
a serious condition which
may appear as an epidemics, usually caused by type 8 and less often by types 19 and 37
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)
this condition caused by adenoviridae that occurs mainly in adults and is highly contagious
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)
acute follicular conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus are caused by which serotypes
3, 4, 11
which conjunctivitis is adenovirus similar with?
chlamydial conjunctivitis
Some fastidious adenoviruses can cause diarrheal disease
in children (serotypes __and ___)
40 and 41
systemic infection caused by adenovirus serotype 3 and 7
meningitis
test that can be done in nose and throat swab in VTM for detecction of adenovirus
virus culture
test that can be done in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the detection of adenovirus
pcr
test that can be done in nasopharyngeal aspirates for the detection of adenovirus
immunofluorescence - takes less than 2 hrs
test that can be done in conjunctival swab in virus from VTM in detection of adenovirus
culture and PCR
test that can be done in feces in the detection of adenovirus
PCR
rapid test devices
electron microscopy
is there antiviral chemotherapy available for adenovirus infection
No specific antiviral chemotherapy (supportive care only)
treatment and prevention for adenovirus infection in pools
For swimming poo-associated conjunctivitis-adequate levels of
CHLORINE in water
do we have vaccines available for adenovirus
yes but only for military recruits
Non-attenuated live Adenovirus types 4, 7, and 21 packaged in enteric capsules (military only
AAVs means
(Adenovirus Associated Viruses)
(Adenovirus Associated Viruses) are members of
parvoviridae
these are dependent with adenoviruses or herpes simplex virus to provide missing functions
(Adenovirus Associated Viruses)
- Smallest of the DNA viruses (~22nm
Parvoviridae
physical of parvoviridae
- Small, non-enveloped icosahedral capsid
Linear single stranded DNA genome
2 subfamilies of parvoviridae
densovirinae
parvovirinae
the subfamily of -parvoviridae that infects invertebrates (insects and crustaceans)
densovirinae
the subfamily of -parvoviridae that infects vertebrates
parvovirinae
3 important genus affecting humans of parvovirinae
dependoparvovirus
erythroparvovirus
bocaparvovirus
genus of parvovirinae that is the canine parvovirus
faudovirus
genus of parvovirinae that is a feline parvovirus
protoparvovirus
genus of parvovirinae that is a porcine parvovirus
tetraparvovirus
Characterized by their dependance on helper viruses such as
adenoviruses or herpesviruses for replication
Dependoparvovirus
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV)
* Can cause ___ illness
mild respiratory
- Can be used in gene-replacement therapy because of its low
immunogenicity and wide tissue tropism
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV)
Associated with a variety of respiratory infections including
bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections
which may become severe in young children
Human Bocavirus (HBoV)
Human Bocavirus (HBoV) mot
respiratory droplets
diagnosis` for Human Bocavirus (HBoV)
PCR, antigen detection, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy
Cell receptor: of parvovirus
P antigen
parvovirus B19
Cell receptor: P antigen found in the surface of
red blood cells, erythroid progenitors, vascular endothelium and fetal myocytes
parvovirus causes Infections such as
Infections causes no symptom or mild illness such as flu symptoms,
rashes and joint pains
slapped cheek” rash in children, and joint pains in adults is caused by
Parvovirus B19
parvovirus on Individual with weakened immune system can cause
low blood
count
parvovirus on Individual having a pregnancy can cause
miscarriage
parvovirus b19
- Virus spreads by
respiratory and oral secretion
parvovirus b19
Worldwide prevalence typically in __
children
Incubation period of parvovirus b19
12-18 days
At risk group of parvovirus b19
Pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and
those with hemolytic anemia
swelling of joint
Polyarthropathy Syndrome
Polyarthropathy Syndrome is caused by
parvovirus
Polyarthropathy Syndrome caused by parvovirus usually last____
1-3 weeks but can last for months
do Polyarthropathy Syndrome goes away without any long term problems?
yes
parvovirus infection
due to infection of red blood cell pre-cursors and
immune-mediated destruction
aplastic crisis
”slapped-cheek disease”
* Common in children aged 4-11 years
* May be associated with lymphadenopathy and joint symptoms
erythema infectiosum
excessive fluid build up in the fetus caused by parvovirus
hydrops fetalis
Diagnosis for parvovirus b19
Antibody Testing (Parvovirus IgM)-
pcr
pcr and antibody testing using cord blood
this diagnosis is for acute infection of parvovirus
antibody testing (parvovirus IgM)
this diagnosis is for acute infection of parvovirus especially immunocompromised and patients with aplastic crises
PCR
this diagnosis is for fetal infection caused by parvovirus
PCR and antibody testing using cord blood
treatment for parvovirus
supportive care
5th disease of parvovirus b19
erythema infectiosum
parvovirus b19 is under what genus
erythroparvovirus
PAPOVA IN PAPOVAVIRIDAE means
papilloma
polyoma
vacuolating
- Naked icosahedral capsid containing circular double stranded DN
PAPOVAVIRIDAE
Papillomaviridae will result to
Warts, condylomas, papillomas, cervical cancer
Polyomaviridae will result to
BK Virus, JC virus, Merkel Cell Polyomavirus,
Trichodysplasia spinulosa Polyomavirus
Papillomaviruses size
55 nm
papillomaviruses Can cause infections in
humans, dogs, cattle, monkeys and many
other species
Viral tropism of HPV
cutaneous/mucosal tissue
papillomaviruses is * Divided into more than ___serotype
200
in papilloma virumes, Envelope proteins E___ are transforming proteins associated with
initiating cancer
6 and E7
HPV high risk genotypes cause ce___ cancer
cervical, vulvar, vaginal, squamous cell
oropharynx, anal and penile
how many percent of all cervical cancers are caused by Hhuman papilloma virus
95%
in the 95% of the cervical cancers caused by HPV, the 70% is caused by
hpv 16 and 18
MOT of Papillomaviruses
Sexual, Vertical, Direct contact with infected material
Incubation period pf papillomaviruses
genital warts- 3 months after exposure,
cancer - several years from the acquisition of infection
Clinical Manifestations of papillomaviruses in skin
common warts
flat warts
epidermodysplasia verruciformis
common warts (verruca vulgaris ) is caused by what HPV
1, 2, 4,
Flat Warts (Verrucae plana) is caused by what HPV
HPV 3
Mucus Membrane clinical manifestation of papillomaviruses
genital wats
\laryngeal warts
- Genital Warts is caused by what HPV
6 and 11
Laryngeal Warts is caused by what HPV
6 and 11
Carcinoma clinical manifestation of papillomaviruses
cervical cancer
other cancers such as cancer of squamous cell carcinoma found in penis, vulva, vagina, laryngeal carcinoma
Cervical cancer is caused by what HPV
16, 18, 31, 33, 35
Diagnosis for papillomaviruses
Histopathologic or cytologic examination of cutaneous
biopsy or cells, DNA probe assays, NAA
treatment for papillomaviruses
- Self-limiting and normally recede in 6-12 months
- Ablative treatments with podophyllin or liquid nitrogen
- Vaccines: Cervarix, Gardasil (HPV 6 and 11), and Gardasil-9 (HPV
31, 33, 45, 52, 58
Polyomavirus size
40-45 nm
characteristic of a Polyomavirus
icosahedral, naked, circular double-stranded DNA
polyomavirus is Believed to be transmitted through
respiratory or oral secretions
- Infections of these viruses usually occur during childhood and
appears to have little clinical significance.
Polyomavirus
polyomavirus
- Latency in __ can result in symptomatic
reactivation
kidney and B lymphocytes
MOT of polyomaviruses
Respiratory droplets
under polyomavirus
Had been isolated in urine from children with cystitis and evidence of
infection has been demonstrated in children with acute respiratory
illness
bk virus
BK virus,
Reactivation in renal transplant patients can result to
urethral strictures
bk virus, reactivation in bone marrow transplant patients can cause
hemorrhagic cystitis
Treatment for BK virus
cidofovir
Diagnosis for BK virus
PCR (blood and urine), Electron Microscopy of urinary sediments
under polyomavirus that is * Clinical importance in patients who are immunosuppressed due to
T-cell dysfunction in whom the virus reactivates to cause progressive
multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
JC virus
diagnosis for JC virus
PCR (Brain biopsy or CSF), Serological Assays, Histological
examinations
MCPv integrates its DNA into the genome of
Merkel Cells
Diagnosis for merkel cell polyomavirus
Tumor biopsy, PCR | Treatment: Surgery, Immunotherapy
Growth of abnormal hair-like structures in the skin
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus
Clinical presentation: red scaly patches on skin, itching or discomfort,
hair like growths
Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus
diagnosis of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus
Skin biopsy | Treatment: Cidofovir cream, Corticosteriods,
Laser therapy
viruses under polyomaviruses
John Cunningham (JC), BK Virus, Merkel Cell
Polyomavirus, Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus