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MYCV > midterm examGERM TUBE TEST AND SPECIMEN COLLECTION > Flashcards

midterm examGERM TUBE TEST AND SPECIMEN COLLECTION Flashcards

1
Q

what does germ tube test detects?

A

candida albicans and candida dubliniensis from other candida species

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2
Q

type of specimen we can use for germ tube test

A

human or sheep serum

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3
Q

we are incubating human or sheep serum in what temperature and how many hours

A

37*C for 2-3 hrs

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4
Q

what are the alternative for germ tube media

A

brain heart infusion broth
trypticase soy broth
nutrient broth

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5
Q

positive result in germ tube test

A

presence of germ tubes (short hyphal extension arising laterally from the yest cell with NO CONSTRICTION at the point of origin)

mukhang kutsara - positive

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6
Q

negative result in germ tube test

A

absence of germ tube - only a budding- presence of pseudohyphae
with constriction

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7
Q

materials needed for germ tube test

A

tsb
inoculating loop
alcohol lamp
glass slide
cover slip
yeast culture

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8
Q

procedure

A

using a sterile inoculating loop, pick a small amount of yeast colony from a culture plate
(3-5 colonies)

suspend the colonies in the TSB (2 tubes)

incubate at 37*C for 2hrs

after incubation place a drop of the incubated mixture on a clean glass slide and cover with cover lsip

examine the slide under the microscope

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9
Q

how many colonies are suspended on the tsb

A

3-5 colonies

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10
Q

Specimen collection depends on the specific disease syndrome, viral agents suspected, and the time of the year

true or false

A

true

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11
Q

In the requisition, the specimen type and suspected virus should be included.

true or false

A

true

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12
Q

Must be collected as early as possible after the onset of symptomatic disease

true or false

A

true

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13
Q

the viral load is highest or at peak on what stage

A

the first onset of symptomatic disease

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14
Q

the collectors must be notified of what type of virus or sample is to be collected to prepare an accurate PPE

t or f

A

true

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15
Q

specimens for the detection of virus should be collected as early as how many days after the first appearance of symptoms

A

2 days

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16
Q

this type of swab is not used in collection as it interfere with nucleic acid based test, recover of some enveloped viruses, and fluorescent-antibody test

A

Calcium alginate swabs

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17
Q

if we are not allowed to use calcium alginate swab, what are the recommended swabs?

A

dacron swab
rayon swab
flocked swab

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18
Q

this type of swab is made up of polyester fibers that is used during the covid 19 pandemic

A

flocked swab

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19
Q

SUCCESSFUL LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

A

✓Collection of adequate and appropriate specimens
✓Sufficient documentation
✓Biosafety and decontamination
✓Correct packaging
✓Rapid transport
✓Choice of a laboratory that can accurately
perform the tests
✓Timely communication of results

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20
Q

Specialized medium used to transport and
store viral sample

A

viral transport medium

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21
Q

components of VTM

A

buffering agent
stabilizers
antimicrobial agents

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22
Q

buffering agent of VTM

A

phosphate-buffered saline
hanks’ balanced salt solution

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23
Q

the phosphate-buffered saline is for __

A

pH stability and osmotic balance

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24
Q

hanks’ balance salt solution is a mixture of

A

salts and nutrients

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25
Q

stabilizers for VTM

A

glycerol
protein stabilizers

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26
Q

this stabilizer of VTM that is for preservation of viral particles

A

glycerol

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27
Q

this stabilizer is to stabilize the viral particles

A

protein stabilizer

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28
Q

example of protein stabilizer

A

bovine serum albumin

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29
Q

this antimicrobial agent that is for bacteria

A

gentamicin, penicillin, streptomycin

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30
Q

this antimicrobial agent that is for fungi

A

amphotericin B

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31
Q

this type of specimen collection are superior to swabs

A

aspirates

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32
Q

Swabs should be made of

A

polyester, Dacron, or rayon with plastic or
aluminum shafts

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33
Q

swabs are Often are contaminated with bacteria.

Contaminants may be removed by concentrating the sample through
__

A

centrifugation

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34
Q

viruses that uses throat swabs

A

Enteroviruses , Adenoviruses, HSV

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35
Q

viruses that uses Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate

A

—RSV , Influenza, Parainfluenza

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36
Q

the virus that uses Nasal Specimen to identify

A

rhinovirus

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37
Q

In THROAT SWAB : POSTERIOR PHARYNGEAL SWAB

we are holding the tongue away with __

A

tongue depressor

38
Q

in throat swab; posterior pharyngeal swab

we locate which areas

A

Locate areas of inflammation and
exudate in posterior pharynx, tonsillar
region of throat behind uvula

39
Q

areas to avoid in throat swab; posterior pharyngeal swab

A

avoid swabbing soft palate;
do not touch tongue
buccal mucosa
teeth and gums

40
Q

in NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE

we are instilling how many ml of VTM/sterile normal saline into one nostril

A

1-1.5ml

41
Q

a process wherein we are inserting silicon catheter in nostril and aspirate the secretion gently by suction in each nostril

A

NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE

42
Q

all respiratory specimens are acceptable for culture of most viruses. However, they are prone to contamination, to remove the contaminants, we can concentrate the sample through

A

centrifugation of filtration

43
Q

this type of specimen collection that is for Specimen for detecting viruses that infect the lower respiratory tract (Influenza and Adenoviruses)

A

bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes

44
Q

in bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes, we ___ to remove contaminating materials

A

centrifuge

45
Q

centrifuging bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes to remove contaminants is not necessary if the sample are for what tests

A

Not necessary if sample are for antigen and nucleic acid testing

46
Q

RECTAL SWABS AND STOOL are for what viruses

A

Used to detect Rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and
enteroviruses.

47
Q

many agents of viral gastroenteritis do not grow in cell culture and will require ___

A

PCR or electron microscopy for detection

48
Q

Stool sample is preferable for what viruses

A

preferable for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus testing.

49
Q

Rectal swabs - acceptable for detecting enteroviruses in patients suspected of
having an enteroviral disease, such as __

A

aseptic meningitis

50
Q

how to get a rectal swab

A

insert the rectal swab 3-5 cm into the rectum and rotated against the mucosa to obtain feces

51
Q

stool sample vs rectal swab, which one is preferred and why

A

stool sample is preferred, rectal swab has a potential for decreased viral recovery due to its small sample size

52
Q

Due to bacterial contamination in stool, _____ or both are
necessary for cell cultures for the recovery of viral agents

A

centrifugation, filtration

53
Q

sample amount of freshly passed diarrheal stool or stool collected in a diaper from young infants that is sufficient and preferred for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus detection

A

five to ten milliliters
5-10 ml

54
Q

Storage temperature for stool and rectal samples

A

4C or -15C (antigen detection and PCR )

55
Q

urine specimen is used for detection of which viruses

A

Detection of CMV, Mumps, Rubella and Measles Virus,
Polyomavirus and Adenovirus

56
Q

improved recovery in urine is found in ___

A

at least 10 ml from clean catch first morning urine

57
Q

since low yield of viruses are found in urine, we collect how many urine sample?

A

2-3 urine sample of 10 ml each

58
Q

sterile body fluids, especially CSF and pericardial and pleural fluids, these specimen is collected by whom

A

physicians and sent to lab for processing

59
Q

interference of urine pH and bacteria may affect viral replication

give the remedy

A
  • Urine is centrifuged or filtered to remove contaminants and neutralizing pH with 7.5% solution of sodium bicarbonate
60
Q

which viruses are can be detected in vesicular lesions of the skin and
mucous membranes.

A

Enteroviruses, HSV, VZV, and in rare cases CMV or pox viruses

61
Q

Once the vesicle has ulcerated or crusted, detection of the virus is
___.

A

difficult

62
Q

collection of specimens from cutaneous vesicles for the Detection of HSV or VZV may require a __ if PCR testing is not available.

herpes simplex virus
varicella zoster virus

A

Tzanck smear

63
Q

__ are prepared by carefully unroofing the
vesicle.

A

Tzanck smears

64
Q

sterile body fluids, especially CSF and pericardial and pleural fluids,
may contain what viruses

A

enteroviruses, HSV, VZV, influenza viruses, or CMV

65
Q

other body fluids Must not be diluted with VTM because

A

it cause false negative results

66
Q

viral culture of blood is primarily used to detect

A

CMV,

but we can still encounter HSV, and VZV, enteroviruses and adenovirus

67
Q

Specimens contaminated with blood may inhibit viral cultivation due to
presence of __

A

antibodies

68
Q

we will be able to find viruses in Amniotic Fluid such as

A

-congenital CMV, VZV and parvovirus B19

69
Q

if there’s a delay in processing for amniotic fluid for viruses such as -congenital CMV, VZV and parvovirus B19

we must store it in

A

: Storage at refrigerated temp for 48hrs or -70°C if long

70
Q

Viral culture of blood is used primarily to detect __

A

CMV

71
Q

Viral culture of blood is used primarily to detect CMV; however, ____occasionally may be encountered

A

HSV, VZV, enteroviruses and adenovirus

72
Q

__ mL of anticoagulated blood collected in a whole blood tube is
needed.

A

5-10

73
Q

for blood viral detection, what anticoagulant is acceptable if the sample collected is to be test for nucleic acid testing

A

EDTA

74
Q

for blood viral detection, what anticoagulant is acceptable if the sample collected is to be test for SEROLOGIC TEST and nucleic acid assays

A

serum

75
Q

___ anticoagulated blood is acceptable for CMV detection.

A

Heparinized, citrated, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

76
Q

___ blood should be used for samples collected for
nucleic acid testing, because other anticoagulants may interfere with the
enzyme functions required for PCR amplification.

A

EDTA and Citrated

77
Q

blood components that may be used for serologic tests and nucleic acid assay

A

Serum

78
Q

for bone marrow specimen, we are using these anticoagulant for culture

A

heparin or edta

79
Q

for bone marrow specimen, we are using these anticoagulant for nucleic acid tetsing

A

edta and acid citrate dextrose

80
Q

this specimen is Useful for detecting viruses that commonly infect the lungs (CMV,
influenza virus, adenovirus, sin nombre virus), brain (HSV), and
gastrointestinal tract (CMV).

A

tissue sample

81
Q

this type of sample is usually Collected during surgical procedures

A

tissue sample

82
Q

type of tissue that is preferred for nucleic acid assays

A

Fresh tissue

83
Q

GENITAL SPECIMENS are used for the detection of

A

herpes simplex virus and HPV

84
Q

Genital swabs should be used for ulcerations and placed in
appropriate viral transport media.

true or false

A

true

85
Q

Cervical specimens may be collected using a __ or __ and
placed in viral transport media.

A

swab or brush

86
Q

__ serum specimens may be needed to detect
antibody to specific viruses.

A

Acute and convalescent

87
Q

__ should be collected as soon as possible after the
appearance of symptoms.

A

Acute specimens

88
Q

Appropriate specimen is __ mL of serum collected by venipuncture.

A

3 to 5

89
Q

the convalescent specimen is collected a minimum of how many weeks after the acute specimen

A

2-3 weeks

90
Q
A

MYCV (14 decks)

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