midterm examGERM TUBE TEST AND SPECIMEN COLLECTION Flashcards by CHARLENE SAN JOSE

what does germ tube test detects?

candida albicans and candida dubliniensis from other candida species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

type of specimen we can use for germ tube test

human or sheep serum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

we are incubating human or sheep serum in what temperature and how many hours

37*C for 2-3 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the alternative for germ tube media

brain heart infusion broth
trypticase soy broth
nutrient broth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

positive result in germ tube test

presence of germ tubes (short hyphal extension arising laterally from the yest cell with NO CONSTRICTION at the point of origin)

mukhang kutsara - positive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

negative result in germ tube test

absence of germ tube - only a budding- presence of pseudohyphae
with constriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

materials needed for germ tube test

tsb
inoculating loop
alcohol lamp
glass slide
cover slip
yeast culture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

procedure

using a sterile inoculating loop, pick a small amount of yeast colony from a culture plate
(3-5 colonies)

suspend the colonies in the TSB (2 tubes)

incubate at 37*C for 2hrs

after incubation place a drop of the incubated mixture on a clean glass slide and cover with cover lsip

examine the slide under the microscope

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how many colonies are suspended on the tsb

3-5 colonies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specimen collection depends on the specific disease syndrome, viral agents suspected, and the time of the year

true or false

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the requisition, the specimen type and suspected virus should be included.

true or false

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Must be collected as early as possible after the onset of symptomatic disease

true or false

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the viral load is highest or at peak on what stage

the first onset of symptomatic disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the collectors must be notified of what type of virus or sample is to be collected to prepare an accurate PPE

t or f

true

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimens for the detection of virus should be collected as early as how many days after the first appearance of symptoms

2 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

this type of swab is not used in collection as it interfere with nucleic acid based test, recover of some enveloped viruses, and fluorescent-antibody test

Calcium alginate swabs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

if we are not allowed to use calcium alginate swab, what are the recommended swabs?

dacron swab
rayon swab
flocked swab

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

this type of swab is made up of polyester fibers that is used during the covid 19 pandemic

flocked swab

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SUCCESSFUL LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS

✓Collection of adequate and appropriate specimens
✓Sufficient documentation
✓Biosafety and decontamination
✓Correct packaging
✓Rapid transport
✓Choice of a laboratory that can accurately
perform the tests
✓Timely communication of results

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specialized medium used to transport and
store viral sample

viral transport medium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

components of VTM

buffering agent
stabilizers
antimicrobial agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

buffering agent of VTM

phosphate-buffered saline
hanks’ balanced salt solution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the phosphate-buffered saline is for __

pH stability and osmotic balance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hanks’ balance salt solution is a mixture of

salts and nutrients

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

stabilizers for VTM

glycerol protein stabilizers

this stabilizer of VTM that is for preservation of viral particles

glycerol

this stabilizer is to stabilize the viral particles

protein stabilizer

example of protein stabilizer

bovine serum albumin

this antimicrobial agent that is for bacteria

gentamicin, penicillin, streptomycin

this antimicrobial agent that is for fungi

amphotericin B

this type of specimen collection are superior to swabs

aspirates

Swabs should be made of

polyester, Dacron, or rayon with plastic or aluminum shafts

swabs are Often are contaminated with bacteria. Contaminants may be removed by concentrating the sample through __

centrifugation

viruses that uses throat swabs

Enteroviruses , Adenoviruses, HSV

viruses that uses Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate

—RSV , Influenza, Parainfluenza

the virus that uses Nasal Specimen to identify

rhinovirus

In THROAT SWAB : POSTERIOR PHARYNGEAL SWAB we are holding the tongue away with __

tongue depressor

in throat swab; posterior pharyngeal swab we locate which areas

Locate areas of inflammation and exudate in posterior pharynx, tonsillar region of throat behind uvula

areas to avoid in throat swab; posterior pharyngeal swab

avoid swabbing soft palate; do not touch tongue buccal mucosa teeth and gums

in NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE we are instilling how many ml of VTM/sterile normal saline into one nostril

1-1.5ml

a process wherein we are inserting silicon catheter in nostril and aspirate the secretion gently by suction in each nostril

NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATE

all respiratory specimens are acceptable for culture of most viruses. However, they are prone to contamination, to remove the contaminants, we can concentrate the sample through

centrifugation of filtration

this type of specimen collection that is for Specimen for detecting viruses that infect the `lower respiratory tract` (Influenza and Adenoviruses)

bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes

in bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes, we ___ to remove contaminating materials

centrifuge

centrifuging bronchial and bronchoalveolar washes to remove contaminants is not necessary if the sample are for what tests

Not necessary if sample are for antigen and nucleic acid testing

RECTAL SWABS AND STOOL are for what viruses

Used to detect Rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and enteroviruses.

many agents of viral gastroenteritis do not grow in cell culture and will require ___

PCR or electron microscopy for detection

Stool sample is preferable for what viruses

preferable for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus testing.

Rectal swabs - acceptable for detecting enteroviruses in patients suspected of having an enteroviral disease, such as __

aseptic meningitis

how to get a rectal swab

insert the rectal swab 3-5 cm into the rectum and rotated against the mucosa to obtain feces

stool sample vs rectal swab, which one is preferred and why

stool sample is preferred, rectal swab has a potential for decreased viral recovery due to its small sample size

Due to bacterial contamination in stool, _____ or both are necessary for cell cultures for the recovery of viral agents

centrifugation, filtration

sample amount of freshly passed diarrheal stool or stool collected in a diaper from young infants that is sufficient and preferred for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus detection

five to ten milliliters 5-10 ml

Storage temperature for stool and rectal samples

4*C or -15*C (antigen detection and PCR )

urine specimen is used for detection of which viruses

Detection of CMV, Mumps, Rubella and Measles Virus, Polyomavirus and Adenovirus

improved recovery in urine is found in ___

at least 10 ml from clean catch first morning urine

since low yield of viruses are found in urine, we collect how many urine sample?

2-3 urine sample of 10 ml each

sterile body fluids, especially CSF and pericardial and pleural fluids, these specimen is collected by whom

physicians and sent to lab for processing

interference of urine pH and bacteria may affect viral replication give the remedy

- Urine is centrifuged or filtered to remove contaminants and neutralizing pH with 7.5% solution of sodium bicarbonate

which viruses are can be detected in vesicular lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.

Enteroviruses, HSV, VZV, and in rare cases CMV or pox viruses

Once the vesicle has ulcerated or crusted, detection of the virus is ___.

difficult

collection of specimens from cutaneous vesicles for the Detection of HSV or VZV may require a __ if PCR testing is not available. herpes simplex virus varicella zoster virus

Tzanck smear

__ are prepared by carefully unroofing the vesicle.

Tzanck smears

sterile body fluids, especially CSF and pericardial and pleural fluids, may contain what viruses

enteroviruses, HSV, VZV, influenza viruses, or CMV

other body fluids Must not be diluted with VTM because

it cause false negative results

viral culture of blood is primarily used to detect

CMV, but we can still encounter HSV, and VZV, enteroviruses and adenovirus

Specimens contaminated with blood may inhibit viral cultivation due to presence of __

antibodies

we will be able to find viruses in Amniotic Fluid such as

-congenital CMV, VZV and parvovirus B19

if there's a delay in processing for amniotic fluid for viruses such as -congenital CMV, VZV and parvovirus B19 we must store it in

: Storage at refrigerated temp for 48hrs or -70°C if long

Viral culture of blood is used primarily to detect __

CMV

Viral culture of blood is used primarily to detect CMV; however, ____occasionally may be encountered

HSV, VZV, enteroviruses and adenovirus

__ mL of anticoagulated blood collected in a whole blood tube is needed.

5-10

for blood viral detection, what anticoagulant is acceptable if the sample collected is to be test for nucleic acid testing

EDTA

for blood viral detection, what anticoagulant is acceptable if the sample collected is to be test for SEROLOGIC TEST and nucleic acid assays

serum

___ anticoagulated blood is acceptable for CMV detection.

Heparinized, citrated, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

___ blood should be used for samples collected for nucleic acid testing, because other anticoagulants may interfere with the enzyme functions required for PCR amplification.

EDTA and Citrated

blood components that may be used for serologic tests and nucleic acid assay

Serum

for bone marrow specimen, we are using these anticoagulant for culture

heparin or edta

for bone marrow specimen, we are using these anticoagulant for nucleic acid tetsing

edta and acid citrate dextrose

this specimen is Useful for detecting viruses that commonly infect the lungs (CMV, influenza virus, adenovirus, sin nombre virus), brain (HSV), and gastrointestinal tract (CMV).

tissue sample

this type of sample is usually Collected during surgical procedures

tissue sample

type of tissue that is preferred for nucleic acid assays

Fresh tissue

GENITAL SPECIMENS are used for the detection of

herpes simplex virus and HPV

Genital swabs should be used for ulcerations and placed in appropriate viral transport media. true or false

true

Cervical specimens may be collected using a __ or __ and placed in viral transport media.

swab or brush

__ serum specimens may be needed to detect antibody to specific viruses.

Acute and convalescent

__ should be collected as soon as possible after the appearance of symptoms.

Acute specimens

Appropriate specimen is __ mL of serum collected by venipuncture.

3 to 5

the convalescent specimen is collected a minimum of how many weeks after the acute specimen

2-3 weeks