Virology Flashcards
1
Q
What is viral recombination?
A
exchange of genes between two chromosomes that have significant base pair homology
2
Q
What is viral reassortment?
A
when viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments
3
Q
What is viral complementation?
A
when two viruses co-infect a cell and one virus contributes a functional protein to the other
4
Q
What are the eight live attenuated viruses?
A
Measles/Mumps/Rubella
Sabin
Smallpox
Yellow fever
varicella
intranasal flu
5
Q
What are the four killed viruses?
A
Rabies
Influenza
Polio
hAv
6
Q
What three nonlinear DNA viruses?
A
papilloma
polyoma
hepadna
7
Q
What are the two polyoma viruses?
A
JC and BK
8
Q
What is the only dsRNA virus?
A
Reoviridae
9
Q
What are the positive stranded RNA viruses?
A
Retro
Toga
Flavi
Corona
Hepevirus
calcivirus
Picornavirus
10
Q
What are the two types of nucleic acid that are infective?
A
dsDNA and (+) ssRNA
11
Q
The dsDNA of which two viruses is not infective?
A
HBV and poxvirus
12
Q
Where do DNA viruses replicate? Except?
A
nucleus
Pox
13
Q
Where do all RNA viruses replicate? Two exceptions?
A
cytoplasm
retro and influenza
14
Q
What are the eight non-enveloped viruses?
A
Papilloma
Adeno
parvo
Polymo
Calvi
Picorna
Reo
Hepeviridae
15
Q
Which virus gains its envelope from the nuclear membrane?
A
Herpes viruses
16
Q
Which are the DNA containing non-enveloped?
A
Papillo
Adeno
Parvo
polymo
17
Q
Which are the RNA containing non-enveloped?
A
calvi
picorna
reo
18
Q
Which are the seven DNA viruses?
A
Hepadna
Herpes
Adeno
Parvo
Pox
papilloma
polymo
19
Q
Which DNA virus contains its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase?
A
Pox
20
Q
Which virus is HHV5?
A
CMV
21
Q
Which virus is HHV6?
A
roseola
22
Q
What are two common presenting symptoms of HHV6?
A
fever for 3-5 days followed by truncal rash
23
Q
Which virus is one of the most common causes of febrile seizure in kids?
A
Roseola
24
Q
Is HBV circular or linear?
A
circular
25
Which DNA virus has reverse transcriptase?
HBV
26
Which virus causes pink eye?
Adeno
27
What is the most common presenting symptom of parvovirus in adults?
arthritis
28
Where does the rubella rash start? Where do it go?
head
down
29
What virus can cause lymphadenopathy in the mother?
Rubella
30
What two locations can Rubella cause lymphadenopathy?
occipital and posterior auricular
31
Is dynein retrograde or anterograde?
retro
32
Cowdry A bodies are indicative of which three viruses?
HSV
CMV
VZV
33
Which virus can cause swelling of the gums?
Herpes
34
How is VZV transmitted?
respiratory secretions
35
Which cell surface receptor does EBV bind?
CD21
36
Ampicillin can cause a rash in people infected with what virus?
EBV
37
What CD molecule is contained on the atypical Tcells on peripheral smear during EBV infection?
CD8
38
Would mononucleosis-like illness caused by CMV be monospot negative or positive?
negative
39
Kaposis sarcoma is a neoplastic proliferation of what cell type?
endothelial
40
What two locations can Kaposi's sarcoma infect other than the skin?
GI and lungs
41
How is roseola transferred?
Saliva
42
What are the four symptoms of Dengue Fever?
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
retro-orbital pain
ecchymoses
43
Which virus causes Herpangina?
Coxsackie A
44
What are the five picornavirus?
Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxsackie
HAV
45
What is the only hepevirus?
HEV
46
What is the only calcivirus?
Noro
47
What are the two retroviruses?
HIV and HTLV
48
What are the four Paramyxoviridae?
Parainfluenza
Mumps/Measles
RSV
49
What are the two Filoviruses?
Ebola and Marburg (hemorrhagic fever)
50
What are the four Bunyaviruses?
California encephalitis
sandfly/rift valley
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever
Hanta
51
Which two picarnoviruses are known to cause aseptic meningitis?
Echo
Coxsackie
52
Where is rhinovirus destroyed?
stomach
53
Which mosquito transmits Yellow Fever?
Aedes
54
What are the three symptoms of Yellow Fever infection?
high fever
black vomitus
jaundice
55
What two viruses are Reoviruses?
Rota and Colti
56
Is granuloma inguinale painful or painless?
painless
57
What is the function of hemagglutinin?
promote viral entry
58
What is the function of neuraminidase?
promote virion release
59
What are the three main presenting symptoms of rubella in the neonate?
PDA/pulmoary stenosis
Cataracts
deafness
60
Is measles an ascending or descending rash?
descending
61
What is used to prevent severe exfoliative dermatitis during a measles infection?
Vitamin A
62
What are the three inflammatory sites of mumps?
Orchitis
Parotiditis
Meningitis
63
Where are the two locations of Negri bodies?
Purkinje cells of cerebellum
hippocampal neurons
64
What receptor does rabies bind?
NAchR
65
What is a mnemonic to remember that HAV and HEV are fecal-oral?
Vowels hit your Bowels
66
Does HBV or HCV incorporate itself into the host virus?
HBV
67
How does HCV cause HCC?
chronic inflammation
68
Which hepatitis is the only DNA containing virus?
HBV
69
What are the two antibodies present in the Window Period?
anti-HBe
anti-HBc
70
Which is higher during viral hepatitis, ALT or AST?
ALT
71
Which hepatitis virus has a polymerase that contains both DNA and RNA activity?
HBV
72
IFN-alpha and what drug for hepatitis B?
Lamivudine
73
IFN-alpha and what drug for hepatitis C?
Ribavirin
74
What is the function of gp120?
binds CD4
75
What is the function of gp41?
fusion and entry
76
Which antibody can cross the placenta during HIV?
anti-gp120
77
CD4 count below what for P. jiroveci?
200
78
CD4 count below what for Toxo?
100
79
CD4 count below what for MAC?
50
80
Which two proteins form the HIV envelope?
gp120 and gp41
81
Which virus has a diploid genome?
diploid
82
How is transmission of HIV from mothers to offpspring diagnosed?
PCR
83
What are the two common locations of Kaposi?
skin and GI tract
84
Where does HIV replicate during the Latent Phase?
Lymph nodes
85
What are the two markers for MAC?
ALP and LDH
86
What temperature can MAC grow at?
41
87
What structure is unique to Candida?
pseudohyphae
88
What is the CD4 count for candida to manifest orally?
400
89
What is the CD4 count for candida to manifest in the esophagus?
100
90
What virus causes hairy leukoplakia?
EBV
91
What kind if proliferation does Bartonella Heneslae produce?
superficial vascular
92
What immune cell invades during Bartonella Heneslae vaccination?
neutrophil
93
Which organism can produce acid fast cysts?
Cryptosporidium parvum
94
What does the CD4 count drop below for Cryptosporidium parvum to mainfest?
95
What immune cell invades during HHV8 vaccination?
lymphocyte
96
Which virus can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised people?
CMV
97
Which two cells does CMV maintain latency in?
monocytes or lymphocytes
98
Name three symptoms of West Nile?
febrile
rash
flaccid paralysis
99
How can the rash between rubella and measles be differentiated?
rubella doesnt effect hands or feet
100
Which virus can cause giant cell pneumonia?
measles
101
Which virus has a polymerase with both DNA and RNA polymerase properties?
HBV
102
Does HBV or HCV causes cirrhosis?
HCV
103
Would newborns have mildly elevated or drastically elevated liver enzymes if prenatally infected with HBV?
mildly
104
Where in the HIV molecule p24 found?
capsid
105
What three genes are found within HIV pol?
reverse transcriptase
integrase
aspartase protease
106
Does HIV reverse transcriptase synthesize ssDNA or dsDNA?
dsDNA
107
Is CCR5 early or late?
early
108
Is CXCR4 early or late?
late
109
Which two GP molecules of HIV undergo constant antigenic variation?
gp120 and gp41
110
Which GP molecule of HIV binds the co-receptor?
gp120
111
Which two picornaviruses do not cause meningitis?
Rhino and HAV
112
What is Phenotypic Mixing?
when two viruses share surface proteins
113
What type of vaccine for Rota virus?
live attenuated
114
What two viruses have recombinant vaccines?
HBV and HPV
115
Which virus can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
adeno
116
What is the largest DNA virus?
pox virus
117
Which lymph nodes are notorious for being infected during Mononucleosis?
posterior cervical
118
Which protein can HHV8 Inactivate?
Rb
119
A second infection of Dengue causing severe symptoms is caused by what?
different serotypes
120
Which two picarnovirus causes aseptic meningitis?
Echo and Coxsackie
121
What are the five Flaviviruses?
HCV
Yellow fever
Dengue
St. Louis Encephalitis
West Nile
122
What are the three Toga viruses?
Rubella
Eastern Equine
Western Equine
123
What are the two Arenaviruses?
Lassa fever
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
124
What animal carries Lassa Fever?
mouse
125
Which virus family does Hantavirus belong to?
Bunya
126
What are symptoms of Hantavirus infection?
pulmonary edema
hypotension
coagulopathy
127
"Owl Eye" inclusions are indicative of what virus?
CMV
128
A large translated polypeptide is indicative of what viral family?
Picorna
129
Which is the only Picornavirus that does not spread Fecally/Orally?
Rhino
130
What zone of the liver is affected by Yellow Fever?
Zone two
131
What causes an epidemic, genetic shift or genetic drift?
drift
132
What causes an pandemic, genetic shift or genetic drift?
shift
133
Where on the body does Rubella produce a rash?
trunk
134
What is the antibody for all Paramyxoviridae? Against what?
Palivizumab
Fusion Protein
135
Does Croup produce an inspiratory or expiratory stridor?
inspiratory
136
What is another name for Measles?
Rubeola
137
Where on the body does Measles begin?
neck and hairline
138
Does Measles effect hands and feet?
yes
139
Does Rubella effect hands and feet?
no
140
HCV displays antigenic variation of what structure?
envelope proteins
141
Why does HCV display such a degree of antigenic variation?
RNA dependent RNA polymerase has no 3'-5' exonuclease activity
142
Which virus is "bullett-shaped"?
rabies
143
Ground Glass cytoplasm is what hepatitis virus?
HBV
144
Lymphoid Aggregates is indicative of which hepatitis virus?
HCV
145
What is super-infection?
same time
146
What is CO-infection?
different times
147
Which hepatitis virus has a polymerase with DNA and RNA polymerase activities?
HBV
148
Regarding HBV, does the host or virus polymerase complete the dsDNA molecule?
virus
149
Regarding HBV, does the host or virus polymerase complete the mRNA molecule?
host
150
What type of drug is Lamivudine?
NRTI
151
Which two proteins of HIV form the envelope?
gp120
gp41
152
What is the HIV Matrix Protein?
gp17
153
Which protein of HIV is the first to rise in an infection?
P24
154
HIV testing results in false negatives during which months?
1-2 months
155
Is CCR5 on Tcells or macrophages?
macrophages
156
Is CXCR4 on Tcells or macrophages?
Tcells
157
What are the two events for the early infective period of HIV?
wide dissemination of virus
seeding of lymphoid organs
158
What are the two infectious sources of RIng Enhancing Lesions?
Toxo
EBV lymphoma
159
What brain tumor can produce a ring enhancing lesion?
GBM
160
Which is glycosylated, gp160 or gp120 or gp41?
gp160
161
Which elevates transaminases more, HBV or HCV?
HBV
162
Does HbsAg appear before or after the onset of symptoms?
before
163
What produces hemoptysis, Aspergillus or P. jirovecii?
Aspergillus
