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First Aid > Behavioral Science > Flashcards

Behavioral Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study?

A

to collect data from a group of people at a particular point in time

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2
Q

What does a cross-sectional study assess?

A

frequency of disease

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3
Q

What does a cross-sectional study report?

A

prevalence

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a case control study?

A

compares a group of people with a disease to a group of people w/o the disease

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5
Q

What does a case control study report?

A

odds ratio

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6
Q

What is the function of a cohort study?

A

compares a group of people with an exposure to a group of people w/o an exposure

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7
Q

What does a cohort report?

A

relative risk

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8
Q

What is the function of a Phase One study?

A

is it safe

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9
Q

What is the function of a Phase Two study?

A

Does it work

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10
Q

What is the function of a Phase Three study?

A

does the drug work better than the current gold standard

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11
Q

What is the function of a Phase Four study?

A

long term safety

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12
Q

What is the equation for sensitivity?

A

TP/ TP + FN

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13
Q

What is the equation for specificity?

A

TN / TN + FP

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14
Q

What is the equation for Positive Predictive Value?

A

TP/TP + FP

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15
Q

What is the equation for Negative Predictive Value?

A

TN/TN + FN

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16
Q

What two things does Positive Predictive Value correlate with?

A

prevalence or pre-test probability

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17
Q

What does NPV inversely correlate with?

A

prevalence

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18
Q

If there is less overlap between to normal distributions, is the test more or less sensitive/specific?

A

more sensitive and specific

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19
Q

If there is more overlap between to normal distributions, is the test more or less sensitive/specific?

A

less sensitive and specific

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20
Q

What is a Type One error?

A

seeing a difference when there is no difference

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21
Q

What is a Type Two error?

A

not seeing a difference when there is one

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22
Q

Does alpha correspond to Type One of Type Two?

A

one

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23
Q

Does beta correspond to Type One of Type Two?

A

two

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24
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

1- beta

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25
Q

What is another name for reliable?

A

precise

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26
Q

What is the equation for odds ratio?

A

AD/BC

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27
Q

What is the equation for Relative Risk?

A

[A/(A+B)]/C/(C+D)]

28
Q

What does Relative Risk measure?

A

risk of developing disease in exposed group to unexposed group

29
Q

What is the equation for Attributable Risk?

A

(A/A+B) - (C/C+D)

30
Q

What is the equation for NNT?

A

1/ARR

31
Q

What is the equation for Number Needed to Harm?

A

1/AR

32
Q

What is External Validity?

A

extent to which a study is applicable to a population other than the study

33
Q

What is Hawthorne Bias?

A

subjects change behavior because they know they are being studied

34
Q

What is Berkson Bias?

A

a study only looks at inpatients

35
Q

What is Recall Bias?

A

awareness of disease alters recall

36
Q

What is procedure bias?

A

subjects in treatment groups are not treated the same

37
Q

What is Observer-Expectant bias?

A

observer expects a study will work so they document that it works

38
Q

What is another name for Observer Expectant Bias?

A

Pygmalion effect

39
Q

What is Confounding Bias?

A

when a factor is related to both exposure and outcome

40
Q

What is lead-time bias?

A

early detection is confused with increased survival

41
Q

One standard deviation captures what percentage of the population?

A

68%

42
Q

Two standard deviation captures what percentage of the population?

A

95%

43
Q

Thre standard deviation captures what percentage of the population?

A

99.7%

44
Q

What is the order of mean, median and mode for a positive skew?

A

mean > median > mode

45
Q

What is the order of mean, median and mode for a negative skew?

A

mean

46
Q

What does a meta-analysis increase?

A

statistical power

47
Q

What is the Z-score for 99th percentile?

A

2.58

48
Q

What does a t-test look for?

A

difference in means between two groups

49
Q

What does a ANOVA look for?

A

differences between means of 3 or more groups

50
Q

What does Tertiary prevention do?

A

treat

51
Q

What is beneficence?

A

act in patients best interest

52
Q

What is nonmaleficence?

A

do no harm

53
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance

Pulse

Grimace

Activity

Respiration

54
Q

Low birth weight is below what value?

A
55
Q

How old does a social smile develop?

A

two months

56
Q

How old does stranger anxiety develop?

A

6 months

57
Q

How old does separation anxiety develop?

A

9 months

58
Q

When should Moro reflex disappear?

A

three months

59
Q

When should Rooting reflex disappear?

A

four months

60
Q

When should Palmer reflex disappear?

A

six months

61
Q

When should Babinski reflex disappear?

A

twelve months

62
Q

Do elderly have more or less REM sleep?

A

less

63
Q

Do elderly have more or less Slow Wave sleep?

A

less

64
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

high-frequency hearing loss

65
Q

What gets destroyed during Presbycusis?

A

hair cells

66
Q

Where are the hair cells destroyed during Presbycusis?

A

cochlear base

First Aid (21 decks)

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