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FA Review > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What is viral recombination?

A

exchange of gene between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology

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2
Q

What is viral reassortment?

A

When viruses with segmented genomes exchange segments

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3
Q

What is virla complementations?

A

When 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein, and the non mutated virus “complements” the mutated one by providing genes for it

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4
Q

What is viral phenotype mixing?

A

Simultaneous infx of a cell with 2 viruses, and the surface proteins get swapped (thus gene + proteins different)

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5
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: Smallpox

A

Live attenuated

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6
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: yellow fever

A

Live attenuated

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7
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: rabies

A

Killed

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8
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: injected flu

A

killed

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9
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: intranasal flu

A

Live attenuated

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10
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: sabin

A

Live attenuated

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11
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: MMR

A

Live attenuated

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12
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: salk polio

A

Live attenuated

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13
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: hep A vaccine

A

Killed

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14
Q

Live attenuated, killed, or recombinant: HBV

A

recombinant

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15
Q

What are the strains of HPV that the vaccine protects against?

A

6
11
16
18

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16
Q

What is the only ssDNA virus?

A

Parvovirus

except “part of us”

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17
Q

What is the only dsRNA virus?

A

Reoviridae

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18
Q

What are the 6 +ssRNA viruses?

A

I went to a RETRO TOGA part where I drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HEPE CALIfornia PICkles

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19
Q

Which type of ssRNA viruses need to encode an enzyme in order to be infectious (- or +)?

A

negative

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20
Q

Where in the cell do DNA viruses replicate?

A

nucleus (except pox virus)

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21
Q

Where in the cell do RNA viruses replicate?

A

Cytoplasm (except flu and retro)

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22
Q

What are the viruses that are naked (nonenveloped)?

A 
Papilloma
Adeno
Parvo
Polymarvirus
Calicivirus
Picornavirus
reovirus
Hepevirus

(“give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy”)

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23
Q

What are the DNA viruses (HHAPPPPy)?

A 
Hepadena
Herpes
Adeno
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyma
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24
Q

What is the only DNA virus that does not replicated in the nucleus?

A

Pox

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25
Q

What is the only DNA virus that does not have an icosahedral shape?

A

Pox

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26
Q

What is the genetic makeup of herpesviruses? Enveloped?

A

ds, and enveloped

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27
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes oral lesions?

A

HSV 1

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28
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes genital lesions

A

HSV 2

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29
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes chickenpox?

A

HSV 3 (VZV)

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30
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes mono and Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

HHV4 (EBV)

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31
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes AIDS retinitis?

A

HHV5

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32
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes roseola (exanthema subitum)?

A

HHV6 (or HHV7)

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33
Q

What is the serotype of herpes that causes kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV8

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34
Q

What are the symptoms of roseola (sixth disease)?

A

transient fever and centrifugal spreading rash

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35
Q

What is the genetic makeup of hepadnavirus? Enveloped?

A

DS, enveloped

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36
Q

What is the genetic makeup of Adenovirus? Enveloped?

A

non enveloped, Ds

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37
Q

What is the genetic makeup of parvovirus? Enveloped?

A

-ssDNA, non-enveloped

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38
Q

What is the genetic makeup of papillomavirus? Enveloped?

A

dsDNA, nonenveloped

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39
Q

What is the genetic makeup of polyomavirus? Enveloped?

A

dsDNA, non-enveloped

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40
Q

What is the genetic makeup of poxvirus? Enveloped?

A

enveloped, dsDNA

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41
Q

B19 parvovirus = ?

A

Fifth’s disease (erythema infectiosum or slapped cheek syndrome)

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42
Q

What are the serotypes of HPV that cause genital warts?

A

1
2
6
11

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43
Q

What is the serotype of polymavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?

A

JC (junky cerebrum)

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44
Q

What is the serotype of polymavirus that causes kidney disease?

A

BK (bad kidney)

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45
Q

What is the virus type that causes conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus

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46
Q

What is the virus type that causes febrile pharyngitis?

A

Adenovirus

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47
Q

What is the virus type that causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus

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48
Q

What is the serotype of HSV that causes temporal lobe encephalitis?

A

HSV 1

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49
Q

CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a member of which virus family? Which serotype?

A

HSV5

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50
Q

Owl-eye inclusions on light microscopy = ?

A

CMV

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51
Q

Tzanck test, tests for what virus?

A

HSV2

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52
Q

What is the genetic makeup of reoviruses? Enveloped?

A

dsRNA, not enveloped

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53
Q

What is the genetic makeup of picornaviruses? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, non-enveloped

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54
Q

What is the genetic makeup of hepeviruses? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, non-enveloped

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55
Q

What is the genetic makeup of caliciviruses? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, nonenveloped

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56
Q

What is the genetic makeup of flaviviruses? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped

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57
Q

What is the genetic makeup of togavirus? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped

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58
Q

What is the genetic makeup of retroviridae? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped

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59
Q

What is the genetic makeup of coronaviruses? Enveloped?

A

+ssRNA, enveloped

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60
Q

What is the genetic makeup of orthomyxoviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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61
Q

What is the genetic makeup of paramyxoviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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62
Q

What is the genetic makeup of rhabdoviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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63
Q

What is the genetic makeup of filoviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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64
Q

What is the genetic makeup of arenaviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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65
Q

What is the genetic makeup of bunyaviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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66
Q

What is the genetic makeup of deltaviruses? Enveloped?

A

-ssRNA, enveloped

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67
Q

What disease does rotavirus cause? What virus family?

A

pediatric diarrhea, reoviridae

68
Q

What virus causes colorado tick fever? Which family?

A

Coltivirus–reoviridae

69
Q

What is the virus family of Hep E?

A

hepeviridae

70
Q

What disease does norovirus cause? Virus family?

A

Viral gastroenteritis–caliciviridae

71
Q

What virus family is yellow fever?

A

flavivirus

72
Q

What virus family is HCV?

A

Flavivirus

73
Q

What virus family is dengue fever?

A

flavi

74
Q

What virus family is st. louis encephalitis?”

A

flavi

75
Q

What virus family is West Nile?

A

flavivirus

76
Q

What virus family is Rubella?

A

Togavirus

77
Q

What virus family is eastern and western equine viruses?

A

Togaviridae

78
Q

What is the viral cause of the common cold?

A

Coronavirus or rhinovirus

79
Q

What virus family is the influenza virus from?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

80
Q

What is the causative agent of croup? What virus family?

A

parainfluenza from paramyxoviridae

81
Q

What virus family is RSV from?

A

Paramyxoviridae

82
Q

What virus family are measles and mumps from?

A

Paramyxoviridae

83
Q

Ebola virus is from which family?

A

Filoviridae

84
Q

LCMV is from which viral family?

A

Arenaviridae

85
Q

Hantavirus is from which viral family?

A

Bunyaviridae

86
Q

What are the two types of diseases that hantavirus causes? What is the vector?

A

Pulmonary
Hemorrhagic fever

Rodents

87
Q

What is the virus family for Hepatitis D? What is special about this virus?

A

Delta virus
Needs Hep B co infection for surface antigens
(“hep D is a Defective Deltavirus)

88
Q

What are all of the -ssRNA viruses (note that all need reverse RNA pol to replicate)

A 
Arena
Bunyavirus
Paramyxo
Ortho
Filo
Rhabdo

(“always bring polymerase or fail replication”)

89
Q

What are the four segmented viruses (BOAR)?

A

Bunya
Ortho
Arena
Reo

90
Q

What virus family is polio a part of?

A

Picornavirus

91
Q

What virus family is echovirus a part of?

A

picornavirus

92
Q

What virus family is rhinovirus from?

A

Picrona

93
Q

What virus family is coxsackievirus a part of?

A

Picorna

94
Q

What virus family is HAV (acute viral hepatitis) a part of?

A

Picorna

95
Q

What is the only hepatitis virus that we do not have a vaccine for?

A

C (D is covered by B)

96
Q

What are the five viruses of the picornaviridae family?

A

PERCH

Polio
Echo
Rhino
Coxsackie
Hep A
97
Q

What family is the yellow fever virus a part of?

A

Flavi (flavi = L. for yellow, like flava flav)

98
Q

What is the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis (which virus)?

A

Rotavirus (ROTA = Right Out The Anus)

99
Q

H#N# coding for the flu specifies what?

A

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase type

100
Q

Which causes pandemics: flu virus genetic shifts/antigenic changes, or genetic drift? Which causes epidemics?

A

Pandemics = genetic shifts
Epidemics = genetic drift
(“Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift)

101
Q

German measles is also known as what?

A

Rubella

102
Q

Blueberry muffin baby = infected with which virus?

A

Rubella

103
Q

What is the protein on paramyxoviruses that allows them to fuse with cells? What is the medication that is directed against this?

A

F protein–Palivizumab

104
Q

Koplik spots = ?

A

Prodrome for measles

105
Q

What are the three Cs of measles?

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

106
Q

The measles virus is a part of which virus family?

A

Paramyxo

107
Q

MMR: name the virus families of each.

A

Para
Para
Toga

108
Q

What are the three major symptoms of mumps?

A

Parotid gland swelling
Orchitis
Meningitis

109
Q

Bullet shaped virus with negri bodies = ?

A

rabies

110
Q

Macular rash that spreads downward and onto the limbs = ?

A

Measles

111
Q

What family is the hep A virus from?

A

Picornavirus

112
Q

What family is the hep B virus from?

A

hepadnavirus

113
Q

What family is the hep C virus from?

A

Flavivirus

114
Q

What family is the hep D virus from?

A

Delta

115
Q

What family is the hep E virus from?

A

Hepevirus

116
Q

Which hepatitis strains do not have carriers?

A

A and E

117
Q

Which hepatitis viruses have a risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

B, C, and D

118
Q

What are the usual symptoms of infection with Hep A (if any)?

A

usually asymptomatic

119
Q

What are the usual symptoms of infection with Hep C (if any)?

A

Cirrhosis, carcinoma, carrier

120
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute infx of any of the hepatitis viruses?

A

Jaundice, increased LFTs

121
Q

What are the two hepatitis viruses that have a fecal to oral transmission?

A

A and E(the vowels hit your bowels)

122
Q

What is the best marker for active Hep A?

A

IgM antibodies

123
Q

What is the best marker for chronic Hep A?

A

IgG antibodies

124
Q

What is the marker for an active hep B infection?

A

HBaAg (antigen of HBV virus)

125
Q

What is the marker used to test for immunity to Hep B?

A

Anti Hep Bs(urface antigen)

126
Q

What is the antigen associated with the core of HBV?

A

HBcAg

127
Q

What does HBeAg indicate?

A

Active viral replication and therefore high transmissibility

128
Q

ALT > AST in alcoholics or in viral hepatitis?

A

Viral hepatitis

129
Q

AST > ALT in alcoholics or in viral hepatitis?

A

Alcoholics

130
Q

HBsAg + HBeAg + IgM to HBc = acute, window period, chronic HBV, recovery, or immunized?

A

Acute

131
Q

AntiHBe + IGM to HBc = acute, window period, chronic HBV, recovery, or immunized?

A

Window

132
Q

HBsAg + HBeAg + IgG to HBc = acute, window period, chronic HBV, recovery, or immunized?

A

Chronic (high infectivity)

133
Q

What marker distinguishes high infectivity, chronic hepatitis, from low infectivity?

A

HBeAg

134
Q

Anti-HBs + anti-HBe + IgG = acute, window period, chronic HBV, recovery, or immunized?

A

Recovery

135
Q

Anti HBs = acute, window period, chronic HBV, recovery, or immunized?

A

Immunized

136
Q

What distinguishes an immunized person for hep B vs one that is infected?

A

Immunized ONLY has anti HBs

137
Q

What is the docking protein for HIV?

A

gp120

138
Q

What is the fusion protein for HIV?

A

gp41

139
Q

What is the genetic makeup of HIV?

A

ssRNA (retroviridae)

140
Q

What is the surface antigen the HIV binds to initially? Later? (CCR5 or CXCR4)?

A 
CCR5 = Early
CXCR4 = late
141
Q

Homozygous mutation of (CCR5 or CXCR4) results in immunity to HIV.

A

CCR5

142
Q

What is the first test for HIV? Is this highly sensitive, specific, or both?

A

ELISA for antibodies–highly sensitive

143
Q

What is the second step to confirm HIV after a positive ELISA?

A

Western Blot–highly specific

144
Q

What is the marker used to distinguish between HIV vs progression to AIDS?

A

CD4 count below 200 cell/mm^3

145
Q

What are the four stages of untreated HIV infection?

A

Flu-like
Fine
Falling CD4 count
Final crises

146
Q

HIV pt with low grade fever + cough + hepatosplenomegaly + tongue ulcer + yeast cells within macrophages= infection with what fungi?

A

Histoplasma

147
Q

HIV pt with fluffy white cottage cheese lesions on skin that form pseudohyphae = infection with what fungi?

A

candida albicans

148
Q

HIV pt that has hairy leukoplakia = infection with which virus?

A

EBV

149
Q

HIV pt with superficial vascular proliferation with PMN infiltration = what bacterial infection?

A

Bartonella henselae

150
Q

What is the causative agent of cat scratch fever?

A

bartonella henselae

151
Q

HIV pt with diarrhea from a parasite = ?

A

Cryptosporidium

152
Q

Neurologic abscesses in an HIV pt = ?

A

Toxoplasmosis

153
Q

Cotton wool spots on fundoscopic exam of HIV pt = ?

A

CMV infection

154
Q

What is the common cause of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma in HIV pts?

A

EBV

155
Q

What is the cause of primary CNS lymphoma in HIV pts?

A

EBV

156
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma around the anus of an HIV pt = ?

A

HPV

157
Q

What is the causative agent of kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV8

158
Q

Intranuclear owl eye inclusion bodies in an AIDS pt with interstitial pneumonia = ?

A

CMV

159
Q

AIDS pt with pleuritic pain + hemoptysis + infiltrates on CXR may have infection with what fungi?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

160
Q

ground glass appearance on imaging of the chest = ?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

161
Q

What is the protein change that occurs with prion diseases?

A

from an alpha helical protein to a beta-pleated sheet (PrP^c to PrP^sc)

162
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for the skin?

A

Staph epidermidis

163
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for the nose?

A

Staph epidermidis or staph aureus

164
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for the oropharynx?

A

Strep viridans

165
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for dental plaque?

A

Strep mutans

166
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for the colon?

A

B. fragilis or e.coli

167
Q

What is the normal, dominant flora for the vagina?

A

Lactobacillus

FA Review (22 decks)

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