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FA Review > Endocrine Pharmacology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three rapid acting insulins?

A

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
“There is no LAG with rapid insulin”

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2
Q

What is the major intermediate acting insulin?

A

NPH

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3
Q

What are the two long acting insulins?

A

Glargine

Detemir

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4
Q

What is the advantage of long acting insulins?

A

There is no peak–stary increase and decreased

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5
Q

What is the one biguanide used for DM II?

A

Metformin

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6
Q

What is the MOA metformin?

A

Unknown, but decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and increases insulin sensitivity

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7
Q

What is the major side effect of metformin?

A

Lactic acidosis

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8
Q

What are the two first generation sulfonylureas?

A

Tolbutamide

Chlorpropamide

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9
Q

What are the three second generation sulfonylureas?

A

Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glipizide

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10
Q

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glyburide?

A

Sulfonylurea for DM II

hypoglycemia

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11
Q

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glimepiride?

A

Sulfonylurea for DM II

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glipizide?

A

Sulfonylurea for DM II

Hypoglycemia

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13
Q

What is the general MOA of sulfonylureas?

A

Closes K channels in beta cells, causing an influx of Ca, and release of insulin

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14
Q

What is the side effect of first generation sulfonylureas? Second generation?

A

First =Disulfiram like effects

Second = hypoglycemia

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15
Q

What are the two glitazones/thiazolidinediones?

A

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

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16
Q

What is the MOA of pioglitazone? Side effects?

A

binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity

Weight gain, hepatotoxic

17
Q

What is the MOA of Rosiglitazone? Side effects?

A

binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity

Weight gain, hepatotoxic

18
Q

What are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and what is their MOA? Side effects?

A

Acarbose
Miglitol

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

Diarrhea

19
Q

What is the MOA of acarbose?

A

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

20
Q

What is the MOA of Miglitol?

A

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

21
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of pramlintide?

A

DM I and II
Decreases gastric emptying and glucagon
Hypoglycemia

22
Q

What is the amylin analog drug used in the treatment of DM?

A

Pramlintide

23
Q

What are the two GLP-1 analogs used in the treatment of DM? MOA?

A

Exenatide
Liraglutide

-Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

24
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of exenatide?

A
  • DM II
  • Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
  • n/v pancreatitis
25
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Liraglutide?

A
  • DM II
  • Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
  • n/v pancreatitis
26
Q

What are the three DPP-4 inhibitors used in the treatment of DM? MOA?

A

Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Sitagliptin

Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

27
Q

-“gliptin” suffix indicates what drug type? Use? MOA?

A

DPP-4 inhibitors for DM II

Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

28
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Propylthiouracil (PTU)?

A
  • Treats hyperthyroidism
  • Blocks thyroid peroxidase and peripheral conversion of T3 to T4
  • agranulocytosis
29
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Methimazole?

A
  • Treats hyperthyroidism
  • Blocks thyroid peroxidase
  • agranulocytosis
30
Q

What is synthetic T3 called? T4?

A

T3 = triiodothyronine

T4 - levothyroxine

31
Q

What is the treatment for GH deficiency? What other disease is this used in?

A

Synthetic GH

Turner’s syndrome (XO)

32
Q

What is the somatostatin analog used in the treatment of GH excess?

A

Octreotide

33
Q

What is the synthetic ADH hormone called?

A

desmopressin (DDAVP)

34
Q

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Demeclocycline?

A
  • ADH antagonist for SIADH

- Nephrogenic DI = side effect

35
Q

What is the synthetic aldosterone analog?

A

Fludrocortisone

36
Q

How do glucocorticoids mediate their anti-inflammatory effects?

A

Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB

FA Review (22 decks)

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