Endocrine Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the three rapid acting insulins?

Answer 1

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
“There is no LAG with rapid insulin”

Question 2

What is the major intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 2

NPH

Question 3

What are the two long acting insulins?

Answer 3

Glargine

Detemir

Question 4

What is the advantage of long acting insulins?

Answer 4

There is no peak–stary increase and decreased

Question 5

What is the one biguanide used for DM II?

Answer 5

Metformin

Question 6

What is the MOA metformin?

Answer 6

Unknown, but decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and increases insulin sensitivity

Question 7

What is the major side effect of metformin?

Answer 7

Lactic acidosis

Question 8

What are the two first generation sulfonylureas?

Answer 8

Tolbutamide

Chlorpropamide

Question 9

What are the three second generation sulfonylureas?

Answer 9

Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glipizide

Question 10

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glyburide?

Answer 10

Sulfonylurea for DM II

hypoglycemia

Question 11

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glimepiride?

Answer 11

Sulfonylurea for DM II

Hypoglycemia

Question 12

What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glipizide?

Answer 12

Sulfonylurea for DM II

Hypoglycemia

Question 13

What is the general MOA of sulfonylureas?

Answer 13

Closes K channels in beta cells, causing an influx of Ca, and release of insulin

Question 14

What is the side effect of first generation sulfonylureas? Second generation?

Answer 14

First =Disulfiram like effects

Second = hypoglycemia

Question 15

What are the two glitazones/thiazolidinediones?

Answer 15

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Question 16

What is the MOA of pioglitazone? Side effects?

Answer 16

binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity

Weight gain, hepatotoxic

Question 17

What is the MOA of Rosiglitazone? Side effects?

Answer 17

binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity

Weight gain, hepatotoxic

Question 18

What are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and what is their MOA? Side effects?

Answer 18

Acarbose
Miglitol

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

Diarrhea

Question 19

What is the MOA of acarbose?

Answer 19

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

Question 20

What is the MOA of Miglitol?

Answer 20

Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases

Question 21

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of pramlintide?

Answer 21

DM I and II
Decreases gastric emptying and glucagon
Hypoglycemia

Question 22

What is the amylin analog drug used in the treatment of DM?

Answer 22

Pramlintide

Question 23

What are the two GLP-1 analogs used in the treatment of DM? MOA?

Answer 23

Exenatide
Liraglutide

-Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

Question 24

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of exenatide?

Answer 24

• DM II
• Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
• n/v pancreatitis

Question 25

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Liraglutide?

Answer 25

- DM II - Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release - n/v pancreatitis

Question 26

What are the three DPP-4 inhibitors used in the treatment of DM? MOA?

Answer 26

Linagliptin Saxagliptin Sitagliptin Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

Question 27

-"gliptin" suffix indicates what drug type? Use? MOA?

Answer 27

DPP-4 inhibitors for DM II Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release

Question 28

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Propylthiouracil (PTU)?

Answer 28

- Treats hyperthyroidism - Blocks thyroid peroxidase and peripheral conversion of T3 to T4 - agranulocytosis

Question 29

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Methimazole?

Answer 29

- Treats hyperthyroidism - Blocks thyroid peroxidase - agranulocytosis

Question 30

What is synthetic T3 called? T4?

Answer 30

T3 = triiodothyronine | T4 - levothyroxine

Question 31

What is the treatment for GH deficiency? What other disease is this used in?

Answer 31

Synthetic GH | Turner's syndrome (XO)

Question 32

What is the somatostatin analog used in the treatment of GH excess?

Answer 32

Octreotide

Question 33

What is the synthetic ADH hormone called?

Answer 33

desmopressin (DDAVP)

Question 34

What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Demeclocycline?

Answer 34

- ADH antagonist for SIADH | - Nephrogenic DI = side effect

Question 35

What is the synthetic aldosterone analog?

Answer 35

Fludrocortisone

Question 36

How do glucocorticoids mediate their anti-inflammatory effects?

Answer 36

Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB