Endocrine Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the three rapid acting insulins?
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
“There is no LAG with rapid insulin”
What is the major intermediate acting insulin?
NPH
What are the two long acting insulins?
Glargine
Detemir
What is the advantage of long acting insulins?
There is no peak–stary increase and decreased
What is the one biguanide used for DM II?
Metformin
What is the MOA metformin?
Unknown, but decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and increases insulin sensitivity
What is the major side effect of metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What are the two first generation sulfonylureas?
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
What are the three second generation sulfonylureas?
Glyburide
Glimepiride
Glipizide
What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glyburide?
Sulfonylurea for DM II
hypoglycemia
What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glimepiride?
Sulfonylurea for DM II
Hypoglycemia
What is the use, MOA and side effects of Glipizide?
Sulfonylurea for DM II
Hypoglycemia
What is the general MOA of sulfonylureas?
Closes K channels in beta cells, causing an influx of Ca, and release of insulin
What is the side effect of first generation sulfonylureas? Second generation?
First =Disulfiram like effects
Second = hypoglycemia
What are the two glitazones/thiazolidinediones?
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
What is the MOA of pioglitazone? Side effects?
binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity
Weight gain, hepatotoxic
What is the MOA of Rosiglitazone? Side effects?
binds to PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity
Weight gain, hepatotoxic
What are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and what is their MOA? Side effects?
Acarbose
Miglitol
Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases
Diarrhea
What is the MOA of acarbose?
Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases
What is the MOA of Miglitol?
Inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of pramlintide?
DM I and II
Decreases gastric emptying and glucagon
Hypoglycemia
What is the amylin analog drug used in the treatment of DM?
Pramlintide
What are the two GLP-1 analogs used in the treatment of DM? MOA?
Exenatide
Liraglutide
-Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of exenatide?
- DM II
- Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
- n/v pancreatitis
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Liraglutide?
- DM II
- Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
- n/v pancreatitis
What are the three DPP-4 inhibitors used in the treatment of DM? MOA?
Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Sitagliptin
Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
-“gliptin” suffix indicates what drug type? Use? MOA?
DPP-4 inhibitors for DM II
Increases insulin, decreases glucagon release
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Propylthiouracil (PTU)?
- Treats hyperthyroidism
- Blocks thyroid peroxidase and peripheral conversion of T3 to T4
- agranulocytosis
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Methimazole?
- Treats hyperthyroidism
- Blocks thyroid peroxidase
- agranulocytosis
What is synthetic T3 called? T4?
T3 = triiodothyronine
T4 - levothyroxine
What is the treatment for GH deficiency? What other disease is this used in?
Synthetic GH
Turner’s syndrome (XO)
What is the somatostatin analog used in the treatment of GH excess?
Octreotide
What is the synthetic ADH hormone called?
desmopressin (DDAVP)
What is the use, MOA, and side effects of Demeclocycline?
- ADH antagonist for SIADH
- Nephrogenic DI = side effect
What is the synthetic aldosterone analog?
Fludrocortisone
How do glucocorticoids mediate their anti-inflammatory effects?
Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB
