Hypersensitivities and autoimmune diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: autoimmune hemolytic anemia
A
II
2
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: pernicious anemia
A
II
3
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity:contact dermatitis
A
IV
4
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity:PPD test
A
IV
5
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity:serums sickness
A
III
6
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity:SLE
A
III
7
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity:MS
A
IV
8
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: Guillan-Barre syndrome
A
IV
9
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: GVD
A
IV
10
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: polyarteritis nodosa
A
III
11
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
A
II
12
Q
Which type of hypersensitivity: acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
A
II
13
Q
Anti ACh antibody = what disease?
A
Myasthenia gravis
14
Q
Anti basement membrane antibody = what disease?
A
Goodpasture syndrome
15
Q
Anti-cardiolipin, antibody = what disease?
A
SLE
16
Q
Anti-centromere antibody = what disease?
A
CREST syndrome
17
Q
Anti-desmoglein antibody = what disease?
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
18
Q
Anti-dsDNA (anti-smith) antibody = what disease?
A
SLE
19
Q
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase antibody = what disease?
A
DM I
20
Q
Anti-hemidesmosome antibody = what disease?
A
Bullous pemphigoid
21
Q
Anti histone antibody = what disease?
A
Drug-induced lupus
22
Q
Anti Jo1, SRP, Mi2 antibody = what disease?
A
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
23
Q
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin antibody = what disease?
A
Hashimoto thyroiditis
24
Q
Antimitochondrial antibody = what disease?
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis
25
Antinuclear antibody = what disease?
SLE
26
Anti scl-70 antibody = what disease?
Diffuse scleroderma
27
Anti-smooth muscle antibody = what disease?
Autoimmune hepatitis
28
Anti-SSA/SSB (ro and la) antibody = what disease?
Sjogren's disease
29
Anti-TSH antibody = what disease?
Graves disease
30
Anti U1 RNP antibody = what disease?
mixed CT disease
31
c-ANCA PR3-ANCA antibody = what disease?
Granulomatosis
32
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase = what disease?
Celiac
33
p-ANCA = what disease?
Microscopic polyangiitis
34
Rheumatoid factor = what disease?
RA
35
Lack of T cells predisposes pts to what condition?
Sepsis
36
Deficiencies in B cells predispose pts to infections with what bacteria?
```
Strep pneumoniae
HIB
N. meningitidis
E.Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Strep B
```
(SHiNE SKiS) = encapsulated bacteria
37
No complement predisposes pts to infection with what bacteria?
Neisseria
38
Granulocyte deficiencies predisposes pts to infections with what four bacteria?
Staph
Burkholderia
Serratia
Nocardia
39
A B cell deficiency predisposes pts to what viral infection?
Enteroviral encephalitis
40
A T cell deficiency predisposes pts to what viral infections?
EBV
CMV
JCV
VZV
41
A B cell deficiency predisposes pts to what fungal/parasitic infections?
Giardiasis
42
A T cell deficiency predisposes pts to what viral infection?
Candida
| PCP
43
What is the disease where there is a defect in BTK, a tyrosine kinase, causing a lack of B cell maturation?
X-linked agammaglobinemia
44
When do symptoms of X-linked agammaglobinemia present?
Around 6 months of life, after maternal antibodies disappear
45
What is the most common immunodeficiency?
Selective IgA deficiency
46
What is the disease where there is a defect in B cell differentiation, with decreased plasma cells and immunoglobin?
Common variable immunodeficiency
47
DiGeorge syndrome is caused by what chromosome deletion?
22q11
48
IL-12 receptor deficiency results in what? Symptoms?
Decreased Th1 response--recurrent disseminated mycobacterial and fungal infections
49
Decreased T cells, PTH, Ca, and absent thymic shadow on x-ray = which disease?
DiGeorge syndrome
50
What is the defect in hyper IgE syndrome?
Th17 cells d/t STAT3 mutation
51
Coarse facies + cold abscesses + retained primary teeth + increased IgE + Derm problems = ? (FATED)
Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome)
52
What is the defect involved in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis? Symptoms?
T cell dysfunction
| Chronic candida infections
53
Absent T cell proliferation in response to candida infection = what disease?
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
54
defective IL-2R or adenosine deaminase deficiency leads to what disease?
SCID
55
What are the symptoms of SCID?
Failure to thrive, diarrhea, thrush etc
56
What is the treatment for SCID?
Bone marrow transplant
57
Decreased T cell receptor excision circles and absence of thymic shadow on CXR =?
SCID
58
What is the defect involved in ataxia-telangiectasia?
Defect in ATM gene (required for repairing double stranded DNA breaks)
59
Cerebellar defects (ataxia) + spider angiomas + IgA, IgG + IgE deficiency = ?
Ataxia-telangiectasia
60
What is the ATM gene involved in ataxia-telangiectasia responsible for?
Repairing double stranded breaks in DNA
61
What is the defect involved in hyper-IgM syndrome?
Defective CD40L gene on Th cells
62
Defective CD40L on B cells leads to what disease?
Hyper IgM syndrome
63
What is the defect involved in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
Mutation in WAS gene; T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
64
T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton = ?
Wiskott aldrich syndrome
65
Thrombocytopenia + Eczema + recurrent infections = what disease? (WATER)
Wiskott aldrich syndrome
66
What happens to the Ig levels in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome? (different for each type)
IgG and IgM normal to decreased
| Increased IgE and IgA
67
What is the defect involved in leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18) on phagocytes
68
Defect in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST) results in what disease? What are the symptoms?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
| Recurrent pyogenic infections + pancytopenia
69
Pancytopenia + Giant granules in PMNs, + recurrent pyogenic infections = ?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
70
What is the defect in chronic granulomatous disease?
NADPH oxidase defect, meaning no respiratory burst
71
What are the bacteria that pts with chronic granulomatous disease are susceptible to?
```
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E.coli
S. aureus
Serratia
```
(PLACESS)
72
Abnormal dihydrorhodamine test + Nitroblue tetrazolum dye reduction test is negative = ?
Chronic granulomatous disease
73
Graft from self = ?
Autograft
74
Graft from an identical twin = ?
syngeneic graft
75
Graft from nonidentical individual of same species = ?
Allograft
76
Graft from a different species = ?
Xenograft
77
a rare autosomal recessive disorder that arises from a mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein,[2] which leads to a decrease in phagocytosis = ?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
78
What is the pathogenesis behind a hyperacute graft rejection?
Pre-existing Abs against graft, attack
79
What is the pathogenesis behind a acute graft rejection?
CTLs against graft and new abs formed
80
What is the presentation of acute graft rejection?
Vasculitis of graft with dense lymphocytic infiltrate
81
What is the pathogenesis behind a chronic graft rejection?
T cells and B cell mediated (not well known)
82
What is the pathogenesis of GVHD?
Grafted T cells rejecting recipient
83
What are the symptoms of GVHD?
Maculopapular rash, jaundice, diarrhea
84
What is the MOA of cyclosporine?
Calcineurin inhibitor; binds cyclophilin
**Prevents IL-2 transcription**
85
What is cyclosporine used for?
Prevent transplant rejection
86
What is/are the major side effect(s) of cyclosporine?
Nephrotoxic
| HTN
87
What is the MOA of tacrolimus?
Calcineurin inhibitor
| **Prevents IL-2 transcription**
88
What is/are the major side effect(s) of tacrolimus?
Nephrotoxic
| Increases DM risk
89
What is tacrolimus used for?
Prevent transplant rejection
90
What is the MOA of sirolimus (rapamycin)?
mTOR inhibitor
| **prevents IL-2 signal transduction**
91
What is sirolimus used for?
Prevent kidney transplant rejection
92
What is/are the major side effect(s) of sirolimus (rapamycin)?
Anemia
| leukopenia
93
True or false: sirolimus (rapamycin) is nephrotoxic
False ("kidney 'sir'-vives")
94
What is the MOA of basiliximab?
Monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-2R
95
What is basiliximab used for?
Kidney transplant rejection prophylaxis
96
What is/are the major side effect(s) of basiliximab?
Edema
| HTN
97
What is the MOA of azathioprine?
Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercapto-'"purine"
Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis
98
What is azathioprine used for?
Transplant rejection prophylaxis
| RA
99
What is/are the major side effect(s) of azathioprine?
Leukopenia
| anemia
100
What is the MOA of glucocorticoids?
Inhibits NF-kB to suppress B and T cell cytokine release
101
What is/are the major side effect(s) of glucocorticoids?
Hyperglycemia
Osteoporosis
Cushing's syndrome
102
What is the clinical use of epoetin alfa (erythropoietin)?
Treat anemias
103
What is the clinical use of Thrombopoietin?
Thrombocytopenia
104
What is the clinical use of oprelvekin (IL-11)?
Thrombocytopenia
105
What is the clinical use of Filgrastim?
Recovery of bone marrow
106
What is the clinical use of Sargramostim?
Recovery of bone marrow
107
What is the clinical use of Aldesleukin (IL-2)?
Recnal cell carcinoma
| Metastatic melanoma
108
What is the clinical use of IFN-alpha?
Chronic hep B and C
| Kaposi's sarcoma
109
What is the clinical use of IFN-beta?
MS
110
What is the clinical use of IFN-Gamma?
Chronic granuloatous disease
111
What is the target and clinical use of alemtuzumab?
```
target = CD52
Use = CLL
```
112
What is the target and clinical use of bevacizumab?
```
Target = VEGF
Use = Colorectal CA
```
113
What is the target and clinical use of Cetuximan?
```
Target = EGFR
Use = Stage IV colorectal CA
```
114
What is the target and clinical use of rituximab?
```
Target = CD20
Use = B cell, non-hodgkin lymphoma
```
115
What is the target and clinical use of Trastuzumab?
```
Target = HER2/Neu
Use = breast CA
```
(HER2/Neu = tras2zumab)
116
What is the target and clinical use of infliximab and adalimumab?
```
TNF-alpha = target
Use = IBD, RA
```
("RA inflix da limbs")
117
What is the target and clinical use of Natalizumab?
```
Target = alpha4 integrin
Use = MS, crohn's disease
```
118
What is the target and clinical use of abciximab?
CLycoprotein IIb/IIIa
ANti-platelet agent
("IIb times IIIa = ab'six'imab")
119
What is the target and clinical use of Denosumab?
RANKL
Osteoporosis
("denosumab affects osteoclasts")
120
What is the target and clinical use of Digoxin immune ab?
```
Target = digoxin
Use = antidote for digoxin toxicitiy
```
121
What is the target and clinical use of Omalizumab?
```
Target = IgE
Use = Allergic asthma
```
122
What is the target and clinical use of Palivizumab?
RSV F protein
RSV prophylaxis
("PaliVIzumab = VIrus")
