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FA Review > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Vitamin A?

A

Antioxidant

Constituent of retinal

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2
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin A results in what symptoms? (3)

A

Night blindness
Dry skin
Corneal degradation

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3
Q

Excess Vit A results in what? (3)

A

Arthralgias
Skin changes
Osteoporosis

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4
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1?

A

TPP cofactor for several dehydro rxns

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5
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin B1 results in what?

A

Impaired glucose breakdown

Ber1 ber1

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6
Q

What are the three enzymes that need vitamin B1? (hint: ATP)

A

Alpha ketoglutarate
Trans Ketoglutarate
Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

Ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + Confabulation = ?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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8
Q

What is dry beri-beri? (2 symptoms)

A

polyneuritis

symmetrical muscle wasting

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9
Q

What is wet Beri Beri?

A

high CO

Edema

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10
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B2?

A

FAD and FMN component

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11
Q

FAD and FMN are derived from what vitamin?

A

RiboFlavin B2 (B2 = 2 ATP)

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12
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B2 results in what symptoms? (two Cs)

A

Cheilosis and corneal vascularization

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13
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B3 (niacin)?

A

Part of NAD and NADP

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14
Q

Deficiency in niacin (vit B3) results in what? (3 Ds or B3)

A

Dementia
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
(Death)

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15
Q

Excess vitamin B3 results in what symptoms?

A

Facial flushing

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16
Q

What is the function of vitamin B5 (pantothenate)?

A

Part of CoA

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17
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B5 =?

A

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia

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18
Q

What is the function of vitamin B6?

A

Cofactor for transamination (ALT, AST)

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19
Q

Deficiency in vit B6 = ?

A

Convulsions, peripheral neuropathy

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20
Q

What is the function of vitamin B7?

A

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

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21
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B7 = ?

A

Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

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22
Q

What is the function of B9 (folic acid)?

A

Converted to THF, a coenzymes needed for 1-carbon methylation rxns

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23
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B9= ?

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

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24
Q

B12 is a cofactor in what reaction?

A

for homocysteine methyltransferase

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25
Deficiency in B12 results in what (2)?
Megaloblastic anemia, degeneration of the dorsal columns.
26
What is the function of Vit C in collagen production?
Hydroxylation of proline and lysine
27
What is the vitamin that is necessary for dopamine beta-hydroxylase to convert dopamine to NE?
Vit C
28
What is the name of vitamin D2?
Ergocalciferol
29
What is the name of vitamin D3?
cholecalciferol
30
What is the active form of vitamin D?
1,25-cholecalciferol
31
What part of the body adds the 1 OH to 1,25 cholecalciferol? The 25 OH?
``` 1= Kidneys 25 = liver ```
32
Vitamin C helps in the absorption of what mineral?
Fe
33
What is the function of Vit D?
Aids in the absorption of Ca
34
Excess Vitamin D causes what?
Hypercalcemia
35
What is the primary function of Vit E?
Antioxidant
36
What reaction is Vitamin K necessary for (1972)?
Cofactor for the gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid for blood clotting
37
Deficiency in Vitamin K results in what?
Increased PT and PTT, bleeding disorders
38
What is the function of Zn?
Needed for 100+ enzymatic reactions
39
Deficiency in Zn results in what symptoms?
Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism
40
What are the two dehydrogenases that are involved in ethanol metabolism? What is the energy accepting molecule for both reactions?
Alcohol dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde dehydrogenases NAD(H) is the e- accepting molecule
41
Why does increased EtOH consumption lead to a fatty liver?
Increases the NADH/NAD ratio, leading to increased acetyl-Coa for ketogenesis
42
What is kwashiorkor syndrome?
Protein malnutrition
43
What is marasmus?
Starving
44
What are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
Malnutrition Edema Anemia Liver (fatty) (MEAL)
45
Where does fatty oxidation take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Mitochondria
46
Where does acetyl-CoA production take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Mitochondria
47
Where does the TCA cycle take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Mitochondria
48
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Mito
49
Where does Glycolysis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Cytoplasm
50
Where does fatty acid synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Cytoplasm
51
Where does protein synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Cytoplasm
52
Where does steroid/cholesterol synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Cytoplasm
53
Where does Heme synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Both
54
Where does the urea cycle take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Both
55
Where does gluconeogenesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)
Both
56
What is the general function of Kinases?
Phosphorylates stuff using energy
57
What is the general function of phosphorylases?
Adds inorganic phosphate to without ATP use
58
What is the general function of phosphatases?
Removes phosphates
59
What is the general function of dehydrogenases?
Catalyses redox rxns
60
What is the general function of hydroxylases?
Adds hydroxy group
61
What is the general function of carboxylases? What is the catalyst for these rxns?
transfers CO2 Biotin
62
What is the general function of mutases?
Relocates a functional group within a molecule
63
Review glycolysis and all of the cycles.
***
64
Left off on page 101
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FA Review (22 decks)

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