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FA Review > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Vitamin A?

A

Antioxidant

Constituent of retinal

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2
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin A results in what symptoms? (3)

A

Night blindness
Dry skin
Corneal degradation

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3
Q

Excess Vit A results in what? (3)

A

Arthralgias
Skin changes
Osteoporosis

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4
Q

What is the function of vitamin B1?

A

TPP cofactor for several dehydro rxns

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5
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin B1 results in what?

A

Impaired glucose breakdown

Ber1 ber1

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6
Q

What are the three enzymes that need vitamin B1? (hint: ATP)

A

Alpha ketoglutarate
Trans Ketoglutarate
Pyruvate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

Ophthalmoplegia + ataxia + Confabulation = ?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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8
Q

What is dry beri-beri? (2 symptoms)

A

polyneuritis

symmetrical muscle wasting

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9
Q

What is wet Beri Beri?

A

high CO

Edema

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10
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B2?

A

FAD and FMN component

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11
Q

FAD and FMN are derived from what vitamin?

A

RiboFlavin B2 (B2 = 2 ATP)

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12
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B2 results in what symptoms? (two Cs)

A

Cheilosis and corneal vascularization

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13
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B3 (niacin)?

A

Part of NAD and NADP

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14
Q

Deficiency in niacin (vit B3) results in what? (3 Ds or B3)

A

Dementia
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
(Death)

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15
Q

Excess vitamin B3 results in what symptoms?

A

Facial flushing

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16
Q

What is the function of vitamin B5 (pantothenate)?

A

Part of CoA

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17
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B5 =?

A

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia

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18
Q

What is the function of vitamin B6?

A

Cofactor for transamination (ALT, AST)

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19
Q

Deficiency in vit B6 = ?

A

Convulsions, peripheral neuropathy

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20
Q

What is the function of vitamin B7?

A

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

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21
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B7 = ?

A

Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

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22
Q

What is the function of B9 (folic acid)?

A

Converted to THF, a coenzymes needed for 1-carbon methylation rxns

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23
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B9= ?

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

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24
Q

B12 is a cofactor in what reaction?

A

for homocysteine methyltransferase

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25
Q

Deficiency in B12 results in what (2)?

A

Megaloblastic anemia, degeneration of the dorsal columns.

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26
Q

What is the function of Vit C in collagen production?

A

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine

27
Q

What is the vitamin that is necessary for dopamine beta-hydroxylase to convert dopamine to NE?

28
Q

What is the name of vitamin D2?

A

Ergocalciferol

29
Q

What is the name of vitamin D3?

A

cholecalciferol

30
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D?

A

1,25-cholecalciferol

31
Q

What part of the body adds the 1 OH to 1,25 cholecalciferol? The 25 OH?

A 
1= Kidneys
25 = liver
32
Q

Vitamin C helps in the absorption of what mineral?

33
Q

What is the function of Vit D?

A

Aids in the absorption of Ca

34
Q

Excess Vitamin D causes what?

A

Hypercalcemia

35
Q

What is the primary function of Vit E?

A

Antioxidant

36
Q

What reaction is Vitamin K necessary for (1972)?

A

Cofactor for the gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid for blood clotting

37
Q

Deficiency in Vitamin K results in what?

A

Increased PT and PTT, bleeding disorders

38
Q

What is the function of Zn?

A

Needed for 100+ enzymatic reactions

39
Q

Deficiency in Zn results in what symptoms?

A

Delayed wound healing, hypogonadism

40
Q

What are the two dehydrogenases that are involved in ethanol metabolism? What is the energy accepting molecule for both reactions?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenases

NAD(H) is the e- accepting molecule

41
Q

Why does increased EtOH consumption lead to a fatty liver?

A

Increases the NADH/NAD ratio, leading to increased acetyl-Coa for ketogenesis

42
Q

What is kwashiorkor syndrome?

A

Protein malnutrition

43
Q

What is marasmus?

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor?

A

Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Liver (fatty)

(MEAL)

45
Q

Where does fatty oxidation take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

Where does acetyl-CoA production take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

A

Mitochondria

47
Q

Where does the TCA cycle take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

A

Mitochondria

48
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

49
Q

Where does Glycolysis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

50
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

51
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

52
Q

Where does steroid/cholesterol synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

53
Q

Where does Heme synthesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

54
Q

Where does the urea cycle take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

55
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis take place? (Mitochondria, cytoplasm, or both)

56
Q

What is the general function of Kinases?

A

Phosphorylates stuff using energy

57
Q

What is the general function of phosphorylases?

A

Adds inorganic phosphate to without ATP use

58
Q

What is the general function of phosphatases?

A

Removes phosphates

59
Q

What is the general function of dehydrogenases?

A

Catalyses redox rxns

60
Q

What is the general function of hydroxylases?

A

Adds hydroxy group

61
Q

What is the general function of carboxylases? What is the catalyst for these rxns?

A

transfers CO2

Biotin

62
Q

What is the general function of mutases?

A

Relocates a functional group within a molecule

63
Q

Review glycolysis and all of the cycles.

64
Q

Left off on page 101

FA Review (22 decks)

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