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Pathology > Viral Illnesses 3 > Flashcards

Viral Illnesses 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What virus cause Polio?

A

Picornaviridae

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2
Q

What type of virus is picornaviridae?

A

Nonenveloped virus

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3
Q

Where does the picornaviridae virus infect?

A

Oropharynx

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4
Q

Where does the picornaviridae multiply?

A

Multiples in the intestinal mucous and lymph nodes

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5
Q

What causes the paralysis in Polio?

A

Picornaviridae that invades the CNS and replicates in motor neurons of spinal cord/brainstem

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6
Q

What are the cellular receptors of polioviruses?

A

Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Chromosome 19)

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7
Q

What are the two polio vaccines?

A

Salk and Sabin

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8
Q

Is the salk vaccine attenuated or inactivated?

A

Inactivated, but requires booster vaccination

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9
Q

IS the sabin vaccine killed or inactivated?

A

Attenuated, so risk of infection

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10
Q

Benefit of oral sabin vaccine?

A

Greater duration of immunity

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11
Q

What does the Sabin vaccine produce?

A

IgA in the GI tract

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12
Q

Rhinovirus binds to what to get access to host?

A

ICAM-1 found in humans and higher primates on epithelial cells

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13
Q

Where is the rhinovirus infection confined to?

A

Upper respiratory tract due to cool environemnt

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14
Q

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

A

Coronavirus

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15
Q

Does coronavirus go to lower respiratory tract?

A

Primarily upper respiratory, little effect on lower

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16
Q

Where do echovirus and coxsackie virus proliferate?

A

Lymphoreticular tissues

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17
Q

What is the function of neuraminidase?

A

Releasing virus from host cell, cleaves silica acid

18
Q

Function of hemagglutinin?

A

Binds to silica acid contain proteins and lipids on most cells.
Mediates entry into cell

19
Q

How are lower respiratory viruses grouped?

A

Into types A, B, or C based on nucleoprotein

20
Q

Which is the most dangerous grouping of lower respiratory viruses?

A

Group A

21
Q

What does group A do?

A

Major cause of pandemic and epidemic flu infections

22
Q

What do groups B and C do?

A

Mostly infect children

23
Q

What are most deaths due to influenza from?

A

Secondary bacterial infection due to obstruction

24
Q

What is croup?

A

Acute febrile illness with inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, and barking cough

25
Q

What causes croup?

A

Parainfluenza type 3

26
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in children younger than 2 years?

A

Respiratory syncitial virus

27
Q

Common cause of acute respiratory disease and pneumonia in military recruits?

A

Adenovirus

28
Q

Red flag for adenovirus histologically?

A

Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion

29
Q

Most common time for rotavirus to strike?

A

Time of weaning, due to loss of mothers IgA

30
Q

What types of hepatitis are there?

A

A, B, C, Delta agent, and E

31
Q

How do you get rabies?

A

Contamination of open wounds or mucous membranes by saliva of infected animals

32
Q

Is rabies spread person to person?

A

No

33
Q

What is the exception to rabies no being spread person to person?

A

Transplanted tissue

34
Q

What causes rabies most in the U.S?

A

Bites from bats or cats that have bene infected by rabies

35
Q

What has proved to be the one thing to stop a rabies death?

A

Inducing coma

36
Q

How does rabies get to CNS?

A

Travels axons

37
Q

How long does it take rabies virus to travel up axons?

A

weeks

38
Q

What is histologically significant to diagnose rabies?

A

Neri bodies in nerve cells

39
Q

Only way to truly diagnose rabies?

A

Direct examination of brain tissue from animal

40
Q

What do you do for somebody with rabies?

A

Treat with rabies vaccine and rabies immune gammaglobuin

41
Q

Who do you give pre-exposure prophylaxis to?

A

Veterinarians, wildlife workers, people going to endemic areas

42
Q

Who do you give post-prophylactic care to?

A

Unvaccinated people with bites

Pathology (18 decks)

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