Infectious Disease 5 Flashcards
How is anthrax transmitted?
Animals/contact with animals (sheep and goats)
How is anthrax weaponized?
Powder form that is inhaled
How does Anthrax present cutaneously?
Hemmorrhagic pustule that turns into a black eschar
How does pulmonary disease involving anthrax present?
Pneumonia with serofibrinous exudate and septicemia
How do you control for anthrax?
Vaccine, penicillin, and doxycycline
What gives mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to intracellular killing?
Glycolipids
Histologic hallmark of Mycobacterium TB?
Caseating granulomas
What endotoxins/exotoxins/histolytic enzymes are involved in TB?
None
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is TB?
4
What is a granuloma?
Inability of macrophage to kill bacteria that results in persistent infection
What results in secretion of interferon gamma?
Development of TH1 cells
What does TNF result in?
Chemotaxis and collection of monocytes
What does interferon gamma result in?
Aggregation of epithelia macrophages
What does granuloma formation cause?
Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and caseous necrosis
What is a Ghon complex?
Primary lung lesion with caseating granulomas in draining lymph nodes
What is secondary TB?
Re-activation/re-infection in previously sensitized individual
Tertiary TB leads to what>
Empyema, bacteremia, and extension to other parts of lung
What is Quanti-feron test for TB?
In vitro measure of interferon in response to M.TB
Where does Leprosy infect?
Skin and nerves
Why does Leprosy target skin and nerves?
They are the coolest parts of the body
How does tuberculoid leprosy appear?
Granulomatous
How does lepromatous form appear?
Foam cells, lack of TH1 immunity, proliferation in macrophages
Which form of leprosy is contagious?
Lepromatous
Syphillis has an outer health that serves to do what?
Cause persistence by hiding antigens
