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Pathology > Infectious Disease 5 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 5 Flashcards

1
Q

How is anthrax transmitted?

A

Animals/contact with animals (sheep and goats)

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2
Q

How is anthrax weaponized?

A

Powder form that is inhaled

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3
Q

How does Anthrax present cutaneously?

A

Hemmorrhagic pustule that turns into a black eschar

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4
Q

How does pulmonary disease involving anthrax present?

A

Pneumonia with serofibrinous exudate and septicemia

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5
Q

How do you control for anthrax?

A

Vaccine, penicillin, and doxycycline

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6
Q

What gives mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to intracellular killing?

A

Glycolipids

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7
Q

Histologic hallmark of Mycobacterium TB?

A

Caseating granulomas

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8
Q

What endotoxins/exotoxins/histolytic enzymes are involved in TB?

A

None

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9
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is TB?

A

4

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10
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Inability of macrophage to kill bacteria that results in persistent infection

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11
Q

What results in secretion of interferon gamma?

A

Development of TH1 cells

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12
Q

What does TNF result in?

A

Chemotaxis and collection of monocytes

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13
Q

What does interferon gamma result in?

A

Aggregation of epithelia macrophages

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14
Q

What does granuloma formation cause?

A

Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and caseous necrosis

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15
Q

What is a Ghon complex?

A

Primary lung lesion with caseating granulomas in draining lymph nodes

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16
Q

What is secondary TB?

A

Re-activation/re-infection in previously sensitized individual

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17
Q

Tertiary TB leads to what>

A

Empyema, bacteremia, and extension to other parts of lung

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18
Q

What is Quanti-feron test for TB?

A

In vitro measure of interferon in response to M.TB

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19
Q

Where does Leprosy infect?

A

Skin and nerves

20
Q

Why does Leprosy target skin and nerves?

A

They are the coolest parts of the body

21
Q

How does tuberculoid leprosy appear?

A

Granulomatous

22
Q

How does lepromatous form appear?

A

Foam cells, lack of TH1 immunity, proliferation in macrophages

23
Q

Which form of leprosy is contagious?

A

Lepromatous

24
Q

Syphillis has an outer health that serves to do what?

A

Cause persistence by hiding antigens

25
Q

How is Syphillis spread>

A

Transplacental and sexually

26
Q

In the Syphillis nonspecific antibody test what are you looking for?

A

Cardiolipin

27
Q

What are common false positives in Syphillis antibody tests?

A

Mono and Lupus

28
Q

What is present during primary stage of Syphilis?

A

No antibodies, organism is present

29
Q

What is present during secondary stage of Syphilis?

A

Both antibodies and organism are present

30
Q

What is present for 3rd stage of syphilis?

A

Antibodies present, no organisms though

31
Q

What are Syphilis chancres infiltrated with?

A

TH1 cells

32
Q

What is central to pathology of all lesions in Syphilis?

A

Endarteritis

33
Q

Where does primary Syphilis develop?

A

Hard chancre at site of spirochete invasion

34
Q

What are the elevated plaques by the penis/vulva called in secondary syphilis?

A

Condylomata Lata

35
Q

How long until secondary stage shows up for syphilis>

A

2-10 weeks after primary

36
Q

How long until tertiary symptoms of Syphilus show?

A

5 years or more

37
Q

Most commonly affected system from tertiary syphilis?

A

Cardiovascular

38
Q

What is Charcot’s joint?

A

Sensory loss, can’t feel feet.

39
Q

What will the CSF look like for Syphilis in 3rd stage?

A

Increased WBC count, increased protein, decreased glucose

40
Q

Saber shin, saddle nose, and Hutchinson teeth from what?

A

Late abortionCongenital infection with Syphilis

41
Q

What type of abortion can Syphilis cause?

A

Late

42
Q

Anthrax infections associated with what?

A

Leukopenia

43
Q

What causes death in Anthrax?

A

Electrolyte imbalance
Hemoconcentration
DIC

44
Q

TB intra or extracellular?

A

Intra

45
Q

Key feature of Leprosy?

A

Anesthesia of skin

Pathology (18 decks)

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