HIV 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s prevalence?

A

cases per population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s incidence?

A

cases per unit of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What age range are new AIDS diagnoses in?

A

35-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one cure for AIDS?

A

Bone marrow transplant using donor mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the mutation that cures AIDS?

A

CCR5-delta32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which fluids can transmit HIV?

A

Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is HIV diagnosis higher in males or females?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Main cause of HIV transmission in males?

A

Male to male sexual contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main cause of HIV transmission in females?

A

Heterosexual contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which race has highest rate of HIV?

A

African Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is generation X of concern?

A

Optomistic in that they haven’t seen themselves die of AIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the one cure for AIDs?

A

Mutation of CCR5 delta 32 from bone marrow donors with said mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which fluids cannot transfer HIV/no cases reported?

A

Saliva, tears, sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does HIV survive in the environment?

A

It doesn’t. Dries and dies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 routes of infection for neonates?

A

1) Transplacental
2) Infected birth canal
3) Ingestion of breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Risk of passing to child in infected untreated mother?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Risk of passing to child in which mother and infant treated with HAART therapy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Birth by C-section better or worse for transmission?

A

Better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which genus of retroviruses is HIV related to?

A

Lentivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Difference between HIV 1 and 2?

A

HIV 2 less aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where would I find HIV 1?

A

US and Central Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where would I find HIV 2?

A

India and West Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of Glycoprotein 120 (gp120)?

A

Mediates binding to CD4

24
Q

Function of Glycoprotein 41 (gp41)?

A

Fusion to cell membranes

25
Q

Lipids inside viral envelope are obtained from where?

A

Host cell

26
Q

Where can I find the major capsid protein p24 of the HIV virus?

A

The core

27
Q

What is the function of p24?

A

Diagnostic antibodies

28
Q

Purpose of the nef accessory gene?

A

Inhibits apoptosis

29
Q

Normal ratio of CD4 to CD8?

A

2:1

30
Q

Ratio of CD4 to CD8 during AIDs?

A

1:2

31
Q

Where does the HIV virus bind?

A

CD4 molecules on lymphocytes, macrophages, and glial cells

32
Q

Proliferation of HIV virus is activated by what?

A

Cell activation of the CD4 related molecules

33
Q

What kills the CD4 cells?

A

Cell lysis from viral replication or immune response to infected cells

34
Q

What happens to uninfected CD4 cells?

A

They are activated and die by activation induced cell apoptosis

35
Q

Approach to HIV treatment?

A

Inhibit viral replication and activation of infected cell

36
Q

At what CD4 level do you have AIDs?

A
37
Q

Which secretes have higher level of the virus genital or plasma?

A

Genital

38
Q

Concurrent inflammation/infections can lead to high transmission rates due to?

A

Breaks in mucosa

39
Q

How does the virus get in?

A

Breaks in mucosa or adhereance to dendritic cells in the mucosa

40
Q

Co-receptor for entry into the cells?

A

Gp120

41
Q

Where are high amounts of CCR5 found?

A

Genital dendritic cells and GI lymphoid tissue

42
Q

Resistant individuals are homozygous for what mutation?

A

CCR5 mutation

43
Q

What mutation happens late in infection?

A

CCR5 receptors change to CXCR4

44
Q

Difference between CCR5 and CXCR4?

A

CCR5 on monocytes and lymphocytes

CXCR4 on T-lymphocytes

45
Q

What can delay the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4?

A

Viral replication inhibitors

46
Q

What does CXCR4 cause?

A

Syncitia formation of lymphoid tissues

47
Q

What serves as a viral reservouir?

A

Seeding of lymphoid tissue throughout body

48
Q

Where is there an increase in viral proliferation and cytotoxicity?

A

Activated lymphocytes

49
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells serve as?

A

Viral reservoir due to no migration

50
Q

What causes the initial decay of CD4?

A

Virus specific CD8 T-cell response

51
Q

In the absence of significant levels of plasma viral RNA what will happen to HIV?

A

Continues to proliferate in lymphoid reservoirs

52
Q

What is goal of HIV therapy?

A

Prolong latent phase

53
Q

What 3 factors destroy the immune system?

A

CD4 loss
CD8 loss
Viral evolutionary changes

54
Q

Where is there extensive early loss of CD4?

A

Peyers patches

55
Q

Major problem with early loss of CD4 from peyer’s patches?

A

Products of gut pathogens released and activate mmune system which activates immune cells

56
Q

How does HIV affect CD8?

A

Makes them sticky (CD69)

Retains them within lymph nodes

57
Q

How is immune function inhibited by gp120 binding?

A

Antigen presentation cannot take palce