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Pathology > Infectious Disease 4 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Two main types of vector borne diseases?

A

Intracellular and Extracellular

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2
Q

2 types of Intracellular VBD?

A

Rickettsia and Erlichiosis

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3
Q

2 Types of Rickettsia?

A

Epidemic typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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4
Q

What causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Ticks

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5
Q

What causes Epidemic typhus?

A

Lice

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6
Q

What are three extracullar VBD?

A

1) Lyme disease
2) Relapsing fever
3) Plague

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7
Q

What causes Lyme Disease?

A

Ticks

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8
Q

What causes Plague?

A

Fleas

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9
Q

What can be found at the bite location in Rickettsia?

A

Crusted lesion (eschar)

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10
Q

How does one diagnose Rickettsia?

A

Immunostaining or anti-rickettsial serology

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11
Q

Where do Rickettsia mainly multiply??

A

Small vessel endothelia

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12
Q

What are severe manifestations in Rickettsia due to?

A

Vascular leakage secondary to endothelial cell damage

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13
Q

What are the severe manifestations of Rickettsia?

A

Rash, fever, and CNS manifestations

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14
Q

In Rickettsia what does small vessel vasculitis cause?

A

Microthrombi, focal ischemia, and hemorrhage

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15
Q

What does typhus group Rickettsia do to endothelial cells?

A

Lyses them

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16
Q

How does Spotted Fever group Rickettsia spread?

A

Spreads from cell to cell

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17
Q

Risk of Rickettsia spread?

A

Hypovolemic shock and peripheral edema

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18
Q

What type of exotoxins/endotoxins does Rickettsia have?

A

None

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19
Q

While lacking exotoxins/endotoxins what does Rickettsia possess?

A

LPS which is non-toxic

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20
Q

What causes much of the tissue damage in Rickettsia?

A

Cytotoxic T-cell immune response

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21
Q

What do you use for treatment of Rickettsia?

A

Doxycycline

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22
Q

What do Rubella, Rubeola, and Erlichiosis almost never do?

A

Shock or DIC

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23
Q

Which strain of Rickettsia is known as Epidemic Typhus?

A

Rickettsia Prowazekii

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24
Q

How is R. Prowazekii transmitted?

A

Head lice

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25
Q

What does rash look like in Prowazekii?

A

Moves away from center (centrifugal)

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26
Q

In Prowazekii, what happens after rash development?

A

CNS involvement with apathy, or coma

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27
Q

What are the severe clinically findings of severe Prowazekii?

A

Gangrene of fingers, nose, earlobes, scrotum, penis, vulva

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28
Q

What types of ticks cause R. rickettsi?

A

Dog tick and wood tick

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29
Q

What is incubation time for R. rickettsi

A

7 days

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30
Q

What does the rash look like for R. Ricksttsi?

A

Hemorrhagic rash that extends over entire body including palms and soles, possibly eschar

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31
Q

Where does the R.Rickettsi rash begin?

A

Periphery to trunk

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32
Q

Major cause of death for Spotted Fever group?

A

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

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33
Q

Is the Spotted fever group exudative or transudative?

A

Exudative

34
Q

What is scrub typhus?

A

Orienta transmitted by mites that resembles typhus.

35
Q

What is the rash like in scrub typhus?

A

Transitory or absent

36
Q

How does Erlichiosis differ from RMSF?

A

No eschar, rash is rare

37
Q

What does Erlichiosis infect?

A

Neutrophils or monocytes

38
Q

Why is the rash not as prominent in Erlichiosis?

A

It doesn’t affect endothelial cells as much

39
Q

What is defining characteristic for Erlichiosis?

A

Cytoplasmic inclusions called morulae. Masses of bacteria

40
Q

Ticks of the white tailed deer are involved in what VBD?

A

Lyme disease

41
Q

How does Borrelia (Lyme Disease) avoid host antibodies?

A

Shifts antigenic markers

42
Q

What parts of the body does LD affect?

A

CNS, joints, heart

43
Q

LD is referred ti as what type of inflammatory disorder?

A

Multisystem chronic

44
Q

How do you treat LD?

A

Doxycyline

45
Q

How do you prevent LD?

A

OspA vaccine

46
Q

What is the primary stage of LD?

A

Skin rash appear and shows target lesion

47
Q

What is secondary and tertiary phases of LD?

A

Arthritis, polyneuropathy, encephalitis, and cardiac arrythmias

48
Q

What is the bullseye mark in LD known as?

A

Erythema chronicum migrans

49
Q

How long does it take LD to reach secondary part of the disease?

A

Months

50
Q

What causes the secondary disease in LD?

A

Dissemination of spirochetes

51
Q

How long until LD tertiary disease appears?

A

Years

52
Q

What allows for relapsing fever or Borrelia recurrentis?

A

Ability of organism to express new surface antigens

53
Q

How is plague spread?

A

Arthropod bite

54
Q

What type of cycle does Plague follow?

A

Sylvatic

55
Q

Where does plague proliferate?

A

Lymphoid tissues

56
Q

What does injection of yersinia outer proteins do?

A

Inhibits secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inactivates molecules that regulate actin polymerization

57
Q

Symptoms of epidemic typhus?

A

Fever, chills, cough, rash, severe muscle pain, delerium, and sensitivity to light

58
Q

Shape of tularemia?

A

Gram neg coccobacillus pleomorphic

59
Q

Where does tularemia go, intra or extra?

A

Intra

60
Q

How do you get tularemia?

A

Rabbits/rabbit skin

61
Q

Tularemia fatalities asscoiated with what?

A

Endotoxin

62
Q

3 types of tularemia worth knowing?

A

Ulceroglandular
Pulmonary infection
Oculoglandular

63
Q

How do you get pasturella multocida?

A

Animal bites, primarily cats

64
Q

How does pasturella present?

A

Rapidly (24 hrs) with cellulitis, abscesses, and sepsis

65
Q

How do you treat pasturella?

A

Augmentin

66
Q

Disease associated with kittens?

A

Cat scratch disease (Bartonella Henselae)

67
Q

What does Bartonella cause?

A

Localized lymphadenopathy

68
Q

How do you get Ornithosis?

A

Dust borne contaminated ecreta from birds

69
Q

Lethal presentation of Ornithosis shows up as?

A

Focal necrosis in liver and spleen

Mononuclear changes in kidney’s heart, and brain

70
Q

Toxoplasmosis found where intra or extra?

A

Intracellular

71
Q

Who is toxoplasmosis most dangerous to?

A

Infants in utero

72
Q

Where during pregnancy is the infant most at risk from toxo?

A

1st trimester

73
Q

What does Leptospirosis resemble?

A

Viral meningitis

74
Q

What is Weil’s disease?

A

Severe leptospirosis with jaundice, bleeding, and renal failure

75
Q

Besides Weil’s disease what is another presentation of Leptospirosis?

A

Lymphocytic atypical meningitis

76
Q

What does Listeriosis look like?

A

Gram + rod

77
Q

How do you get Listeriosis?

A

Contact with infected abortion, during vaginal childbirth

78
Q

Forms of Listeriosis?

A

Abortion
Neonatal sepsis
Meningitis

79
Q

What does Brucellosis look like?

A

Gram - coccobacilli

80
Q

What is Brucelosis most common in?

A

Cows

Pathology (18 decks)

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