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Infectious Disease 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Two main types of vector borne diseases?

A

Intracellular and Extracellular

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2
Q

2 types of Intracellular VBD?

A

Rickettsia and Erlichiosis

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3
Q

2 Types of Rickettsia?

A

Epidemic typhus and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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4
Q

What causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Ticks

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5
Q

What causes Epidemic typhus?

A

Lice

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6
Q

What are three extracullar VBD?

A

1) Lyme disease
2) Relapsing fever
3) Plague

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7
Q

What causes Lyme Disease?

A

Ticks

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8
Q

What causes Plague?

A

Fleas

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9
Q

What can be found at the bite location in Rickettsia?

A

Crusted lesion (eschar)

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10
Q

How does one diagnose Rickettsia?

A

Immunostaining or anti-rickettsial serology

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11
Q

Where do Rickettsia mainly multiply??

A

Small vessel endothelia

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12
Q

What are severe manifestations in Rickettsia due to?

A

Vascular leakage secondary to endothelial cell damage

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13
Q

What are the severe manifestations of Rickettsia?

A

Rash, fever, and CNS manifestations

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14
Q

In Rickettsia what does small vessel vasculitis cause?

A

Microthrombi, focal ischemia, and hemorrhage

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15
Q

What does typhus group Rickettsia do to endothelial cells?

A

Lyses them

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16
Q

How does Spotted Fever group Rickettsia spread?

A

Spreads from cell to cell

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17
Q

Risk of Rickettsia spread?

A

Hypovolemic shock and peripheral edema

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18
Q

What type of exotoxins/endotoxins does Rickettsia have?

A

None

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19
Q

While lacking exotoxins/endotoxins what does Rickettsia possess?

A

LPS which is non-toxic

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20
Q

What causes much of the tissue damage in Rickettsia?

A

Cytotoxic T-cell immune response

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21
Q

What do you use for treatment of Rickettsia?

A

Doxycycline

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22
Q

What do Rubella, Rubeola, and Erlichiosis almost never do?

A

Shock or DIC

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23
Q

Which strain of Rickettsia is known as Epidemic Typhus?

A

Rickettsia Prowazekii

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24
Q

How is R. Prowazekii transmitted?

A

Head lice

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25
What does rash look like in Prowazekii?
Moves away from center (centrifugal)
26
In Prowazekii, what happens after rash development?
CNS involvement with apathy, or coma
27
What are the severe clinically findings of severe Prowazekii?
Gangrene of fingers, nose, earlobes, scrotum, penis, vulva
28
What types of ticks cause R. rickettsi?
Dog tick and wood tick
29
What is incubation time for R. rickettsi
7 days
30
What does the rash look like for R. Ricksttsi?
Hemorrhagic rash that extends over entire body including palms and soles, possibly eschar
31
Where does the R.Rickettsi rash begin?
Periphery to trunk
32
Major cause of death for Spotted Fever group?
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
33
Is the Spotted fever group exudative or transudative?
Exudative
34
What is scrub typhus?
Orienta transmitted by mites that resembles typhus.
35
What is the rash like in scrub typhus?
Transitory or absent
36
How does Erlichiosis differ from RMSF?
No eschar, rash is rare
37
What does Erlichiosis infect?
Neutrophils or monocytes
38
Why is the rash not as prominent in Erlichiosis?
It doesn't affect endothelial cells as much
39
What is defining characteristic for Erlichiosis?
Cytoplasmic inclusions called morulae. Masses of bacteria
40
Ticks of the white tailed deer are involved in what VBD?
Lyme disease
41
How does Borrelia (Lyme Disease) avoid host antibodies?
Shifts antigenic markers
42
What parts of the body does LD affect?
CNS, joints, heart
43
LD is referred ti as what type of inflammatory disorder?
Multisystem chronic
44
How do you treat LD?
Doxycyline
45
How do you prevent LD?
OspA vaccine
46
What is the primary stage of LD?
Skin rash appear and shows target lesion
47
What is secondary and tertiary phases of LD?
Arthritis, polyneuropathy, encephalitis, and cardiac arrythmias
48
What is the bullseye mark in LD known as?
Erythema chronicum migrans
49
How long does it take LD to reach secondary part of the disease?
Months
50
What causes the secondary disease in LD?
Dissemination of spirochetes
51
How long until LD tertiary disease appears?
Years
52
What allows for relapsing fever or Borrelia recurrentis?
Ability of organism to express new surface antigens
53
How is plague spread?
Arthropod bite
54
What type of cycle does Plague follow?
Sylvatic
55
Where does plague proliferate?
Lymphoid tissues
56
What does injection of yersinia outer proteins do?
Inhibits secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inactivates molecules that regulate actin polymerization
57
Symptoms of epidemic typhus?
Fever, chills, cough, rash, severe muscle pain, delerium, and sensitivity to light
58
Shape of tularemia?
Gram neg coccobacillus pleomorphic
59
Where does tularemia go, intra or extra?
Intra
60
How do you get tularemia?
Rabbits/rabbit skin
61
Tularemia fatalities asscoiated with what?
Endotoxin
62
3 types of tularemia worth knowing?
Ulceroglandular Pulmonary infection Oculoglandular
63
How do you get pasturella multocida?
Animal bites, primarily cats
64
How does pasturella present?
Rapidly (24 hrs) with cellulitis, abscesses, and sepsis
65
How do you treat pasturella?
Augmentin
66
Disease associated with kittens?
Cat scratch disease (Bartonella Henselae)
67
What does Bartonella cause?
Localized lymphadenopathy
68
How do you get Ornithosis?
Dust borne contaminated ecreta from birds
69
Lethal presentation of Ornithosis shows up as?
Focal necrosis in liver and spleen | Mononuclear changes in kidney's heart, and brain
70
Toxoplasmosis found where intra or extra?
Intracellular
71
Who is toxoplasmosis most dangerous to?
Infants in utero
72
Where during pregnancy is the infant most at risk from toxo?
1st trimester
73
What does Leptospirosis resemble?
Viral meningitis
74
What is Weil's disease?
Severe leptospirosis with jaundice, bleeding, and renal failure
75
Besides Weil's disease what is another presentation of Leptospirosis?
Lymphocytic atypical meningitis
76
What does Listeriosis look like?
Gram + rod
77
How do you get Listeriosis?
Contact with infected abortion, during vaginal childbirth
78
Forms of Listeriosis?
Abortion Neonatal sepsis Meningitis
79
What does Brucellosis look like?
Gram - coccobacilli
80
What is Brucelosis most common in?
Cows

Pathology (18 decks)

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