Parasites 1

Question 1

Are protozoa intra or extra cellular?

Answer 1

Both

Question 2

How many cells do protozoa have?

Answer 2

One

Question 3

How are most protozoa spread?

Answer 3

Fecal/oral route

Question 4

Which protozoa can be spread by bites?

Answer 4

Malaria
Babesiosis
Chaga’s disease

Question 5

Protozoa that enter through the skin?

Answer 5

Leishmaniasis

Nagleria

Question 6

Tissue destruction due to what in Protozoa?

Answer 6

Invasion of the host tissues by the organism, not host responses against the organism.

Question 7

Most important strain of Malaria?

Answer 7

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 8

What is released into blood with bite of mosquito?

Answer 8

Sporozoities

Question 9

Where do sporozoites go?

Answer 9

Liver cells

Question 10

Where do Merozoites bind?

Answer 10

Sialic residues on RBCs

Question 11

How do merozoites detoxify heme?

Answer 11

Form paracrystalline precipitate

Question 12

Which step in Malaria is inhibited by chloroquine?

Answer 12

Detoxification of heme

Question 13

Which HLA confers some immunity to malaria?

Answer 13

B53

Question 14

In malaria hemolysis of infected RBCs leads to what?

Answer 14

Hemoglobinuria (black water fever)

Kidney damage

Question 15

Free hemoglobin results in pigmentation of which cells in particular in Malaria?

Answer 15

Kupfer cell

Question 16

What are some of the severe signs that falciparum can cause?

Answer 16

Anemia
Pulmonary edema
Cerebral symptoms
Death

Question 17

What causes the cerebral involvement in Malaria?

Answer 17

Parasite binds to endothelial cells in brain (schizonts to ICAM-1)

Question 18

What does vivid and oval infect?

Answer 18

Only reticulocytes

Question 19

What does plasmodium malarian infect?

Answer 19

Mature RBCs

Can persist 40 years

Question 20

What happens to the spleen during chronic infection?

Answer 20

Increasingly fibrotic

Question 21

Within RBC merozoites matures into whaT?

Answer 21

Tropozoite

Question 22

Trophozoites in RBC mature into what?

Answer 22

Schizont form and display knobs on surface

Question 23

Falciparum schizont knobs express sequestering that bind what?

Answer 23

ICAM1, thrombospondin receptor and CD46

Question 24

Malarial like disease in US?

Answer 24

Babesiosis

Question 25

What transmits Babesiosis?

Answer 25

Deer ticks

Question 26

Babesosis presentation?

Answer 26

Fever and hemolytic anemia

Question 27

What do Trypanosomiasis cause?

Answer 27

African Sleeping sickness | Chaga's disease

Question 28

What does African Sleeping sickness cause through proliferation of kinetopastid forms in erythrocytes

Answer 28

Fever, lymphadenopathy, Splenomegaly, brain dysfunction, cachexia, and death

Question 29

What transmits African Sleeping?

Answer 29

tsetse fly

Question 30

What is Winterbottom's sign?

Answer 30

Pronounced lymphadenopathy

Question 31

Winter bottom's sign precedes what?

Answer 31

CNS symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness

Question 32

IFN gamma stimulates what in ASS?

Answer 32

Parasite growth

Question 33

What causes tissue destruction in ASS?

Answer 33

Ag-Ab complex deposition and release of lysosomal enzymes form degenerating phagocytes

Question 34

In ASS what forms at site of insect bite?

Answer 34

Large red rubbery chancre (ulcer plus large mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate)

Question 35

Most frequent cause of heart failure in Brazil/Latin America?

Answer 35

Chaga's disease

Question 36

What transmits CD?

Answer 36

Kissing bugs

Question 37

What is found at site of entry for CD?

Answer 37

Chagoma

Question 38

What does CD infect?

Answer 38

Macrophages

Question 39

What does CD penetrate into?

Answer 39

Skeletal muscel, smooth muscel, and cardiac muscle

Question 40

Acute CD mainly affects what?

Answer 40

Heart

Question 41

Chronic CD affects what?

Answer 41

Myocardial cells, nerve cells, lymphocytes

Question 42

4 GI Protozoa?

Answer 42

1) Amebiasis 2) Giardia 3) Cryptosporidosis 4) Balantidiasis

Question 43

Infectious form of Entamoeba does what?

Answer 43

Resists gastric acid

Question 44

What are Entamoeba supposed to look like?

Answer 44

Flask shaped

Question 45

Where is Entamoeba?

Answer 45

Cecum and ascending bowel

Question 46

Most prevalent pathogenic intestinal organism worldwide?

Answer 46

Giardia lamblia

Question 47

How do you clean water of Giardia?

Answer 47

Filtration

Question 48

Giardia associated with what deficiency?

Answer 48

IgA

Question 49

What type of Giardia is infectious?

Answer 49

Dormant cyst

Question 50

Where do trophozoites of Giardia multiply?

Answer 50

Small intestine

Question 51

What causes Giardia diarrhea?

Answer 51

Nutrient malabsorption by blocking mucosal surface or damaging microvilli

Question 52

What does Cryptosporidium do>

Answer 52

Diarrhea in children, severe disease in immunosuppressed

Question 53

How do you get rid of Cryptosporidium?

Answer 53

Filtration

Question 54

Cryptosporidia adhere where?

Answer 54

Apical brush border

Question 55

Invasion and disruption of mucosa cause what in Cryptosporidium?

Answer 55

Malabsorption and secretory diarrhea

Question 56

Cryptospordium infects what?

Answer 56

Macrophages and underlying Peyer's patches

Question 57

Control of Crypto is done by what?

Answer 57

CD4 mediated T-cell immunity

Question 58

Disseminated diseases in immunosuppresed individuals

Answer 58

Crypto and Toxo

Question 59

Toxoplasmosis is what?

Answer 59

Obligate intracellular protozoan

Question 60

What types of cells can Toxo infect?

Answer 60

All

Question 61

How does Toxo bind to host cells?

Answer 61

Laminin receptors

Question 62

Toxo infection controlled by

Answer 62

T-cell mediated immune response

Question 63

Toxo cysts contain what remain dormant for years?

Answer 63

Bradyzoites

Question 64

Toxo worst in which trimester?

Answer 64

1st

Question 65

What vector gives Leishmaniasis?

Answer 65

Sandfly

Question 66

what phagocytoses Leishmaniae?

Answer 66

Macrophages

Question 67

What are Leishmaniar resistant to?

Answer 67

C5-C9 complex

Question 68

3 Forms of Leishmaniasis?

Answer 68

Cutaneous Mucocutaneous Visceral

Question 69

How does host response affect Leish?

Answer 69

Cellular immune response results in granulomas, anorexic hosts have widespread disease

Question 70

Which form of Leish gets you black fever?

Answer 70

Visceral

Question 71

Which form of Leish gets you foamy macrophages?

Answer 71

Rare diffuse cutaneous

Question 72

Tissue invaders through water transmission enter through where?

Answer 72

Nasal mucosa

Question 73

Tissue invaders through nasal mucosa alter what?

Answer 73

Sense of taste and smell

Question 74

2 major tissue invaders?

Answer 74

Naegleria | Acanthamoeba