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Pathology > Parasites 1 > Flashcards

Parasites 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Are protozoa intra or extra cellular?

A

Both

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2
Q

How many cells do protozoa have?

A

One

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3
Q

How are most protozoa spread?

A

Fecal/oral route

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4
Q

Which protozoa can be spread by bites?

A

Malaria
Babesiosis
Chaga’s disease

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5
Q

Protozoa that enter through the skin?

A

Leishmaniasis

Nagleria

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6
Q

Tissue destruction due to what in Protozoa?

A

Invasion of the host tissues by the organism, not host responses against the organism.

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7
Q

Most important strain of Malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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8
Q

What is released into blood with bite of mosquito?

A

Sporozoities

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9
Q

Where do sporozoites go?

A

Liver cells

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10
Q

Where do Merozoites bind?

A

Sialic residues on RBCs

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11
Q

How do merozoites detoxify heme?

A

Form paracrystalline precipitate

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12
Q

Which step in Malaria is inhibited by chloroquine?

A

Detoxification of heme

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13
Q

Which HLA confers some immunity to malaria?

A

B53

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14
Q

In malaria hemolysis of infected RBCs leads to what?

A

Hemoglobinuria (black water fever)

Kidney damage

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15
Q

Free hemoglobin results in pigmentation of which cells in particular in Malaria?

A

Kupfer cell

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16
Q

What are some of the severe signs that falciparum can cause?

A

Anemia
Pulmonary edema
Cerebral symptoms
Death

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17
Q

What causes the cerebral involvement in Malaria?

A

Parasite binds to endothelial cells in brain (schizonts to ICAM-1)

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18
Q

What does vivid and oval infect?

A

Only reticulocytes

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19
Q

What does plasmodium malarian infect?

A

Mature RBCs

Can persist 40 years

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20
Q

What happens to the spleen during chronic infection?

A

Increasingly fibrotic

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21
Q

Within RBC merozoites matures into whaT?

A

Tropozoite

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22
Q

Trophozoites in RBC mature into what?

A

Schizont form and display knobs on surface

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23
Q

Falciparum schizont knobs express sequestering that bind what?

A

ICAM1, thrombospondin receptor and CD46

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24
Q

Malarial like disease in US?

A

Babesiosis

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25
Q

What transmits Babesiosis?

A

Deer ticks

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26
Q

Babesosis presentation?

A

Fever and hemolytic anemia

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27
Q

What do Trypanosomiasis cause?

A

African Sleeping sickness

Chaga’s disease

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28
Q

What does African Sleeping sickness cause through proliferation of kinetopastid forms in erythrocytes

A

Fever, lymphadenopathy, Splenomegaly, brain dysfunction, cachexia, and death

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29
Q

What transmits African Sleeping?

A

tsetse fly

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30
Q

What is Winterbottom’s sign?

A

Pronounced lymphadenopathy

31
Q

Winter bottom’s sign precedes what?

A

CNS symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness

32
Q

IFN gamma stimulates what in ASS?

A

Parasite growth

33
Q

What causes tissue destruction in ASS?

A

Ag-Ab complex deposition and release of lysosomal enzymes form degenerating phagocytes

34
Q

In ASS what forms at site of insect bite?

A

Large red rubbery chancre (ulcer plus large mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate)

35
Q

Most frequent cause of heart failure in Brazil/Latin America?

A

Chaga’s disease

36
Q

What transmits CD?

A

Kissing bugs

37
Q

What is found at site of entry for CD?

A

Chagoma

38
Q

What does CD infect?

A

Macrophages

39
Q

What does CD penetrate into?

A

Skeletal muscel, smooth muscel, and cardiac muscle

40
Q

Acute CD mainly affects what?

A

Heart

41
Q

Chronic CD affects what?

A

Myocardial cells, nerve cells, lymphocytes

42
Q

4 GI Protozoa?

A

1) Amebiasis
2) Giardia
3) Cryptosporidosis
4) Balantidiasis

43
Q

Infectious form of Entamoeba does what?

A

Resists gastric acid

44
Q

What are Entamoeba supposed to look like?

A

Flask shaped

45
Q

Where is Entamoeba?

A

Cecum and ascending bowel

46
Q

Most prevalent pathogenic intestinal organism worldwide?

A

Giardia lamblia

47
Q

How do you clean water of Giardia?

A

Filtration

48
Q

Giardia associated with what deficiency?

A

IgA

49
Q

What type of Giardia is infectious?

A

Dormant cyst

50
Q

Where do trophozoites of Giardia multiply?

A

Small intestine

51
Q

What causes Giardia diarrhea?

A

Nutrient malabsorption by blocking mucosal surface or damaging microvilli

52
Q

What does Cryptosporidium do>

A

Diarrhea in children, severe disease in immunosuppressed

53
Q

How do you get rid of Cryptosporidium?

A

Filtration

54
Q

Cryptosporidia adhere where?

A

Apical brush border

55
Q

Invasion and disruption of mucosa cause what in Cryptosporidium?

A

Malabsorption and secretory diarrhea

56
Q

Cryptospordium infects what?

A

Macrophages and underlying Peyer’s patches

57
Q

Control of Crypto is done by what?

A

CD4 mediated T-cell immunity

58
Q

Disseminated diseases in immunosuppresed individuals

A

Crypto and Toxo

59
Q

Toxoplasmosis is what?

A

Obligate intracellular protozoan

60
Q

What types of cells can Toxo infect?

A

All

61
Q

How does Toxo bind to host cells?

A

Laminin receptors

62
Q

Toxo infection controlled by

A

T-cell mediated immune response

63
Q

Toxo cysts contain what remain dormant for years?

A

Bradyzoites

64
Q

Toxo worst in which trimester?

A

1st

65
Q

What vector gives Leishmaniasis?

A

Sandfly

66
Q

what phagocytoses Leishmaniae?

A

Macrophages

67
Q

What are Leishmaniar resistant to?

A

C5-C9 complex

68
Q

3 Forms of Leishmaniasis?

A

Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Visceral

69
Q

How does host response affect Leish?

A

Cellular immune response results in granulomas, anorexic hosts have widespread disease

70
Q

Which form of Leish gets you black fever?

A

Visceral

71
Q

Which form of Leish gets you foamy macrophages?

A

Rare diffuse cutaneous

72
Q

Tissue invaders through water transmission enter through where?

A

Nasal mucosa

73
Q

Tissue invaders through nasal mucosa alter what?

A

Sense of taste and smell

74
Q

2 major tissue invaders?

A

Naegleria

Acanthamoeba

Pathology (18 decks)

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