Viral illness 1 Flashcards
How are viruses transmitted?
Secretions or cells
How do viruses damage the host cell?
Entering the cell and replicating at the host expense
How does Epstein Barr Virus attach to host cell?
Complement CD21 receptor on macrophages
How does Rabies attach to host cell?
Acetylcholine receptor
How does Rhinovirus attach to the host cell?
ICAM-1
What special enzymes or promoter element is required for JC virus to get in?
Oligodendrocytes
Hallmark of viruses in infected cells?
Morphologic alterations
What host immune responses will be used to deal with viruses?
Antibody and cell mediated responses
Function of antibodies?
Prevent viremia and prevent re-infection
How does the antibody neutralize the virus?
Prevents attachment
Interferes with viral uncoating
How can antibodies be used in disease states?
Glomerulonephritis
Arthralgias
Enhance cell uptake and promote infection
In the cell mediated response how does the process work?
Mediated by CD8, needs CD4 for initial reaction
Which MHC class does CD8 target?
1
NK cells go after what?
Virally infected cells not displaying MHC 1
Cell mediated response releases interferon y (gamma), what’s it do?
Inhibits RNA translation which hurts viruses more than us
Interferons alpha and beta do what?
Activation of antiviral responses
Two main patterns of viral infection?
Local and Distant
Incubation time for local viral illness?
Days
Incubation time for distant viral illness?
Weeks
Lesions in local viral illness are where?
Site of entry
Lesions in distant viral illness involve what?
Immune mediated damage
What 3 features determine pathology of virus?
1) Distribution of organism
2) Cytopathic features of virus
3) Host immune reaction
What is characteristic of cytopathic features
Inclusion bodies
In what viral illness will I see inclusion bodies in the nucleus?
Herpes
