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LECOM Microbiology MS1 > Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

How will vibrios appear on gram stain

A

gram-negative

curved rods

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2
Q

What are the air and environmental requirements of vibrio

A

facultatative anaerobe
marine organism
halophile

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3
Q

Will vibrios be oxidase negative or positive

A

positive

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4
Q

What are the different types of vibrio

A

Vibrio cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus

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5
Q

What is the pandemic strain of vibrio

A

O1 El Tor

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6
Q

What is O1 El tor the cause of

A

causative agent of cholera

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7
Q

How is Vibrio cholerae transmitted

A

fecal oral contamination; ingestion of contaminated food or water

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8
Q

What is the invubation of vibrio cholerae

A

2-3 days

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9
Q

How does vibrio cholerae cause disease

A

cholera toxin

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10
Q

Where is the cholera toxin found

A

phage mediated, ctx A and ctx B

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11
Q

What is the general result of cholera toxin

A

results in massive loss of water and electrolytes

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12
Q

What is the symptoms of cholera

A

rice water stools

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13
Q

What organism is associated with rice-water stools

A

vibrio cholera

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of the cholera toxin

A

indefinetly binds to Gs protein that activates adenylate cyclase

produces a lot of cAMP
leading to water and electrolyte secretion out of the cell

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15
Q

How will cholera present

A

constant diarrhea that has pus, mucus, or fecal material

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16
Q

What is the treatment for cholera

A

fluids and electrolytes

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17
Q

What are the natural reservoirs for Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

shellfish

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18
Q

How is vibrio parahaemolyticus transmitted

A

ingestion of improperly cooked seafood

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19
Q

What is the incubation time of vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

5-72 hours

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

explosive watery diarrhea

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21
Q

What is the main virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

thermostable direct hemolysin (AKA kanagawa hemolysin)

22
Q

What is the mode of action for kanagawa hemolysin

A

induces chloride secretion by increasing intracellular calcium

23
Q

How will an infection with vibrio vulnificus present

A

swelling, erythema, and pain, development of vesicles that lead to necrotic tissue

24
Q

What does vibrio vulnificus cause

A

wound infections when exposed to salt water

25
Q

What is the treatment for vibrio vulnificus

A

antibiotics and debridement to preven spreading

26
Q

What do vibrios grow on

A

TCBS

27
Q

What is TCBS

A

thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

28
Q

How does vibrios appear on TCBS

A

green agar that turns orange when vibrios grow

29
Q

What is the main virulence factor of campylobacter jejuni

A

flagella

30
Q

What is the function of campylobacter flagella

A

helps it burrow and attach

31
Q

What is the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US

A

campylobacter jejuni

32
Q

How will campylobacter jejuni appear on microscopic examination

A

corkscrew shape

gram negative spiral rod

33
Q

What are the air and environmental requirements for campylobacter jejuni

A

microaerophilic: likes low O2 concentration

Canophilic: liks CO2
prefers growing at 42C

34
Q

What type of agar is used to diagnoses campylobacter jejuni

A

specialized agar containing antibiotics

35
Q

Where is campylobacter jejuni found

A

intestinal tracts of animals (chickens and turkery)

36
Q

How is campylobacter jejuni transmitted

A

contaminated food, poultry, milk, or water

37
Q

What is required for campylobacter jejuni transmission

A

large dose due to susceptibility to stomach acid

38
Q

How does campylobacter jejuni lead to inflammation

A

invades epithelium of small intestine and causes inflammation

39
Q

What are the symptoms of campylobacter jejuni

A

bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain

40
Q

What are the associated syndromes of campylobacter jejuni

A

Guillain Barre syndrom
: ascending paralysis

reactive arthritis

41
Q

What causes ascending paralysis in Guillain Barre syndrome

A

antigenic cross reactivity of LPS and gangliosides

42
Q

How will helicobacter pylori appear on gram stain

A

negative

spiral shaped

43
Q

What type of environment does helicobacter pylori prefer to live in

A

acidophile: can live in the stomach

fastidious
microaerophile

44
Q

What are the main virulence factors of helicobacter pylori

A

urease

flagella

45
Q

What does urease do

A

break down urea and form ammonia and CO2 that surrounds the colony and protects in

46
Q

What does flagella do

A

help helicobacter pylori adhere

47
Q

What is the reservoir for helicobacter pylori

A

humans

48
Q

What are the symptoms of helicobacter pylori

A

full ness
vomiting
nausea

49
Q

What can helicobacter pylori progress to

A

chronic gastritis
peptic ulcers
gastric cancer

50
Q

What individuals are at a higher risk for helicobacter pylori infections

A

hypochlorhydria

51
Q

What is hypochlorhydria

A

low stomach acid; proton pump inhibitor puts you at a higher risk

52
Q

How do helicobacter pylori attach to epithelial cells within the stomach

A

block acid production
neutralize acid with ammonia
burrow into mucus
attach to epithelial cells

LECOM Microbiology MS1 (22 decks)

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