Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter (Exam 1)

Question 1

How will vibrios appear on gram stain

Answer 1

gram-negative

curved rods

Question 2

What are the air and environmental requirements of vibrio

Answer 2

facultatative anaerobe
marine organism
halophile

Question 3

Will vibrios be oxidase negative or positive

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

What are the different types of vibrio

Answer 4

Vibrio cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus

Question 5

What is the pandemic strain of vibrio

Answer 5

O1 El Tor

Question 6

What is O1 El tor the cause of

Answer 6

causative agent of cholera

Question 7

How is Vibrio cholerae transmitted

Answer 7

fecal oral contamination; ingestion of contaminated food or water

Question 8

What is the invubation of vibrio cholerae

Answer 8

2-3 days

Question 9

How does vibrio cholerae cause disease

Answer 9

cholera toxin

Question 10

Where is the cholera toxin found

Answer 10

phage mediated, ctx A and ctx B

Question 11

What is the general result of cholera toxin

Answer 11

results in massive loss of water and electrolytes

Question 12

What is the symptoms of cholera

Answer 12

rice water stools

Question 13

What organism is associated with rice-water stools

Answer 13

vibrio cholera

Question 14

What is the mechanism of the cholera toxin

Answer 14

indefinetly binds to Gs protein that activates adenylate cyclase

produces a lot of cAMP
leading to water and electrolyte secretion out of the cell

Question 15

How will cholera present

Answer 15

constant diarrhea that has pus, mucus, or fecal material

Question 16

What is the treatment for cholera

Answer 16

fluids and electrolytes

Question 17

What are the natural reservoirs for Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 17

shellfish

Question 18

How is vibrio parahaemolyticus transmitted

Answer 18

ingestion of improperly cooked seafood

Question 19

What is the incubation time of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 19

5-72 hours

Question 20

What are the symptoms of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 20

explosive watery diarrhea

Question 21

What is the main virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Answer 21

thermostable direct hemolysin (AKA kanagawa hemolysin)

Question 22

What is the mode of action for kanagawa hemolysin

Answer 22

induces chloride secretion by increasing intracellular calcium

Question 23

How will an infection with vibrio vulnificus present

Answer 23

swelling, erythema, and pain, development of vesicles that lead to necrotic tissue

Question 24

What does vibrio vulnificus cause

Answer 24

wound infections when exposed to salt water

Question 25

What is the treatment for vibrio vulnificus

Answer 25

antibiotics and debridement to preven spreading

Question 26

What do vibrios grow on

Answer 26

TCBS

Question 27

What is TCBS

Answer 27

thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

Question 28

How does vibrios appear on TCBS

Answer 28

green agar that turns orange when vibrios grow

Question 29

What is the main virulence factor of campylobacter jejuni

Answer 29

flagella

Question 30

What is the function of campylobacter flagella

Answer 30

helps it burrow and attach

Question 31

What is the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US

Answer 31

campylobacter jejuni

Question 32

How will campylobacter jejuni appear on microscopic examination

Answer 32

corkscrew shape | gram negative spiral rod

Question 33

What are the air and environmental requirements for campylobacter jejuni

Answer 33

microaerophilic: likes low O2 concentration Canophilic: liks CO2 prefers growing at 42C

Question 34

What type of agar is used to diagnoses campylobacter jejuni

Answer 34

specialized agar containing antibiotics

Question 35

Where is campylobacter jejuni found

Answer 35

intestinal tracts of animals (chickens and turkery)

Question 36

How is campylobacter jejuni transmitted

Answer 36

contaminated food, poultry, milk, or water

Question 37

What is required for campylobacter jejuni transmission

Answer 37

large dose due to susceptibility to stomach acid

Question 38

How does campylobacter jejuni lead to inflammation

Answer 38

invades epithelium of small intestine and causes inflammation

Question 39

What are the symptoms of campylobacter jejuni

Answer 39

bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain

Question 40

What are the associated syndromes of campylobacter jejuni

Answer 40

Guillain Barre syndrom : ascending paralysis reactive arthritis

Question 41

What causes ascending paralysis in Guillain Barre syndrome

Answer 41

antigenic cross reactivity of LPS and gangliosides

Question 42

How will helicobacter pylori appear on gram stain

Answer 42

negative | spiral shaped

Question 43

What type of environment does helicobacter pylori prefer to live in

Answer 43

acidophile: can live in the stomach fastidious microaerophile

Question 44

What are the main virulence factors of helicobacter pylori

Answer 44

urease | flagella

Question 45

What does urease do

Answer 45

break down urea and form ammonia and CO2 that surrounds the colony and protects in

Question 46

What does flagella do

Answer 46

help helicobacter pylori adhere

Question 47

What is the reservoir for helicobacter pylori

Answer 47

humans

Question 48

What are the symptoms of helicobacter pylori

Answer 48

full ness vomiting nausea

Question 49

What can helicobacter pylori progress to

Answer 49

chronic gastritis peptic ulcers gastric cancer

Question 50

What individuals are at a higher risk for helicobacter pylori infections

Answer 50

hypochlorhydria

Question 51

What is hypochlorhydria

Answer 51

low stomach acid; proton pump inhibitor puts you at a higher risk

Question 52

How do helicobacter pylori attach to epithelial cells within the stomach

Answer 52

block acid production neutralize acid with ammonia burrow into mucus attach to epithelial cells