Introduction to Bacteria (Exam 1) Flashcards
What diseases are commonly associated with AIDS
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidium parvum
Pneumocystis jiroveci
What organism is often associated with cystic fibrosis
pseudomonas
What organism is often associated with sickle cell anemia
Salmonella
What are the gram positive cocci bacteria
staph aureus staph saprophyticus staph pyrogenes staph argalactiae staph pneumonia
What are the gram positive rod bacteria
bacillus anthracis
clostridium botulinum
corneybacterium diptheriae
listeria monocytogenes
What are the gram negative rods
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Vibrio cholerae
Haemophillus ducreryi
What are the gram negative cocci
neisseria gonorrhea
neisseria menigitidis
maraxella catarrhalis
What are the spiral gram negative bacteria
borrellia buurgdoferi
leptospira interrogams
treponema pallidum
What type of bacteria will form spores
Bacillus
Clostridium
How will mycoplasma appear on a gram stain and why
will not appear due to lack of cell wall
What will be seen in place of seeing mycoplasma on a gram stain
neutrophils showing sign of infection
What are examples of direct examination methods
wet mount
KOH prep
contrasting dyes
What is a wet mount used for
parasites and fungi
What is KOH prep used for
dissolve background material
What are the contrasting dyes
lactophenol cotton blue, iodine, india ink
What are examples of differential stains
gram staining
Silver stain
Wright-Giemsa stain
Acid fast stains
What is Silver stain used for
H. pylori
What is Wright Giemsa stain used for
blood parasites and inclusion bodies
What is acid fast stains used for
TB
What is the only gram positive diplococci
strep pneumo
How will chlamydia appear on gram stain and why
just see neutrophils, no bacteria. It is an intracellular bacteria
What is an obligate anaerobe
no oxygen
What is an example of an obligate anaerobe bacteria
clostridia
What is the appearance of anthrax on gram stain
box-car like arrangement
gram positive rods with spores
What are pleomorphic rods
resemble a tennis racquet or tadpole
What are examples of curved gram negative rods
vibrio cholera
all GI bugs
What are bipolar rods
resemble a safety pin, stained only on the ends
WHat type of organisms can be seen on wet mount
parasites and fungi
What type of organisms will appear on iodine stain
parasites
What is an india ink stain used to view
capsule
What stains can be used to view fecal protozoa
iron hematoxylin
trichrome stain
What organisms can be seen on methenamine silver stain
parasites, PCP
What organisms can be viewed on calcofluor white stain
fungi
What is the use of inert labe media
used to facultative intracellular or excellular bacteria
What characteristics can inert labe media be
non-selective
selective/differential
specialized
How are obligate intracellular organisms cultured
unable to culture these organisms
What are the different hemolysis patterns seen on blood agar
beta
alpha
gamma
What is beta hemolysis
complete hemolysis: clear
What is alpha hemolysis
incomplete lysis: green pigment
What is gamma hemolysis
no hemolysis; just grows
What organisms that grow on blood agar grow on chocolate agar
all of them
What is MacConkey agar selective and differential for
selective: gram negative rods
differential: lactose fermenters
What does osin methylene blue agar differentiate
lactose fermenters
What is Hektoen Enteric Agar used to differentiate
Salmonella
What does salmonella produce on a Hektoen enteric agar plate
black pigment (H2S)
What agar is differential for EHEC
sorbital MacConkey (SMAC) agar
What is bile esculin agar differential for
enterococcus
What is mannitol salt agar differential for
staph aureus
What agar is used to culture legionella
buffered charcoal yeast extract agar
What agar is used to culture vibrio
thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar
What organism can be cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar
fungi
What are the miscellaneous growth requirements of mycoplasma
cholesterol and pruines
pyrimidines
What are the miscellaneous growth requirements of Francisella tulatensis
cysteine and iron
What are the miscellaneous growth requirements of Haemophilus influenza
X (heme) and V (NAD) factors
