Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM Microbiology MS1 > Gram Positive Rods (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Gram Positive Rods (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

List the aerobic spore forming gram positive rods

A

bacillis anthracis

bacillis cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the anaerobic spore forming gram positive rods

A

clostridium spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the non-spore forming gram positive rods

A

Listeria

corynebacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of shape does listeria have

A

uniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of shape does corynebacterium have

A

irregular cornyform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of disease does bacillus anthracic give rise to

A

anthrax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of disease does bacillus cereus give rise to

A

gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What organism displays a box car like arrangement

A

bacillus anthracis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How will bacillus anthracis appear on gram stain

A

gram positive rods, boxy car with spores in chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the O2 requirements for anthrax and its motility

A

non-motile

aerobic: needs O2 to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If bacillus anthracis does not have o2 what occurs

A

it makes a spore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is anthrax found

A

ubiquitous, air, water, soil, vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are virulence factors produced by bacillus anthracis

A

capsule
anthrax toxin
endospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of capsule is seen on bacillus anthrax

A

poly-D glutamic capsule: amino acid/protein capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of charge does the bacillus anthrax capsule have

A

negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of bacillus anthrax capsule

A

inhibits host phagocytosis and host immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What encodes the capsule of anthrax

A

pxO1 plasmid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What encodes the anthrax toxin

A

pXO1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many components compose the anthrax toxin

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three components of the anthrax toxin

A 
Protective antigen (PA)
Edema factor (EF)
Lethal factor (LF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the different ways the anthrax toxin can combine

A 
EF+PA= edema toxin
LF+PA= lethal toxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

WHat is te physiological effect of edema toxin from anthrax

A

activates adenylate cyclase. increases cAMP causing edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the physiological effect of the lethal toxin of anthrax

A

Zinc dependent protease cleaves MAP kinase causing cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the different types of anthrax

A

cutaneous
inhalation
gastrointestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is anthrax transmitted

A

most commonly infects wild and domestic hoofed animals

spread through direct contact with bacteria and spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is anthrax human to human transfer

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the most common form of anthrax

A

cutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How will cutaneous anthrax present

A

enters through skin, first cause edema (edema toxin) then a black pustule eschar (lethal toxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is pulmonary anthrax transmitted

A

inhalation of spores from contaminated soil, dried or processed skins, and hides, or infected animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Do spores have a taste or smell

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many anthrax spores do you need for infection

A

2500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How will pulmonary anthrax present

A

initial influenza symptoms: fever, myalgia, cough malais

rapid progression into respiratory distress, fever, shock, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What organism is associated with mediastinal widening

A

bacillus anthrax (inhalation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Describe the course of infection of inhalation anthrax

A

Into the lungs. Macrophages ingest the spores and go to mediastinal lymph nodes

Spores germiante into active bacilli and produce toxins that lyse the macrophages and release bacilli into bloodstream

More toxins produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are possible ways to get GI anthrax

A

ingesting undercooked meat from anthrax infected animals

drink unchlorinated water harboring anthrax spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How will GI anthrax present

A

abdominal distress, fever, septicemia, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What population is at risk of developing anthrax

A

workers who process hides, hair, wool, bone, and bone products

ranchers
veterinarians
bioterrorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How is anthrax diagnosed

A

Culture on blood agar
gram stain
PCR for anthrax toxin genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How does anthrax cultured on blood agar help identify

A

characteristic colony morphology: large, dry, colonies with irregular edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are two forms of bacillus cereus

A

Emetic

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the incubation and duration time of emetic bacillus cereus

A

<6 hours incubation

8-10 hours duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the incubation and duration time of diarrhea bacillus cereus

A

> 6 hours incubation

20-36 hours duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What toxin is responsible for the emetic form of Bacillus cereus

A

heat stable enterotoxin

44
Q

What toxin is responsible for the diarrhea Bacillus cerus

A

heat labile enterotoxin

45
Q

How does the heat labile enterotoxin lead to diarrhea

A

increases cAMP, leads to profuse watery diarrhea

46
Q

What foods are associated with emetic bacillus cereus

47
Q

What foods are associated with diarrhea bacillus

A

meats and veggies

48
Q

How will bacillus cereus lead to ocular infections

A

transmission via trauma to the eye with an object contaminated with soil

49
Q

What toxins are involved in ocular infections of bacillus cereus

A

necrotic toxin
cereolysin
phospholipase C

50
Q

How will listeria monocytogenes appear on gram stain

A

gram positive rods

51
Q

What is the oxygen requirement of listeria monocytogenes

A

facultative anaerobe, intracellular

52
Q

Describe the motility of listeria monocytogenes

A

highly motile

53
Q

What are the two ways that listeria is highly motile

A

flagella and actin tails

54
Q

How does flagella aid in listeria movement

A

extracellular, allows end over end tumbling motility

55
Q

How does actin tails aid in listeria movement

A

intracellular

56
Q

Where are listeria monocytogenes found

A

Normally found in soil, vegetation, water, and intestinal tract of many animals

57
Q

What is the preferred temperature for Listeria growth

58
Q

Describe how listeriosis will present in pregnant women

A

flu like illness

59
Q

How does a pregnant women get listeria

60
Q

What is a concern for pregnant women who get listeria

A

crosses the placenta

61
Q

Describe how listeriosis will present in a fetus

A

still born

62
Q

How did a fetus contract listeria

A

crossed the placenta

63
Q

How does listeriosis present in a newborn

A

neonatal meningitis

64
Q

How did a newborn contract listeria

A

during birth

65
Q

How will listeriosis present in immunocompromised/elderly adults

A

meningitis

66
Q

How did immunocompromised and elderly adults get listeria

67
Q

How is listeriosis transmitted

A

ingestion of contaminated food

68
Q

What foods are common for listeria

A 
milk
soft cheeses
cold cuts
hotdogs
raw veggies
coleslaw
69
Q

What is the incubation of listeriosis

A

11-70 days, average 31

70
Q

What does the long incubation for listeriosis causes

A

hard to trace a source

71
Q

What is the pathogenesis of listeria

A 
Invades M cells
escapes the phagosomes
multiplies
uses actin tail for motility
infects adjacent cells to avoid the immune system
72
Q

What are the ways in which listeria causes disease

A

adheres and invades
escapes phagosome
uses actin tail for motility

73
Q

How do listeria adhere and invade

A

Internalins

74
Q

What are the internalins of listeria

A

InlA and InlB

75
Q

What do internalins do in listeria

A

interact with glycoprotein receptors on host cell surface

76
Q

How do listeria escape phagosome specifically

A

Listeriolysin O (LLO)

77
Q

What does Listeriolysin O do

A

lyse the phagosome after endocytosis

78
Q

How does listeria use actin

A

ActA protein

79
Q

What does ActA protein do

A

form the actin tail

80
Q

How is listeria diagnosed

A

culture
cold enrichment
weakly b hemolytic with s. aureus
CAMP test

81
Q

What organism is a CAMP test used to diagnose

82
Q

What occurs during a CAMP test

A

listeria is beta hemolytic when in the presence of S. aureaus; arrowhead shapes

83
Q

What organism can cold enrichment be used to identify

84
Q

What does listeria do in cold enrichment

A

grows at colder temps than other organisms

85
Q

How will cornybacterium diptheria appear on gram stain

A

gram positive rods with irregular club like shape

86
Q

What is the reservoir for cornybacterium diptheria

87
Q

What are the two types of diphtheria infections

A

respiratory

cutaneous

88
Q

How is respiratory diptheria infections transmitted

A

respiratory aerosols

89
Q

How is cutaneous diphtheria infections transmitted

A

skin contact

90
Q

What is the main virulence factor of corynebacterium diptheria

A

diptheria toxin

91
Q

What is the diptheria toxin

A

phage mediated, produced at site of infection and dissemianthe through the blood

92
Q

Where are receptors for diphtheria toxin

A

on heart and nerve cells

93
Q

What is the mode of action of the diptheria toxin

A

ADP ribosyl transferase

Inactivates elongation factor 2 to inhibit protein synthesis

94
Q

What organism is associated with a thick gray pseudomembrane in the pharynx

A

respiratory diptheria

95
Q

What causes the damage in respiratory diptheria

96
Q

How will respiratory diptheria present

A

malais, sore throat, fever, exudative pharyngitis

97
Q

What is incubation period for respiratory diptheria

98
Q

What are potential complications of respiratory diptheria

A

myocarditis

neurotoxicity

99
Q

What will happen if you scrape the pseudomembrane of diptheria

A

it will bleed

100
Q

Why will the pseudomembrane of diptheria bleed

A

combination of bacteria, WBC, and necrotic tissue

101
Q

How will cutaneous diptheria present

A

chronic non healing ulcer

102
Q

How does one get cutaneous diptheria

A

skin contact, gains entry to subcutaneous tissue through break in skin

103
Q

How is cornybacterium diptheria diagnoses

A

cysteine tellurite blood agar

104
Q

How does cornybacterium diptheria appear on cysteine tellurite blood agar

A

grayish black colonise (tellurite)

brown halos surrounding (cysteine)

105
Q

What is the vaccination for diptheria

LECOM Microbiology MS1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions