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LECOM Microbiology MS1 > Fastidious Gram Negative Rods (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Fastidious Gram Negative Rods (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean if an organism is fastidious

A

difficult to grow, only grows in specially fortified artificial culture media

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2
Q

What are the different organisms within the haemophilus family

A

Haemophilus inflenzae
Haemophilus aegypticus
Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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3
Q

What does haemophilus aegypticus

A

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

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4
Q

What does haemophilus ducreyi cause

A

chancroid (STD)

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5
Q

What does haemophilus parainflenzae causes

A

URTI, LRTI, endocarditis

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6
Q

How will the gram stain of haemophilus inflenzae appear

A

gram negative coccobacilli

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7
Q

What growth medium will haemphlus inflenzae grow on

A

chocolate agar

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8
Q

What factors do h. influenzae need

A

factors X and V

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9
Q

Will h. inflenzae grow on blood or macconkey agar

A

neither

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10
Q

What growth factors are required for h. inflenzae

A

X= hemin

V=NAD

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11
Q

What is the major virulence factors of haemophilus inflenzae

A

polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
endotoxin LPS

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12
Q

WHat type of capsule is found on H. inflenzae type B

A

polyribitol phosphate

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13
Q

What makes certain strains of H. inflenzae untypeable

A

lack capsule

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14
Q

What does H. inflenzae cause in infants

A

meningitis

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15
Q

What are the clinical diseases associated with H. influenzae

A

meningitis
epiglottis
cellulitis

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16
Q

What age group is most at risk for H. inflenzae meningitis

A

3-18 months

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17
Q

What age is most at risk for H inflenzae epiglottis

A

2-4 years, mostly male

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18
Q

What occurs in epiglottitis H. influenzae

A

cellulits, swelling of the epiglottis

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19
Q

What occurs in H. inflenzae cellulitis

A

periorbital, cheeks rash

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20
Q

How is H. inflenzae diagnosed

A

gram stain
culture
satellit phenomenon with S. aureus
growth on chocolate agar

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21
Q

What diseases are associated with nontypeabale H. inflenzae

A

acute otitis media
sinus infections
acute bronchitis

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22
Q

How will aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans appear on gram stain

A

negative coccobacillus

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23
Q

What are the characteristic of growth of aggregatibacter actinomycetcomitans

A

sticky bacteria, grows slowly in culture

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24
Q

Where are aggregatibacter found

A

natural flora of the mouth

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25
What are the virulence factors associated with aggregatibacter
adherence proteins biofilm polysaccharides LtxA leukotoxin
26
What organism is associated with juvenile periodontitis
aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
27
How will endocarditis associated with aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans present
3 months to present; significant embolization and bruising in extremities
28
What are the most common causes of endocarditis
``` haemophilus parainflenzae cardiobacterium hominus eikenella corrodens kingella kingae aggregatibacter ```
29
How will Bordetella pertussis appear on gram stain
gram negative coccobacillus
30
What virulence factors are associated with bordetella pertussis
``` filamentous hemagglutinin pertactin tracheal cytotoxin pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase toxin ```
31
What role does filamentous hemagglutinin play in virulence of bordetella pertusis
binds to ciliated cells in the trachea
32
What role does pertactin play in virulence of bordetella pertusis
binds to ciliated cells in the trachea
33
What role does the tracheal cytotoxin play in virulence of bordetella pertussis
low: ciliostasis High: cytotoxic
34
How does bordetella pertusis affect the cilia of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract
causes stasis of the cilia and prevents clearance of mucus
35
What are the toxins associated with bordetella pertusis
pertussin toxin | adenylate toxin
36
What is the MOD of pertussis toxin
ADP ribosylation of Gi
37
What is the MOD of adenylate toxin
increase conversion of ATP to cAMP
38
How does the pertussis toxin compare to the cholera toxin
inhibits Gai to increase cAMP to increase production of mucus
39
How is bordetella pertussis transmitted. What is the reservoir
humans: | person to person transmission
40
What is the clinical presentation of pertussis
bacterial number peaks during catarrhal; you spread the infection before the charachteristic courgh
41
Pertussis toxin causes infiltration of what
leukocytes (leukocytosis)
42
Leukocytosis is unsual for what
bacterial infections typically
43
What are the 3 stages of pertussis
catarrhal paroxysmal convalescent
44
What are the symptoms during catarrhal stage
runny nose, low grade fever, mild occasional cough, highly contagious
45
What are the symptoms during paraoxysmal stage
numerous rapid coughs followed by whoop sound, vomitins, and exhaustion after coughing fits
46
What are the symptoms during convalescent phase
gradual recovery, coughing lessens but fits of coughing may return
47
What type of vaccines are available
whole cell: inactivated vaccine | acellular vaccine
48
What are the side effects of whole cell vaccine
neurological problems especially
49
What is part of the acellular vaccine
pertussis toxin+ FH, fimbriae, pertactin
50
What are the vaccines for pertussis
DTP,, DTap, Tdap
51
What form of the pertussis vaccine can be given to pregnant women
Tdap
52
How is pertussis diagnosed
nasopharyngeal aspirate Regan Lowe charcoal medium direct fluorescent antibody staining PCR
53
What type of agar can be used for Bordetella pertussis
Regam Lowe charcoal medium
54
What is the treatment for pertussis
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin) immunize hospitalize DOC Paryoxysms unaffected by treatment
55
What disease is associated with bordetella parapertussis
milder whooping cough
56
What is not produced in bordetella parapertussis infecitons
pertussis toxin
57
What diseases are associated with bordetella bronchiseptica
kennel cough in dogs snuffles in rabbits atrophic rhinitis in swine
58
Who is most at risk of getting infected with legionella pneumophilia
nosocomial smokers high alcohol intake
59
How is legionella pneumophilla spread
contaminated aerosols
60
Where will legionella be found within the host
alveolar macrophages, monocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells
61
What do legionella prevent as part of virulence factor
phagolysosomal fusion
62
HOw might legionella survive outside of the host
multiply in free living amoeba
63
What are the natural hosts for legionella
amoeba
64
How does legionella cause tissue damage
prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion, stimulates immune response which causes damage
65
What is the incubation and clinical manifestation of legionnaire disease
2-10 days abrupt onset of fever, headache, pleurisy, chills, myalgia, dry cough multiorgan involvement
66
What is pontiac fever
mild systemic disease with symptoms resembling inflenza, caused by legionella infection
67
How will legionella appear on gram stain
pleomorphic gram negative rods
68
What stains legionella better than a gram stain
dieterle silver stain
69
What agar is used to diagnose legionella
buffered charcoal yeast agar
70
What growth requirements are needed to grow legionella
L cysteine and iron salts
71
What are the two main lab tests used for diagnosis of legionella
urinary antigen tests | nucleic acid amplification assays
72
What does urinary antigen tests test for
LPS antigens in urine

LECOM Microbiology MS1 (22 decks)

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