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LECOM Microbiology MS1 > Fastidious Gram Negative Rods (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Fastidious Gram Negative Rods (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it mean if an organism is fastidious

A

difficult to grow, only grows in specially fortified artificial culture media

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2
Q

What are the different organisms within the haemophilus family

A

Haemophilus inflenzae
Haemophilus aegypticus
Haemophilus ducreyi
Haemophilus parainfluenzae

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3
Q

What does haemophilus aegypticus

A

conjunctivitis (pink eye)

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4
Q

What does haemophilus ducreyi cause

A

chancroid (STD)

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5
Q

What does haemophilus parainflenzae causes

A

URTI, LRTI, endocarditis

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6
Q

How will the gram stain of haemophilus inflenzae appear

A

gram negative coccobacilli

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7
Q

What growth medium will haemphlus inflenzae grow on

A

chocolate agar

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8
Q

What factors do h. influenzae need

A

factors X and V

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9
Q

Will h. inflenzae grow on blood or macconkey agar

A

neither

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10
Q

What growth factors are required for h. inflenzae

A

X= hemin

V=NAD

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11
Q

What is the major virulence factors of haemophilus inflenzae

A

polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
endotoxin LPS

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12
Q

WHat type of capsule is found on H. inflenzae type B

A

polyribitol phosphate

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13
Q

What makes certain strains of H. inflenzae untypeable

A

lack capsule

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14
Q

What does H. inflenzae cause in infants

A

meningitis

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15
Q

What are the clinical diseases associated with H. influenzae

A

meningitis
epiglottis
cellulitis

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16
Q

What age group is most at risk for H. inflenzae meningitis

A

3-18 months

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17
Q

What age is most at risk for H inflenzae epiglottis

A

2-4 years, mostly male

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18
Q

What occurs in epiglottitis H. influenzae

A

cellulits, swelling of the epiglottis

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19
Q

What occurs in H. inflenzae cellulitis

A

periorbital, cheeks rash

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20
Q

How is H. inflenzae diagnosed

A

gram stain
culture
satellit phenomenon with S. aureus
growth on chocolate agar

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21
Q

What diseases are associated with nontypeabale H. inflenzae

A

acute otitis media
sinus infections
acute bronchitis

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22
Q

How will aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans appear on gram stain

A

negative coccobacillus

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23
Q

What are the characteristic of growth of aggregatibacter actinomycetcomitans

A

sticky bacteria, grows slowly in culture

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24
Q

Where are aggregatibacter found

A

natural flora of the mouth

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25
Q

What are the virulence factors associated with aggregatibacter

A

adherence proteins
biofilm polysaccharides
LtxA leukotoxin

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26
Q

What organism is associated with juvenile periodontitis

A

aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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27
Q

How will endocarditis associated with aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans present

A

3 months to present; significant embolization and bruising in extremities

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28
Q

What are the most common causes of endocarditis

A 
haemophilus parainflenzae
cardiobacterium hominus
eikenella corrodens
kingella kingae
aggregatibacter
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29
Q

How will Bordetella pertussis appear on gram stain

A

gram negative coccobacillus

30
Q

What virulence factors are associated with bordetella pertussis

A 
filamentous hemagglutinin
pertactin
tracheal cytotoxin
pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
31
Q

What role does filamentous hemagglutinin play in virulence of bordetella pertusis

A

binds to ciliated cells in the trachea

32
Q

What role does pertactin play in virulence of bordetella pertusis

A

binds to ciliated cells in the trachea

33
Q

What role does the tracheal cytotoxin play in virulence of bordetella pertussis

A

low: ciliostasis
High: cytotoxic

34
Q

How does bordetella pertusis affect the cilia of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract

A

causes stasis of the cilia and prevents clearance of mucus

35
Q

What are the toxins associated with bordetella pertusis

A

pertussin toxin

adenylate toxin

36
Q

What is the MOD of pertussis toxin

A

ADP ribosylation of Gi

37
Q

What is the MOD of adenylate toxin

A

increase conversion of ATP to cAMP

38
Q

How does the pertussis toxin compare to the cholera toxin

A

inhibits Gai to increase cAMP to increase production of mucus

39
Q

How is bordetella pertussis transmitted. What is the reservoir

A

humans:

person to person transmission

40
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pertussis

A

bacterial number peaks during catarrhal; you spread the infection before the charachteristic courgh

41
Q

Pertussis toxin causes infiltration of what

A

leukocytes (leukocytosis)

42
Q

Leukocytosis is unsual for what

A

bacterial infections typically

43
Q

What are the 3 stages of pertussis

A

catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent

44
Q

What are the symptoms during catarrhal stage

A

runny nose, low grade fever, mild occasional cough, highly contagious

45
Q

What are the symptoms during paraoxysmal stage

A

numerous rapid coughs followed by whoop sound, vomitins, and exhaustion after coughing fits

46
Q

What are the symptoms during convalescent phase

A

gradual recovery, coughing lessens but fits of coughing may return

47
Q

What type of vaccines are available

A

whole cell: inactivated vaccine

acellular vaccine

48
Q

What are the side effects of whole cell vaccine

A

neurological problems especially

49
Q

What is part of the acellular vaccine

A

pertussis toxin+ FH, fimbriae, pertactin

50
Q

What are the vaccines for pertussis

A

DTP,, DTap, Tdap

51
Q

What form of the pertussis vaccine can be given to pregnant women

A

Tdap

52
Q

How is pertussis diagnosed

A

nasopharyngeal aspirate
Regan Lowe charcoal medium
direct fluorescent antibody staining
PCR

53
Q

What type of agar can be used for Bordetella pertussis

A

Regam Lowe charcoal medium

54
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis

A

macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)

immunize
hospitalize
DOC
Paryoxysms unaffected by treatment

55
Q

What disease is associated with bordetella parapertussis

A

milder whooping cough

56
Q

What is not produced in bordetella parapertussis infecitons

A

pertussis toxin

57
Q

What diseases are associated with bordetella bronchiseptica

A

kennel cough in dogs
snuffles in rabbits
atrophic rhinitis in swine

58
Q

Who is most at risk of getting infected with legionella pneumophilia

A

nosocomial
smokers
high alcohol intake

59
Q

How is legionella pneumophilla spread

A

contaminated aerosols

60
Q

Where will legionella be found within the host

A

alveolar macrophages, monocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells

61
Q

What do legionella prevent as part of virulence factor

A

phagolysosomal fusion

62
Q

HOw might legionella survive outside of the host

A

multiply in free living amoeba

63
Q

What are the natural hosts for legionella

A

amoeba

64
Q

How does legionella cause tissue damage

A

prevents phagosome and lysosome fusion, stimulates immune response which causes damage

65
Q

What is the incubation and clinical manifestation of legionnaire disease

A

2-10 days

abrupt onset of fever, headache, pleurisy, chills, myalgia, dry cough

multiorgan involvement

66
Q

What is pontiac fever

A

mild systemic disease with symptoms resembling inflenza, caused by legionella infection

67
Q

How will legionella appear on gram stain

A

pleomorphic gram negative rods

68
Q

What stains legionella better than a gram stain

A

dieterle silver stain

69
Q

What agar is used to diagnose legionella

A

buffered charcoal yeast agar

70
Q

What growth requirements are needed to grow legionella

A

L cysteine and iron salts

71
Q

What are the two main lab tests used for diagnosis of legionella

A

urinary antigen tests

nucleic acid amplification assays

72
Q

What does urinary antigen tests test for

A

LPS antigens in urine

LECOM Microbiology MS1 (22 decks)

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