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LECOM Microbiology MS1 > Bacterial Structure (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Bacterial Structure (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the major groups of cells in prokaryotes

A

bacteria

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2
Q

What are the major groups of organisms in eukaryotes

A

fungi, algae, protozoa, plants, animals

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3
Q

What is the size of eukaryotes

A

> 5um

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4
Q

What is the size of prokaryotes

A

0.5-3.0 um

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5
Q

What is the nucleus of eukaryotes

A

classic membrane

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6
Q

What is the nucleus of prokaryotes

A

no nuclear membrane

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7
Q

What is the chromosomes of eukaryotes

A

strands of DNA diploid genome

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8
Q

What is the chromosomes of prokaryotes

A

single, circular DNA haploid genome

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9
Q

Are mitochondria present in eukaryotes

A

yes

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10
Q

Are mitochondria present in prokaryotes

A

no

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11
Q

Are golgi bodies present in eukaryotes

A

yes

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12
Q

Are golgi bodies present in prokaryotes

A

no

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13
Q

Are ER present in prokaryotes

A

no

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14
Q

Are ER present in eukaryotes

A

yes

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15
Q

What are the ribosomes of eukaryotes

A

80S (60S+40S)

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16
Q

What are the ribosomes of prokaryotes

A

70S (50S+30S)

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17
Q

What is the cytoplasmic membrane contain in eukaryotes

A

sterols

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18
Q

Does the cytoplasmic membrane contain sterols in prokaryotes

A

no

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19
Q

What is the cell wall of the eukaryotes

A

except for fungi, most do not have cell wall

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20
Q

What is the cell wall in prokaryotes

A

complex structure containing proteins, lipids, and peptidoglycans

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21
Q

What is reproduction in eukaryotes like

A

asexual and sexual

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22
Q

What is reproduction in prokaryotes like

A

asexual

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23
Q

What is movement like in prokaryotes

A

simple flagellum if present

24
Q

What is movement in eukaryotes like

A

complex flagellum, if present

25
Q

What is respiration via in eukaryotes

A

mitochondria

26
Q

What is respiration via in prokaryotes

A

cytoplasmic membrane

27
Q

Where do transcription and translation occur in bacteria

A

cytoplasm (lacks nucleus)

28
Q

What are the different characteristics of bacteria that can be seen macroscopically

A

colony characteristics
size, color, shape, smell

Growth characterisitics
antibiotic resistance
lyse erythrocytes
ferment specific sugars
hydrolyze lipids
29
Q

What are the different bacterial characteristics that can be seen microscopically

A

size
shape
gram stain
configuration

30
Q

What are the different cytoplasmic structures seen in bacteria

A 
DNA
plasmid
ribosomes
proteins
metabolites
31
Q

What is a plasmid

A

extrachromosomal DNA

32
Q

Why are plasmids important

A

usually have resistance genes, can be transfered to another host cell

33
Q

What are the functions of the cell wall in bacteria

A

protection
maintains shape
Maintain osmotic integrity
assists in attachment

34
Q

WHy is the cell wall in bacteria a good target for antibiotics

A

not found in eukaryotes so only attacks bacteria

35
Q

How do gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in cell wall structure

A

gram positive: thick peptidoglycan layer on the outside of the cell membrane. Contains techoic and lipoteichoic acids

gram negative: single peptidoglycan layer between the outer and inner membrane

36
Q

Why are gram negatives harder to fight against than gram positives

A

outer membrane

37
Q

What are the steps of the Gram-stain procedure

A

1st. crystal violet
2nd Iodine
3rd Alcohol
4th. safranin

38
Q

Why do gram positives appear purple

A

absorbs and hold crystal violet in peptidoglycan layer

39
Q

What are capsules on bacteria

A

polysaccharide layer around bacteria that play a role as a major virulence factor and act as a barrier

promotes adherance

40
Q

What are flagella

A

whip-like; long
both gram + and - have
used for motility

41
Q

What are pili

A

hair-like short projections
only on gram -
adhere and attach to surfaces

42
Q

What is the F pili

A

sex pilus encoded by a plasmid to allow transfer of genetic material from one bacteria to another

43
Q

What is peptidoglycan composed on

A

NAG and NAM molecules

peptide chain attached to NAM will cross link

44
Q

What is another name for peptidoglycan

A

murein

45
Q

What must occur inorder for cross linking of NAG and NAM to occur

A

D-ala-D-ala bond must be broken

46
Q

What molecules link in the NAG NAM linkage

A

alanine with lysine

47
Q

Will the pentapeptide chain come off of NAG or NAM

A

NAM

48
Q

What type of toxin is LPS

A

endotoxin

49
Q

What are the different parts of LPS

A

O antigen
core polysaccharide
Lipid A

50
Q

What type of bacteria will have LPS

A

gram negative

51
Q

How do bacteria undergo cell division

A

binary fissure

52
Q

How is binary fission performed

A

chromosome duplicated

parent cell splits in half to become two daughter cells

53
Q

What is the function of spores

A

highly resistant vegetative state, dormant

54
Q

How long can spores last and when do they stop being spores

A

ability to survive for long periods of time until environment is favorable

55
Q

What are possible causes of germination of spores

A 
mechanical stress
pH
heat
water
triggering nutrient (alanine)

LECOM Microbiology MS1 (22 decks)

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