Vessels + Biophysics Flashcards
What is known as the silent killer?
Hypertension
(T/F) There is no cure to hypertension, just prevention and management
True
High arterial blood pressure is defined as…
Above systolic BP of 140mmHg and above diastolic BP of 90mmHg
What vessel has the highest resistance?
Arterioles
Constriction of arterioles (increase/decrease) resistance
increase
Dilation of arterioles (increase/decrease) blood flow
increase
Constriction of arterioles (increase/decrease) blood flow
decrease
Dilation of arterioles (increase/decrease) resistance
decrease
What vessel has the largest total cross-sectional area?
Capillaries
What vessel serves as a major reservoir of extra blood?
Veins
Artery vs Vein
Which has a thin wall?
Veins
What is systemic circulation?
Carries Oxygenated blood from heart to body and returns deoxygenated back to heart
What is pulmonary circulation?
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs and back to the heart with oxygenated blood
Where is most of the blood in, systemic or pulmonary circulation
Systemic (84%)
What vessel has the smallest cross-sectional area?
Aorta
The largest pressure drop is in what vessel?
Aorta to Arterioles
Pressure is highest in what vessel?
Aorta (100mmHg)
Pressure is lowest in what vessel?
Vena cava (4mmHg)
Blood flow is the volume of blood that flows through a given tissue in a given time. It must equal to what?
Cardiac output
What is the cardiac output for males and females?
Male: 5.6L/min
Female: 4.9L/min
What is the velocity equation?
V = F/A
V - Velocity
F - Blood Flow
A - Vascular area
Velocity is (directly/indirectly) proportional to blood flow
directly
Velocity is (directly/indirectly) proportional to cross sectional area
indirectly
What provides the driving force that keeps blood moving from higher to lower pressure areas?
Pressure gradient
(T/F) Resistance is the impediment to blood flow in a vessel and is possible to measure it directly
False; cannot be measured but rather calculated
What vessels are the major determinants of peripheral resistance?
Small-diameter arterioles
What is the blood flow equation?
F = P/R
F - blood flow
P - Change in pressure
R - Resistance
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to pressure difference
Directly
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to resistance
Indirectly
Poiseuille’s Law
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
Directly
Poiseuille’s Law
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to the viscosity of the blood
Indirectly
Poiseuille’s Law
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to the length of the vessel
Indirectly
Poiseuille’s Law
Blood flow is (directly/indirectly) proportional to the pressure gradient
Directly
(Systolic/Diastolic) pressure is the highest arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle
Systolic pressure
(Systolic/Diastolic) pressure is the lowest arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle
Diastolic pressure
When is diastolic pressure measured?
Heart relaxes and blood is returned to the heart via the veins
When is systolic pressure measured?
After the heart contracts and blood is ejected into the arterial
What is the most important determinant in arterial pressure?
Stroke volume
