Digestion, Absorption, & Vomit Flashcards
Amino Acid are bound by ____ linkage
peptide
Where does hydrolysis occur?
Digestion
Which rxn results in amino acids binding to each other?
Condensation
What enzyme digests proteins?
Pepsin
Where does pepsin occur at?
Stomach
Besides dietary protein, what else does pepsin digest?
Collagen (intercellular connective tissue in meats)
Where does the protease enzyme get secreted from and into?
From pancreas to small intestines
_____ and _____ split whole and partially digested proteins into peptides only
Trypsin + Chymotrypsin
Trypsin + Chymotrypsin split whole and partially digested _____ into _____ only
proteins into peptides
What splits peptides into individual amino acid?
Carboxypolypeptidase
What does carboxypolypeptidase do?
Splits peptides into individual amino acids
Most abundant fats in the diet are ________
triglycerides
Where is lingual lipase secreted?
- Tongue
- Stomach
- Pancrease
Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the _____ cells in the ileum
epithelial (enterocytes)
Bile salts form mixed micelles with the products of lipid digestion and enhancing the absorption of lipids by the epithelial (enterocytes) cells in the ________
ileum
What parts of the digestion does limited digestion of triglycerides occur?
- Tongue
2. Stomach
In the enterocytes, free FA are re-converted to triglycerides and packaged as _____ and absorbed by the _______
chylomicrons + lymphatics
What are the transporters involved in glucose absorption?
Na+ coupled SGLT-1
What are the transporters involved in galactose absorption?
Na+ coupled SGLT-1
What are the transporters involved in fructose absorption?
Faciliated diffusion via GLUT5 transporter
Carbohydrates are absorbed as onosaccharides at the _______ in the small intestines
brush border
To absorb Vit. B12, they must bind to _________
intrinsic factor
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
How are the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?
Requires bile micells for absorption and enter enterocytes by simple diffusion
How are water-soluble vitamins absorbed?
Carriers that are Na+ co-transporters
Where specifically does water get absorbed?
Large intestines
Absorption of water involves the ______ gradient
osmotic
What is the oral hydration therapy?
Restores body fluid volume by ingesting fluid w/ Na+ and glucose and that uptake drives fluid absorption
What channel absorbs calcium?
TRPV6 in all segments
Which gets absorbed in greater amounts, monovalent or bivalent ions?
Monovalent; bivalent ions only 1/50 as great as normal absorption of monovalent
Where are ions absorbed?
Intestinal mucosa
Where is iron absorbed?
Small intestine
Where does the brown color of feces come from?
Derivative of bilirubin
What part of the brain is the emetic center?
Medulla
Chemo-receptor trigger zone is also known as….
Area postrema
Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from blood-borne emetics?
A. Inner Ear B. Area postrema C. Medulla D. Answers A, B and C E. Answers B and C
E. Answers B and C
Select the correct answer. The Area postrema
A. Contains serotonergic neurons B. Lacks the blood-brain-barrier C. Is a circumventricular organ D. Has fenestrated capillaries E. Answers A-D are correct
E. Answers A-D are correct
Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of wanting to vomit as a result of irritation from local irritants?
A. Stomach B. Small intestines C. Serotonin binding to serotonin receptors D. Answers A, B and C E. Answers B and C
D. Answers A, B and C
Which of the following would be most associated with the feeling of motion sickness?
A. Inner Ear B. Cerebellum C. Medulla D. Answers A and C E. Answers A, B and C
E. Answers A, B and C
Which of the following emetics utilizes the LAT transporter?
A) Cytotoxic drugs
B) Opioids
C) Cholinomimetics
D) L-DOPA
D) L-DOPA
Chose the factors or structures that may regulate/influence the emetic response.
l) Hippocampus, ll) Amygdala, lll) Somatosensory cortex
A) l B) ll C) lll D) l, ll & lll E) ll & lll
D) l, ll & lll
