BBB, Meninges, Brain Ventricles, CSF, and Blood Flow to the Brain Flashcards
(Sympathetic/Parasympathetic) NS controls cerebral blood flow
Sympathetic
What are the layers of the meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
What is the function of the meninges?
Pads or protects the brain
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexuses
Where is the choroid plexus found?
Ventricles
Where does the CSF exits the subarachnoid space?
Arachnoid villi (one-way valve)
What major waste products do CSF remove?
CO2, lactate, and hydrogen ions
What is the brain weight?
1500g
CSF vs Plasma
Which has higher water content?
CSF
CSF vs Plasma
Which has higher glucose levels?
Plasma
CSF vs Plasma
Which has higher osmolarity?
Both are the same
CSF vs Plasma
Which is more acidic?
CSF
CSF vs Plasma
Which has higher protein levels?
Plasma
CSF vs Plasma
Which has lower protein levels?
CSF
CSF vs Plasma
Which has lower glucose levels?
CSF
CSF vs Plasma
Which has lower water content?
Plasma
CSF vs Plasma
Which has lower osmolarity?
Both are the same
CSF vs Plasma
Which is more basic?
Plasma
What is the production rate of CSF?
400-500cc / day
What is the ventricular / arachnoid volume?
100 - 150cc
What is the turnover rate of CSF?
3-4 times
What is the treatment of hydrocephalus?
Ventricular shunt tubing w/ one-way valves; this allows CSF to escape directly into bloodstream or peritoneal cavity
What causes hydrocephalus?
Increased CSF in ventricles
Brain has (arteries/veins)
arteries only
What prevents the escape of neurotransmitters from functional sites into general circulation?
BBB
(Hydrophobic/Lipophilic) drugs can cross BBB
Lipophilic
Which of the following can cross BBB?
- Water
- Plasma
- Non-lipid molecules
- CO2
- O2
- Alcohol
- Anesthetics
All of them except plasma + non-lipid molecules
BBB consist of (tight/loose) junctions of the endothelial cells of the _______ capillaries
tight + cerebral
What is the barrier between cerebral capillary blood and CSF?
Blood CSF Barrier (not BBB)
Blood CSF Barrier consist of (tight/loose) junctions of the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries and the _____ plexus epithelium
tight + choroid
If a substance is not lipid soluble, what kind of carriers are used?
Solute carriers
What are the types of solute carriers?
- OAT1/3
- SLCA2A1/Glut1
- SLC7A5/LAT1
What does the OAT1/3 take up?
Beta-lactam antibiotics, statins, + H2 receptor antagonists
What does the SLCA2A1/Glut1 take up?
Glucose (transported down its concentration gradient)
What does the SLC7A5/LAT1 take up?
L-DOPA + Amino Acids
How does blood flow into the brain?
Pial artery, then penetrating arteriole, then capillary
What are the some disadvantages of treating CNS diseases?
- Multiple drug resistant
2. Breast cancer resistance protein
What efflux transporter limits entry of substances into the brain (Multiple drug resistant)?
P-glycoprotein
What happens to the BBB with hypertension?
Opens it
What happens to the BBB when a tumor is introduced?
Develops new capillaries, lacks BBB
How could you shrink fluids of BBB?
IV injection of hypertonic fluids
What area controls hormones of the body/ANS regulation?
Median eminence
What area controls fluid electrolytes + water balance?
Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) + Subfornical organ
What area is also known as the vomit response?
Area postrema
What is the median eminence in control of?
Controls hormones of the body / ANS regulation
What is the Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) in control of?
Fluid electrolytes + water balance
What is the subfornical organ in control of?
Fluid electrolytes + water balance
What is the Area postrema in control of?
Vomit response
