Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Insulin, Glucagon & Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

Insulin, Glucagon & Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin ______ breakdown of lipids

A

inhibits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can lipidemia cause?

A
  1. Coma
  2. CNS depression
  3. Ketone breath
  4. Hyperpnea
  5. Cardiac irregularities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F Proinsulin is composed of A,B, + C chains

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Growth hormones and ghrelin suppress insulin release

A

False; Somatostatin + Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F Proinsulin gets cleaved into insulin & A/B peptide

A

False; insulin & C peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of drugs stimulate insulin release?

A

Sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F High carb diet causes the release of both insulin and glucagon

A

False; protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F Obesity stimulates insulin release

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F Increased blood glucose levels suppresses insulin release

A

False; decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F Glucagon, GH, cortisol will suppress insulin release

A

False; stimulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Glucagon stimulates release of glucose to the blood

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Glucose enters the beta cells via GLUT2 transporters

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glucagon _______ glycogen production

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F Glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F Lipidemia can cause one to have CNS depression and coma

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is polyuria?

A

Diluted urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insulin ______ free fatty acid uptake

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fasting ______ insulin release

A

suppresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does polyuria affect NaCl levels in kidney?

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is polydipsia?

A

Increased thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GI hormones (Incretins) _______ insulin release

A

Stimulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F Glucagon inhibits glycogenolysis

A

False; stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What GI hormone stimulates insulin release?

A

Incretins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens when the tyrosine kinase receptor is activated?

A

Causes phosphorylation of many intracellular enzymes can

Activates other enzyme which changes gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the plasma half life of insulin?

A

6 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When glucagon receptor is activated, what happens?

A
  1. Activates adenylyl cyclase
  2. Increases cAMP
  3. Activates protein kinase A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which have a lack of insulin secretion?

A

T1DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine cells

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F Sleeping causes glucagon secretion

A

False; excercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Insulin _______ glycogen production

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is insulin first synthesized as?

A

Preproinsulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hyperglycemia _______ glucagon stimulation

A

inhibits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What enzyme catalyzes glucose to G6P?

A

Glucokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does polyuria affect renin levels in kidney?

A

Increases

35
Q

What enzyme degrades insulin?

A

Insulinase in the liver

36
Q

T/F Depolarization of ATP-sensitive K channels activate voltage-gated Na+ channels to release insulin from insulin-containing vesicles

A

False; Ca++

37
Q

What does glucagon do to the liver/adipose tissue?

A

Lipolysis

38
Q

Insulin _______ glucose production

A

decreases

39
Q

T/F Increased blood glucose, Increased blood free fatty acid, and increased blood amino acids stimulates insulin release

A

True

40
Q

How many AA are found in insulin?

A

51 AA long

41
Q

How does diabetes affect the eye?

A

Causes angiogenesis, which allows the new blood vessels to be leaky, which are toxic to neurons

42
Q

Insulin receptor is a receptor _______ _______ + a homodimer, which each monomer has one ___ and ___ subunit

A

Tyrosin kinase

alpha and beta

43
Q

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus affects ____% of diabetes pt

A

5-10%

44
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which is likely caused by a viral infection?

A

T1DM

45
Q

How does polyuria affect how nutrients get into the kidney?

A

Less nutrients because of less blood, which causes kidney failure

46
Q

Binding insulin to a receptor, it causes _______ of many intracellular enzymes

A

phosphorylation

47
Q

The two main hormones (GI hormones) are..?

A

GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) + GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptides)

48
Q

How does polyuria affect blood flow in kidney?

A

Vasoconstriction which causes less blood flow

49
Q

What is polyphagia?

A

Extreme hunger

50
Q

Glucagon _______ glucose production

A

increases

51
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which one affects 90-95% of pts?

A

T2DM

52
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation _______ insulin release

A

stimulates

53
Q

What kind of receptor is a glucagon receptor?

A

G-protein coupled

54
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which has a reduced sensitivity of target tissues to insulin?

A

T2DM

55
Q

T/F High blood amino acids levels causes glucagon secretion

A

True

56
Q

Excercise causes glucagon _____

A

secretion

57
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which has an onset at a later age?

A

T2DM

58
Q

What does preproinsulin get cleaved into?

A

proinsulin

59
Q

What is the other name for exocrine cells in the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic acinar cells

60
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which is the autoimmune disease?

A

T1DM

61
Q

What kinds of chains are found in insulin?

A

A + B chains

62
Q

Beta cells in the pancreas produce:

A

insulin

63
Q

What can glucose form as a toxic effect?

A

AGE (Advanced Glycation End Products ) + polyols via aldose reductase

64
Q

There are clusters of cells in the pancreas called the __________ that produces glucagon and insulin

A

Pancreatic Islet of Langerhans

65
Q

_______ are GI hormones that increase insulin release

A

Incretins

66
Q

T/F Sympathetic stimulation stimulates insulin release

A

False; Parasympathetic

67
Q

Sulfonylurea drugs _______ insulin release

A

stimulate

68
Q

T/F Parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release

A

False; stimulates

69
Q

What toxic effect can glucose bring to proteins?

A

Change their function (EX: protein catabolism)

70
Q

Hypoglycemia ________ glucagon secretion

A

stimulates

71
Q

T/F Hyperglycemia causes glucagon secretion

A

False; Hypoglycemia

72
Q

Alpha cells in the pancreas produce:

A

glucagon

73
Q

T1DM vs T2DM; which has an onset at any age, but usually around 14y.o. in the US?

A

T1DM

74
Q

Where does proinsulin get cleaved at?

A

Golgi

75
Q

Insulin ________ lipogenesis

A

stiumulates

76
Q

T/F Preproinsulin is cleaved at the membrane to form proinsulin

A

False; cleaved at ER

77
Q

What is the immediate effect of lipidemia?

A

Increased levels of free FA in blood

78
Q

What damage can hyperglycemia bring?

A
  1. Polydipsia (increased thirst)
  2. Polyuria (diluted urine)
  3. Peripheral circulation failure
  4. Polyphagia (extreme hunger)
79
Q

When do you see lipidemia in T1DM?

A

Severe case

80
Q

T/F Insulin causes glycogen synthesis and glucose production in the liver

A

False; Glycogen synthesis + INHIBITS glucose production

81
Q

T/F Staying in the fasting state suppresses insulin release

A

True

82
Q

T/F Insulin causes synthesis of FA and inhibits breakdown of lipids

A

True

83
Q

Insulin allows increase uptake of glucose by muscle, adipose, and many tissues except where?

A

Neurons

84
Q

Insulin ______ synthesis of proteins

A

increases

Physiology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions