Somatic System Flashcards
C fibers terminate in lamino ____ in substantia ______ of the dorsal root then excite second order neurons of lamina ___
II and III
gelatinosa
V
Where do third order neurons transmit their information?
Cerebral cortex
Pricking, fast, or acute pain is transmitted by _____ nerve fibers
A delta
Where does the information go from the spinothalamic tract?
Thalamus + brain stem
What are the opiate-like substances found in the brain stem and spinal cord?
Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin
(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of pain decussate to opposite side in medulla
False; opposite side in the ventral white
Where do second-order neurons transmit their information?
thalamus
What receptor is similar in both cold and chemical pain?
Nothing is similar lol
Heat pain would be transmitted through which tract?
Spinothalamic tract and anterolateral pathway
Where do first order neurons transmit their information?
CNS
TRPV1, ASIC, DRASIC respond to what kind of pain?
Chemical
Anterolateral pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec
40
Which order neurons are found in the spinal cord or mid brain?
Second-order
What receptor is similar in both heat and mechanical pain?
TREK-1
What nerve fiber is: Meissener’s corpuscle / touch
IA or IIA
(T/F) In the Dorsal-medial tract, the second order neurons decussate to opposite side in medulla
True
(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has the highest degree of spatial and temporal orientation
Dorsal-medial pathway
Opiate-like substances of the nervous system all are breakdown products of three large protein molecules:
pro-opiomelanocortin, proenkephalin, + prodynorphin
MDEG, DRASIC, TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?
Mechanical
What opiate-like substance is found in both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Beta-endorphins
Which order neurons are found in the dorsal root or spinal cord ganglia?
First-order
How does the spinothalamic tract get its signal through?
Synapse is at the dorsal horn of spinal gray matter and crosses to the opposite side in the ventral white
What types of nerve fibers are involved in the analgesic system?
Enkephalin + serotonergic
Match
Fast pain Slow pain C fiber A delta Neospinothalamic Paleospinothalmic
Fast pain + A delta + Neospinothalmic
Slow pain + C fiber + paleospinothalmic
What nerve fiber is: Golgi tendon apparatus / sensory
IA
How does the spinothalamic tract info travel to the thalamus/brain stem?
Anterior + lateral white columns
Dorsal-medial pathways have a velocity of ____ m/sec
30 - 110
With the loss of somatosensory area I, you lose the ability to localize ____ but can identify _____
Discretely
Crudely
Dorsal-medial tract + spinothalamic tract both enter the spinal cord via the _____ root
dorsal
TRPM8 responds to what kind of pain?
Cold
What tract does itches go through?
Ventrolateral spinothalamic tract
Fourth-order neurons are cell bodies found in the different areas of the _______ cortex
sensory
Prolonged pain (annoying) is likely to be _____ nerve fibers
C
Nervous mechanisms that collect sensory info from all over the body such as touch, pain, warm, and cold describe what senses?
Somatic
Slow, chronic, aching pain is transmitted through ___ fibers
C
What nerve fiber is: Pacinian corpuscle / pressure
IA or IIA
Amplitude or frequency of the action potential generation is called what?
Intensity
During sensory transduction, the change in membrane potential is the _____ potential or ______ potential
receptor + generator
Itching is caused by chemical agents such as…
histamines and bradykinin
Fine touch, vibration, pressure, proprioception describe what pathway
Dorsal - medial lemniscal
Anterolateral pathways deal w/ which of the following?
- Pain
- Vibration
- Touch
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Sexual
Pain, Temperature + Sexual
(T/F) The Spinothalamic tract and the Dorsal-medial tract are the same pathways
False, spinothalamic + anterolateral pathway are the same thing
How does the dorsal-medial tract get its signal through?
Carries signal via dorsal column to the medulla and synapses at the dorsal column nuclei and goes to the opposite side in the medulla
What receptor is similar in both chemical and mechanical pain?
DRASIC
Slow pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?
Thermal, mechanical and chemcial
(T/F) Both the Dorsal-medial tract and the Spinothalamic tract enter the SC via the dorsal roots of spinal nerves
True
First-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ or ___ _____ _____
Dorsal root + spinal cord ganglia
Anterolateral pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers
Small + both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the anterolateral pathway
False; dorsal-medial
(T/F) With the loss of somatosensory area I, you are unable to judge pressure against body, unable to judge weight of objects, and its shape/form
True
What nerve fiber is: Slow / Aching pain
C
Which nuclei controls the body’s analgesic system?
Periventricular nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and nucleus raphe
(T/F) The fibers transmitting the sensations of vibration decussate to opposite side in medulla
True
The type of energy transmitted by the stimulus is. called what?
Modality
Where does the information go from the dorsal-medial tract?
Thalamus
What is nociception?
The unconscious activity induced by a harmful stimulus applied to sense receptors
How does fast and slow pain differ in terms of how it is elicited?
Both are elicited by thermal and mechanical, but slow pain also has chemical
Dorsal-medial pathways deal w/ which of the following?
- Pain
- Vibration
- Touch
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Sexual
Touch, Vibration, + pressure
(T/F) The sensations of touch is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway
True
Third-order neurons are cell bodies found in the _____ ___ of the _______
relay nuclei + thalamus
What nerve fiber is: Motor muscle spindle
A gamma
What anatomical areas are involved in the analgesic system?
Hypothalamus, Pons, Medulla, + Spinal Cord
Second-order neurons are cell bodies found in the ____ ____ or ___ ______
spinal cord + mid brain
Which pathway controls pain, temperature, and sexual sensation?
Anterolateral
What receptor is similar in both heat and chemical pain?
TRPV1
A delta fibers terminate in lamina ___ of the dorsal root and excite second order neurons of the ________ ____
I
neospinothalamic tract
Which pathway controls vibration, touch, and pressure?
Dorsal-medial pathway
(Dorsal-medial pathways / Anterolateral pathway) has less spatial oreintation
Anterolateral pathway
Fast pain is elicited by what kind of stimuli?
Mechanical + thermal
What nerve fiber is: Fast or pricking pain
A delta
Dorsal-medial pathways have (large/small) + (myelinated/unmyelinated) fibers
Large + myelinated
What are the 5 special senses?
- Vision
- Hearing
- Smell
- Taste
- Equilibrium
Fast pain (hand on hot stove or heat pain) are categorized as ____ nerve fibers
A delta
TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV 3, and TREK-1 respond to what kind of pain?
Heat
Which order neurons are found in the different areas of the sensory cortex?
Fourth-order
How does the dorsal-medial tract info travel to the thalamus?
Via the medial lemniscus
Which order neurons are found in the in the relay nuclei of the thalamus?
Third-order
The convergence-projection hypothesis of referred pain translates to the convergence of both _____ and ____ pain fibers on the same second-order neurons
visceral + somatic
How can we reduce pain?
- Remove pain stimulus
- Block conduction in peripheral nerve (local anesthetics)
- Block synaptic transmission in CNS ( general anesthesia)
- Activate body’s own pain control system aka analgesic system
(T/F) The sensations of pain is transmitted via the Dorsal-medial pathway
False; anterolateral
