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Physiology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does G_aq do?

A

Activates PLC and regulates inositol phosphate system and releases internal calcium storage

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2
Q

Which have faster conduction, sensory or motor function?

A

Sensory

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3
Q

sWhat are the two components of a receptor?

A
  1. Binding 2. Ionophore
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4
Q

Who makes myelin in PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What is the neurotransmitter used in chemical synapse?

A

Acetylcholine

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6
Q

What are the somatic nerves in charge of?

A

Promote skeletal muscle activity

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7
Q

Where do neurons send their signal through?

A

Axons

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8
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by depressing conduction of ions through ____ or ____ channels

A

chloride + potassium

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9
Q

Alkalosis/Acidosis

Greatly increases neuronal excitability

A

Alkalosis

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10
Q

When cation channels open, the channel is lined with ____ charges and repels _____

A

negative + chloride / other anions

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11
Q

What kind of synapse is used mostly in CNS?

A

Chemical synapse

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12
Q

Small molecule neurotransmitters are synthesized where?

A

Cytosol of the presynaptic terminal

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13
Q

Glial cells undergo ____ ______ in adulthood and can _______ after brain injury

A

Cell division Proliferate

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14
Q

What is the hippocampus involved in?

A

Memory storage

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15
Q

Alkalosis depresses/increases neuronal excitablitiy

A

stimulates

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16
Q

Cation channels open ____, ____, and/or _____ ions

A

sodium, potassium, calcium

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17
Q

What are some possible treatments for MS?

A
  1. Reduce inflammation (corticosteroids, prednisone) 2. Suppress immune response (interferons bind to receptors and activate other proteins + B cell depleting therapy w/ anti-CD20 antibody) 3. Monoclonal antibody targeted to alpha 4 beta 1 integrin
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18
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increasing _____ conductance

A

chloride

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19
Q

Neuropeptide neurotransmitters are ____ acting, but _____ lasting

A

slow + long

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20
Q

At the synapse, impulses ______ transmission, changed from _____ to ______ impulses, and integrated with impulses from other neurons

A

blocked single to repetitive

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21
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis depresses neuronal activity

A

acidosis

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22
Q

GPCR encode roughly ___% of the human genome

A

4

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23
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis

Loss of Cl- because of vomiting

A

Alkalosis

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24
Q

The Cerebral hemispheres belong to which branch of the nervous system? A. PNS B. ENS C. CNS D. ANS E. SNS

A

C. CNS

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25
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by _____ chloride conductance

A

increasing

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26
Q

Small molecule neurotransmitters are _____ acting

A

rapidly

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27
Q

Who produces neurotropic substances and is involved in BBB?

A

Astrocytes

28
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increase of conductance of potassium ions ____ of neuron

29
Q

What does G_a12/13 do?

A

Activates Rho family GTPase signaling

30
Q

Which are smaller, myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Unmyelinated

31
Q

What is the cerebellum in charge of?

32
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by opening _____ channels

33
Q

Alkalosis/Acidosis

Greatly depresses neuronal activity

34
Q

What is the microglia in charge of?

A

Scavenger cell (macrophage in CNS)

35
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by increase in conductance of _______ ions out of neurons

36
Q

Presynaptic membrane contains ______-gated calcium channels

37
Q

Neuropeptide neurotransmitters are synthesized where?

A

By ribosomes in neuronal cell body as parts of large-protein molecules

38
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis SOB, confusion, sleepy

39
Q

What are the two kinds of postsynaptic neuronal membranes?

A

Cation and anion

40
Q

Which have faster conduction, myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

41
Q

What is the basal ganglia in charge of?

A

Regulates movement

42
Q

Alkalosis/acidosis

Over-breathing decreases CO2 and increased bicarbonate

43
Q

MS is known as a _______ disease

A

demyelinating

44
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters achieve their actions by _______ in conductance of potassium ions out of neuron

45
Q

AP depolarizes presynaptic membrane which open ____ channels and flows into the ______

A

calcium terminal

46
Q

What does caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine do to neurons?

A

Reduces threshold for excitation of neurons

47
Q

Who makes myelin in CNS?

A

Oligodendrocyte

48
Q

Which part of the cerebral hemispheres regulate movement?

A

Basal ganglia

49
Q

What does the ANS break down to?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and ENS

50
Q

Of the two types of glial cells, which are scavenger cells (macrophages in CNS)?

51
Q

Which part of the cerebral hemisphere involves memory storage?

A

Hippocampus

52
Q

______ cells communicate within the CNS in partnership with neurons

53
Q

Which part of the cerebral hemispheres involves autonomic and endocrine responses of emotional states?

A

Amygdaloid nuclei

54
Q

When cation channels open, charged _____ ions enter ______ neuron and ____ the neuron

A

sodium + postsynaptic + excite

55
Q

What is in the diencephalon?

A

Hypothalamus + thalamus

56
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters achieve their action by changing internal metabolism of neurons by ______ excitatory receptors and ______ inhibitory receptors

A

increase decrease

57
Q

What is the amygdaloid nuclei in charge of?

A

Autonomic and endocrine responses of emotional states

58
Q

Nearly ___% of drugs target GPCRs

59
Q

What does G_as do?

A

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase and opens calcium channels which increase cAMP

60
Q

What does G_ai do?

A

Opens potassium channels and inhibits calcium channels and adenylyl cyclase

61
Q

Which are smaller, motor or sensory?

A

Motor (generally)

62
Q

Presynaptic membrane contains voltage-gated ______ channels

63
Q

What are the two major types of glial cells?

A

Microglia + Macroglia

64
Q

What is in the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

65
Q

What does the PNS break down to?

66
Q

How is information transmitted from one neuron to another?

A

Action potential (nerve impulses)

67
Q

What two neurotransmitters cause anion channels to open?

A

GABA and glycine

Physiology (24 decks)

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