Learning, Memory, Behavior Flashcards
Where is Broca’s area found?
Prefontal and motor cortex
What area is a major output route of the limbic system for emotion?
Hypothalamus
Beside language comprehension, Wernicke’s area gets info from where else?
Somatic, visual, and auditory
Broca’s area is _______
Word formation
The thought of pain probably depends almost entire on _____ centers such as hypothalamus, amygadala, and mesencephalon
lower
Which of the following is NOT associated w/ decreased potassium conductance in the presynaptic terminal?
A. Prolonged AP at synaptic terminal
B. Prolonged activation of Ca2+ channels at presynaptic terminal
C. Decreased neurotransmitter release at synapse
D. Increase excitability at sensory terminal
Decreased neurotransmitter release at synapse
(T/F)
Structural changes occur in synapses during development of long term memory
True
Word formation is also known as _____ area
Broca’s
Language comprehension is also known as _____ area
Wernicke’s
Skill memory is frequently associated w/ ____ activities
motor
Stimulation of cortex causes ____ pain
mild
Skilled motor patterns for control of larynx, lips, mouth, etc are initiated from where?
Broca’s area
(T/F)
In the process of habituation, no lasting memories are formed
True
What is declarative memory?
Explicit thoughts; smells + situations + visual + sound = experience
Where is the Wernicke’s Area found?
Parieto-occiptio-temporal association area (area of confluence)
Match stimulus with receptor
A. Fine touch B. Vibration C. Pressure D. Temperature E. Muscle length
________Pacinian corpuscle
Pressure mostly, can be vibration
How can intermediate long term memory become simply long term memory?
Through consolidation; achieved by rehearsal of info
Wernicke’s area is ______
language comprehension
Repeated synaptic stimulation can result in persistent change in the sensitivity of a neuron which usually involves an increased excitability called ______
long-term potentiation (establishing memory trace)
Match stimulus with receptor
A. Fine touch B. Vibration C. Pressure D. Temperature E. Muscle length
_______Muscle Spindle
Muscle Length
Amygdala is associated w/ what?
Strong emotions such as fear and aggression; links emotions w/ memory
Long-term memory involves structural + chemical changes at the synapse that includes genes and protein expression called:
synaptic plasticity
Lesions in Wernicke’s area cause what?
Cannot understand spoken/written word
What transfers thoughts, memories, training, etc between the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
The muscular movement of what is responsible for sound?
Mouth, tongue, larynx and vocal cord
Where is the Wernicke’s area highly developed in?
Dominant side of the brain (right-handed ppl had dominant left side of brain)
Habituation is caused by ______ of _____ channels in the presynaptic terminal
closure of calcium
What is aphasia?
Inability to comprehend or use words
A type of thought pattern that does require large involvement of the cerebral cortex is that of _____
vision
Habituation is also known as _____ memory (no memory)
negative
Pain can be reduced by:
A. Removal from painful stimulus B. Block impulse conduction in peripheral nerve C. Block synaptic transmission in CNS D. Activate body's analgesic system E. All of the above
All of the above
Prefrontal association area functions in close w/ _____ cortex
motor
Severing the Prefrontal area could lead to..?
- Deep thinking issues
- Cant solve complex problems
- Had mood swings under unpredictable situations
- Couldnt control behavior in different areas (acted the same as if there were in school vs party)
Areas responsible for forming the memory is the _______
hippocampus
Long-term memory is the result of ____ of cAMP, ______ of adenylate cyclase, and _____ in potassium conductance
Activation
Activation
Decrease
Lesions in Broca’s area causes what?
Cannot speak/write, but understand language
The neurotransmitter released by the facilitator terminal at the synapse w/ the sensory terminal is?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Serotonin
C. Dopamine
Serotonin
The conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory is called:
memory consolidation
What are the two aspects to communication?
Sensory (language input) + Motor (language output)
(T/F)
The memory system identified in the snail consists of the sensory terminal and the facilitator terminal
True
Lesions in Broca’s area causes ____ aphasia
motor
Match stimulus with receptor
A. Fine touch B. Vibration C. Pressure D. Temperature E. Muscle length
________TRPM8
Temperature
What is sensitization?
Prolonged occurrence of noxious/pleasant stimulus + sensory stimuli
Where is the Cingulate cortex found?
Connected to prefrontal cortex and association area
Lesions in Wernicke’s area causes _____ aphasia
sensory
Storage of memory is at ____
Memory Engram
