Plasma Membrane Flashcards
What are the three major components fo the cell membrane?
- Lipids (phospholipids + cholesterol)
- Proteins (integral + peripheral)
- Carbohydrates
What are the major components in the phospholipids?
- Hydrophilic (polar) head
2. Hydrophobic tail
How could you make phospholipids improve fluidity?
Make sure the fatty acids are unsaturated
Where can you find the cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Embedded between phospholipids
What make up the lipid raft?
Cholesterol, proteins, and sphingolipids
What can diffuse thru the bilayer the quickest?
Hydrophobic molecules
What are some examples of hydrophobic molecules?
O2, CO2, N2
What can diffuse thru the bilayer the 2nd quickest?
Small, uncharged polar molecules
What are some examples of small, uncharged polar molecules?
H20, urea, glycerol
What can diffuse thru the bilayer the 2nd slowest?
Large, uncharged polar molecules
What can diffuse thru the bilayer the slowest?
Ions
What are some examples of large, uncharged polar molecules?
Glucose, sucrose
What are some examples of an ion?
Cl-, K+, Na+
What can DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) dissolve?
Polar + nonpolar compounds
How does DMSO interact w/ skin?
Passes thru them easily
What can DMSO do w/ other compounds if they were on skin?
Helps improve absorption
What does FDA approve DMSO for?
Interstital cystitis
What does FDA label DMSO as a fake cure to?
Cancer
How does glucose get in the epithelial cells from the intestinal lumen?
Via the SGLT-1 w/ high concentration of Na+
How does glucose enter the blood stream from the epithelial cells?
Via the GluT2, no need of Na+
What compounds produce osmotic pressure?
Large molecules + ions
To measure osmotic pressure, the ______ number of particles are accounted for
Number, not mass
________ particles do not generate osmotic pressure
Permeable
In a hypertonic solution, water _____ the cell and ______ cell volume
Exits, decreases
