RBC, Anemia, and Polycythemia Flashcards
What are the components of plasma?
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
What does Albumin do?
- Osmotic pressure of plasma
2. Transports lipids, steroid hormones
What does Globulin do?
- Immune function
2. Transports ions, lipids, etc
What does Fibrinogen do?
- Clotting system
2. Can convert to insoluble fibrin
What is the major factor contributing to blood viscosity?
Erythorcytes
Does erythrocytes have mitochondria?
Nope
How do erythrocytes produce ATP?
Anaerobic
How long do RBCs last?
120 days
What do RBC degrade to?
Lactate (90%) & through pentose phosphate pathway (10%)
During the embryonic period, where does the body produce RBC?
Yolk sac
During the mid-trimester gestation, where does the body produce RBC?
- Liver
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
During the late gestation to age 5, where does the body produce RBC?
Bone marrow of all bones
During 20yr+ period, where does the body produce RBC?
Bone marrow of :
- Vertebrae
- Sternum
- Ribs
- Ilia
Hemoglobin contains a protein globin with what kind of chains?
2 alpha + 2 beta
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport how many oxygen atoms?
4
O2 loading in lungs produces:
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)
- Carbaminohemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
O2 unloading in tissues produces:
- Carbaminohemoglobin
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)
Deoxyhemoglobin
CO2 loading in tissues produces:
- Deoxyhemoglobin (or reduced Hb)
- Carbaminohemoglobin
- Oxyhemoglobin
Carbaminohemoglobin
What engulfs dying RBCs?
Macrophages
Where does dying RBCs get engulfed?
Spleen
When Heme and globin are separated, what is salvaged for reuse?
Iron
What happens to globin when it is separated from Heme?
Metabolized into AA
Degraded pigment of bilirubin from Heme leaves the body in feces as_____
stercobilin
Low levels of oxygen in blood stimulates the kidneys to produce what?
Erythropoietin
What is the cause of hemorrhagic anemia?
Acute/chronic loss of blood
What is the cause of hemolytic anemia?
RBCs rupture prematurely
What is the cause of aplastic anemia?
Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow
What is the cause of pernicious anemia?
Deficiency of Vit. B12
What is the cause of Thalassemias?
Faulty or absent globin chains
Sickled erythrocyte result from the change of glutamate to _____ of the beta chain of hemoglobin
valine
Sickled erythrocyte result from the change of ______ to valine of the beta chain of hemoglobin
glutamate
What is Polycythemia?
Excess RBCs that increase blood viscosity
What causes primary polycythemia?
Bone marrow cancer
What causes secondary polycythemia?
When less O2 is available (high altitude) or when EPO production increases
Besides primary and secondary factors, what else can cause polycythemia?
Blood doping
