Vessels and Nerves of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

how does the artery of the upper limb begin?

A

as the subclavian artery above the clavicle

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2
Q

when does the subclavian become the axillary artery?

A

when it runs under the clavicle and through axilla

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3
Q

what happens when the teres major crosses the back of the scapula to anterior part of humerus?

A

axillary artery turns to brachial

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4
Q

what is at risk in penetrative injuries to the axilla?

A

axillary artery

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5
Q

where is the brachial artery palpable?

A

antecubital fossa

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6
Q

which arteries are at risk when the surgical neck of the humerus is fractured?

A

the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

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7
Q

where does the deep artery of the arm arise?

A

brachial artery and runs into the posterior compartment where the triceps are

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8
Q

what does the brachial artery split into?

A

the radial and ulnar

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9
Q

what are there between the brachial and ulnar arteries?

A

collateral arteries that provide a route if the main route is blocked

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10
Q

which artery is found in the antecubital fossa?

A

the common interosseous to the posterior forearm and makes the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

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11
Q

which branches of arteries supply the hand?

A

branches of the radial and the ulnar arteries

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12
Q

what is a characteristic of these?

A

the anastamose with each other

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13
Q

what are the arches called and formed from?

A

superficial palmar arch from the larger branch of ulnar and a branch of radial, and deep palmar arch from larger branch of radial and smaller branch of ulnar

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14
Q

what are digital arteries?

A

small artery that runs up side of each finger

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15
Q

how many systems of veins are there?

A

deep and superficial

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16
Q

what are the main superficial veins?

A

cephalic vein on lateral side and basilic on the medial that run up forearm and through antecubital fossa, the medial cubital vein at antecubital fossa to communicate between the two veins

17
Q

what are the characteristics of superficial veins?

A

the major superficial veins are in back of hand, and form the dorsal venous network, and then drain into the two major veins. The basilic will run into arm and goes deeper and then continues as axillary which is then joint by cephalic further up.

18
Q

what are the characteristics of the deep veins?

A

they run up the hand into the forearm, as they come up they drain in towards the basilic where it becomes deep. They drain into axillary and follow arteries

19
Q

where do the nerves of the UL arise?

A

brachial plexus

20
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A

triceps and muscles in posterior compartment of arm and forearm and splits into the posterior interosseous and superficial branch

21
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

biceps, brachialis and coracobrachialis

22
Q

where does the median nerve go?

A

straight through arm without innervating anything into the forearm, it runs alongside the brachial artery through antecubital fossa

23
Q

what does median nerve do just below elbow?

A

it gives off the anterior interosseous branch, gives off smaller branches that supply the FCR, FCU, Pl and PT

24
Q

what is the main stem of median nerve called?

A

median nerve proper?

25
Q

what does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

small muscles of thumb via motor fibres

26
Q

where do sensory fibres of median nerve go?

A

thumb and first two fingers (lateral side of palm of hand)