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C&M > A4L > Flashcards

A4L Flashcards

1
Q

where is the frontal eye field found?

A

it is found on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe

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2
Q

where is the inferior horn of the ventricular system found?

A

the temporal lobe

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3
Q

where is the posterior limb of the internal capsule found?

A

lateral to the thalamus

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4
Q

what happens with CSF at level of pons?

A

it drains into the subarachnoid space via the lateral aperture

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5
Q

what happens with a suspected dilated third ventricle?

A

compressed third ventricle

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6
Q

how could damage to frontal lobe present?

A

severe mood swings and changes to previously predictable behaviours

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7
Q

what does the forebrain comprise?

A

the prosencephalon comprises the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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8
Q

what do association fibres do?

A

they link regions within the same hemisphere

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9
Q

what could damage to the temporal lobe cause?

A

issues to the flow in the inferior horn of the ventricular system - lateral

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10
Q

what does the internal capsule contain?

A

fibres that run from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

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11
Q

what does the corpus callosum contain?

A

commissural fibres

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12
Q

where is the globus pallidus?

A

outside the putamen

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13
Q

how would a lesion in the left precentral gyrus and frontal lobe present?

A

presentation of poor motor control on the right side and difficulty articulating words

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14
Q

what is the left frontal lobe responsible for?

A

production of words

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15
Q

what is the general association cortex for?

A

integrating different types of information

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16
Q

what does the interventricular foramen do?

A

the lateral and third ventricle

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17
Q

what does the PCA supply?

A

posterior cerebral artery - cortex around the calcarine sulcus

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18
Q

where is the substantia gelatinosa found?

A

the rexed lamina II of spinal cord grey matter

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19
Q

what does the embryological central canal form?

A

the fourth ventricle of the ventricular system at the level of the medulla and pons

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20
Q

what will the dorsal column on the left side of spinal cord contain?

A

ipsilateral joint position and discriminative touch sense from the left

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21
Q

what does the central sulcus separate?

A

the primary motor and primary sensory cortex

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22
Q

what does the vermis separate?

A

the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

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23
Q

what does the facial artery supply?

A

superior submandibular gland - lingual branch of V3 and crosses mandible just anterior to mandible muscle

24
Q

what does the hypoglossal not carry?

A

does not carry sensory information from tongue

25
Q

what is the main function of the cerebellum?

A

coordination for movement

26
Q

which cranial nerves do not originate from brainstem?

A

CN I and II

27
Q

what happens with lesions in gracile tubercle?

A

loss of sensation over the left lower limb

28
Q

what happens with left hypoglossal damage?

A

protrusion of tongue and deviation to left

29
Q

what is a subdural haematoma?

A

accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid

30
Q

what is an extradural haematoma?

A

accumulation of blood between the dura and skull

31
Q

what is the forebrain?

A

it is the prosencephalon

32
Q

where are the arachnoid granulations?

A

between the periosteal dura and the meningeal dura

33
Q

what are dural venous sinuses for?

A

allow venous blood drained from the brain to return to the systemic circulation

34
Q

what comprises the forebrain?

A

the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

35
Q

what would a deep laceration above the left eyebrow that penetrates the skull result in?

A

damaging the left frontal lobe

36
Q

what are folds and spaces in the cortex called?

A

folds - gyri

spaces - sulci

37
Q

how do the cerebral hemispheres develop?

A

massive cellular division and differentiation at the rostral end of the neural tubes leads to development of the cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

what will the dorsal column on the left of the spinal cord carry?

A

ipsilateral joint position and discriminative touch from the left

39
Q

what is found in the trigeminal ganglion?

A

cell bodies of the primary neurons that transmit information about touch sensation from the face

40
Q

what will the medial lemniscus carry on the left side of the medulla?

A

contralateral joint position and discriminative touch from right

41
Q

what would complete hemisection of the brainstem at the level of the closed medulla on the right result in?

A

contralateral pain and temperature sensory deficits from the body
bilateral pain and temperature sensory deficits from the head

42
Q

what will hemisection of the spinal cord at the level of T6 result in?

A

contralateral pain and temperature loss and ipsilateral discriminative sense and positional sense loss

43
Q

what is implicated if a patient is unsteady on their feet in the dark?

A

damage to the gracile fascicle

44
Q

what will result when a peripheral nerve on the left upper limb is damaged?

A

complete loss of touch, temperature and discriminative touch on the left hand

45
Q

where is the spinal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus?

A

on the lateral region of the closed medulla

46
Q

where do secondary somaesthetic neurons pass to from the head and body?

A

from the head to the ventroposteromedial nucleus in the thalamus and to the VPL from the body

47
Q

what do primary afferent fibres carry when touching hot metal and where to?

A

they carry pain and temperature information and enter the caudal spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus

48
Q

what are axons of third order neurons referred to as?

A

projection fibres

49
Q

what does the medial lemniscus recive?

A

discriminative touch information via the internal arcuate fibres

50
Q

what will result from damage to the anterior segmental medullary artery?

A

pain and temperature sensation deficits

51
Q

where does the eighth cervical nerve exit the column?

A

below the C7 vertebrae

52
Q

what is commonly thought about the conus medullaris?

A

that is associated with the lumbar cistern when it is actually not

53
Q

what are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

they have a heart shaped body, round vertebral foramen and long, posteri-inferiorly orientated spinous process

54
Q

how can you differentiate between the cervical and thoracic vertebrae?

A

by their spinous processes - the cervical will appear to have two prongs

55
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments for?

A

they support the spinal cord within the vertebral canal

56
Q

where does the L5 nerve exit?

A

above the S1 vertebrae

57
Q

in the jaw jerk reflex the cell body of the afferent limb is located where?

A

in the mesencephalic nucleus

C&M (36 decks)

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