A4L

Question 1

where is the frontal eye field found?

Answer 1

it is found on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe

Question 2

where is the inferior horn of the ventricular system found?

Answer 2

the temporal lobe

Question 3

where is the posterior limb of the internal capsule found?

Answer 3

lateral to the thalamus

Question 4

what happens with CSF at level of pons?

Answer 4

it drains into the subarachnoid space via the lateral aperture

Question 5

what happens with a suspected dilated third ventricle?

Answer 5

compressed third ventricle

Question 6

how could damage to frontal lobe present?

Answer 6

severe mood swings and changes to previously predictable behaviours

Question 7

what does the forebrain comprise?

Answer 7

the prosencephalon comprises the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 8

what do association fibres do?

Answer 8

they link regions within the same hemisphere

Question 9

what could damage to the temporal lobe cause?

Answer 9

issues to the flow in the inferior horn of the ventricular system - lateral

Question 10

what does the internal capsule contain?

Answer 10

fibres that run from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex

Question 11

what does the corpus callosum contain?

Answer 11

commissural fibres

Question 12

where is the globus pallidus?

Answer 12

outside the putamen

Question 13

how would a lesion in the left precentral gyrus and frontal lobe present?

Answer 13

presentation of poor motor control on the right side and difficulty articulating words

Question 14

what is the left frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 14

production of words

Question 15

what is the general association cortex for?

Answer 15

integrating different types of information

Question 16

what does the interventricular foramen do?

Answer 16

the lateral and third ventricle

Question 17

what does the PCA supply?

Answer 17

posterior cerebral artery - cortex around the calcarine sulcus

Question 18

where is the substantia gelatinosa found?

Answer 18

the rexed lamina II of spinal cord grey matter

Question 19

what does the embryological central canal form?

Answer 19

the fourth ventricle of the ventricular system at the level of the medulla and pons

Question 20

what will the dorsal column on the left side of spinal cord contain?

Answer 20

ipsilateral joint position and discriminative touch sense from the left

Question 21

what does the central sulcus separate?

Answer 21

the primary motor and primary sensory cortex

Question 22

what does the vermis separate?

Answer 22

the left and right cerebellar hemispheres

Question 23

what does the facial artery supply?

Answer 23

superior submandibular gland - lingual branch of V3 and crosses mandible just anterior to mandible muscle

Question 24

what does the hypoglossal not carry?

Answer 24

does not carry sensory information from tongue

Question 25

what is the main function of the cerebellum?

Answer 25

coordination for movement

Question 26

which cranial nerves do not originate from brainstem?

Answer 26

CN I and II

Question 27

what happens with lesions in gracile tubercle?

Answer 27

loss of sensation over the left lower limb

Question 28

what happens with left hypoglossal damage?

Answer 28

protrusion of tongue and deviation to left

Question 29

what is a subdural haematoma?

Answer 29

accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid

Question 30

what is an extradural haematoma?

Answer 30

accumulation of blood between the dura and skull

Question 31

what is the forebrain?

Answer 31

it is the prosencephalon

Question 32

where are the arachnoid granulations?

Answer 32

between the periosteal dura and the meningeal dura

Question 33

what are dural venous sinuses for?

Answer 33

allow venous blood drained from the brain to return to the systemic circulation

Question 34

what comprises the forebrain?

Answer 34

the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

Question 35

what would a deep laceration above the left eyebrow that penetrates the skull result in?

Answer 35

damaging the left frontal lobe

Question 36

what are folds and spaces in the cortex called?

Answer 36

folds - gyri | spaces - sulci

Question 37

how do the cerebral hemispheres develop?

Answer 37

massive cellular division and differentiation at the rostral end of the neural tubes leads to development of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 38

what will the dorsal column on the left of the spinal cord carry?

Answer 38

ipsilateral joint position and discriminative touch from the left

Question 39

what is found in the trigeminal ganglion?

Answer 39

cell bodies of the primary neurons that transmit information about touch sensation from the face

Question 40

what will the medial lemniscus carry on the left side of the medulla?

Answer 40

contralateral joint position and discriminative touch from right

Question 41

what would complete hemisection of the brainstem at the level of the closed medulla on the right result in?

Answer 41

contralateral pain and temperature sensory deficits from the body bilateral pain and temperature sensory deficits from the head

Question 42

what will hemisection of the spinal cord at the level of T6 result in?

Answer 42

contralateral pain and temperature loss and ipsilateral discriminative sense and positional sense loss

Question 43

what is implicated if a patient is unsteady on their feet in the dark?

Answer 43

damage to the gracile fascicle

Question 44

what will result when a peripheral nerve on the left upper limb is damaged?

Answer 44

complete loss of touch, temperature and discriminative touch on the left hand

Question 45

where is the spinal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus?

Answer 45

on the lateral region of the closed medulla

Question 46

where do secondary somaesthetic neurons pass to from the head and body?

Answer 46

from the head to the ventroposteromedial nucleus in the thalamus and to the VPL from the body

Question 47

what do primary afferent fibres carry when touching hot metal and where to?

Answer 47

they carry pain and temperature information and enter the caudal spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nucleus

Question 48

what are axons of third order neurons referred to as?

Answer 48

projection fibres

Question 49

what does the medial lemniscus recive?

Answer 49

discriminative touch information via the internal arcuate fibres

Question 50

what will result from damage to the anterior segmental medullary artery?

Answer 50

pain and temperature sensation deficits

Question 51

where does the eighth cervical nerve exit the column?

Answer 51

below the C7 vertebrae

Question 52

what is commonly thought about the conus medullaris?

Answer 52

that is associated with the lumbar cistern when it is actually not

Question 53

what are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 53

they have a heart shaped body, round vertebral foramen and long, posteri-inferiorly orientated spinous process

Question 54

how can you differentiate between the cervical and thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 54

by their spinous processes - the cervical will appear to have two prongs

Question 55

what are the denticulate ligaments for?

Answer 55

they support the spinal cord within the vertebral canal

Question 56

where does the L5 nerve exit?

Answer 56

above the S1 vertebrae

Question 57

in the jaw jerk reflex the cell body of the afferent limb is located where?

Answer 57

in the mesencephalic nucleus