Arthritis and Joint Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four features of every synovial joint?

A

articular cartilage, synovial membrane, fibrous capsule and synovial fluid

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2
Q

what does the anatomical design of the joint allow?

A

transmission of loads across joint and movement of bone ends relative to each other with minimal friction and wear

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3
Q

what is the function of the synovial fluid?

A

it lubricates the the intra-articular space and provides nutrition to the intra-articular surfaces

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4
Q

what is a simple joint?

A

one which contains two articulating surfaces rather than more than two which is a compound joint

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5
Q

what does the synovial membrane do in arthritis?

A

it pumps up pro-inflammatory chemicals so there is more inflammation and then this results in more fluid

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6
Q

what happens to the cartilage in arthritis?

A

the cartilage wears away until there is no longer a gap between the bones

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7
Q

what is the basis of management of arthritis?

A

reducing inflammation to make the patient feel better and have less pain

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8
Q

what is the commonest type of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis - inflammation, cartilage loss and some joint swelling

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9
Q

why is there inflammation in other parts of the body especially in obese patients?

A

fatty tissue releases lectoms which causes inflammation elsewhere such as hands

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10
Q

what is a symptom and a sign of inflammatory arthritis?

A

morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes and raised inflammatory markers such as CRP

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11
Q

which age group is inflammatory arthritis common in?

A

younger people

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12
Q

which gender and by what factor is rheumatoid arthritis more common in?

A

more common in females - 3:1

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13
Q

which blood test is positive in rheumatoid?

A

CCP to test rheumatoid factor

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14
Q

what is the basis of treatment in rheumatoid?

A

reduction of the immune system

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15
Q

what are some other illnesses common with rheumatoid?

A

TB, inflammation of lungs and heart, osteoporosis

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16
Q

which type of arthritis can affect tendon insertion sites and cause red inflamed eyes?

A

psoriatic arthritis

17
Q

what is the umbrella term for psoriatic arthritis?

A

spondyloarthritis

18
Q

which age group is ankylosing spondylitis most common in and how does it present?

A

younger people and as ‘inflammatory’ back pain

19
Q

which gender is ankylosing spondylitis more common in?

A

men

20
Q

what is the basis of gout and what is the other name?

A

too much uric acid and can be called crystal arthritis

21
Q

how is gout treated?

A

with diuretics and analgesics

22
Q

what does untreated gout lead to?

A

permanent bone damage

23
Q

what are tophi?

A

lumps of uric acid crystals that have formed that are common on ears, fingers and elbows