Pelvis and Hip Joint

Question 1

what is the function of the pelvis and hip joint?

Answer 1

locomotion and posture and bearing weight and protection of pelvic viscera

Question 2

what does the pelvic girdle connect together?

Answer 2

vertebral column to femurs

Question 3

what are the joints?

Answer 3

2 sacroiliac and a pubic symphysis joint

Question 4

what is the difference between male and female pelvis?

Answer 4

the female is wider and shallower

Question 5

what are the inominate bones?

Answer 5

ileum, ischium and pubic bone that fuse and form the acetabulum

Question 6

what provides pelvic stability?

Answer 6

extremely strong ligaments in the pelvis, these are the sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament - these make foramina so structures can get in and out

Question 7

what provides hip stability?

Answer 7

the acetabulum - acetabular labrum (lip of cartilage that deepens the articular surface), the fibrous capsule (around hip joint) and the ligaments (ischiofemoral and iliofemoral - stronger)

Question 8

what fractures of hip are very common in the elderly?

Answer 8

pubic rami fractures

Question 9

what is an open book and vertical shear fracture?

Answer 9

open book is when the pubic symphysis splits wider open and vertical shear is when one part of the pelvis moves vertically relative to each other

Question 10

where can femur fractures be?

Answer 10

subtrochanteric, subcapital, transcervical, or trochanteric

Question 11

what artery supplies the hip?

Answer 11

the femoral artery

Question 12

where does the femoral artery arise?

Answer 12

from the abdominal aorta. The AA divides into the common iliac arteries which then go into internal and external iliac arteries. The external iliac goes underneath the inguinal ligament and into the proximal thigh as the femoral artery. The profunda femoris is a large branch of the femoral artery supplying the hip

Question 13

what can fracture of the femoral neck involve?

Answer 13

disruption and tearing of the medial circumflex artery resulting in loss of blood supply and avascular necrosis

Question 14

what is posterior dislocation?

Answer 14

when the limb appears shortened and internally rotated however with fracture is externally rotated. It occurs when there is impact when the hip is flexed, internally rotated, adducted and sciatic nerve injury may result

Question 15

what is anterior dislocation?

Answer 15

when there is force applied during extreme abduction with external rotation of the hip - limb appears externally rotated, abducted and flexed

Question 16

what is DDH?

Answer 16

development dysplasia of the hip - congenital abnormality. It is when there is lax ligaments around the hip and therefore the head of the femur can move slightly out of the acetabulum

Question 17

what are possible hip movements?

Answer 17

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and medial and lateral rotation of leg

Question 18

where do the extensors and the flexors of the hip lie?

Answer 18

flexors anteriorly and extensors posteriorly

Question 19

what is the prime flexor of the hip joint?

Answer 19

iliopsoas - posas off teh lumbar vertebrae and iliacus off the vertebral fossa

Question 20

what is rectus femoris?

Answer 20

large quad muscle that acts on knee mainly and spans the hip joint - attachment to AIIS and flexes hip joint

Question 21

which other muscles flex the hip?

Answer 21

sartorius

Question 22

what do muscles in the posterior compartment do?

Answer 22

they extend and laterally rotate the hip

Question 23

what is gluteus maximus good for?

Answer 23

forced extension of the hip

Question 24

what is above and below piriformis?

Answer 24

the NVB that supplies the gluteal muscles