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Anatomy > Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Anastomosis

A

the site where two or more arteries (or veins) merge to supply the same body region

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2
Q

End arteries

A

arteries that do not form anastomoses

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3
Q

companion vessels

A

when an artery travels with a corresponding vein

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4
Q

tunics

A

layers of blood vessels

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5
Q

lumen

A

inside space of the blood vessels

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6
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer of the blood vessel wall

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7
Q

tunic media

A

middle layer of the vessel wall and is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells

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8
Q

tunic externa

A

outermost layer of a blood vessel wall, is composed of connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers

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9
Q

What is the thickest layer in arteries

A

tunica media

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10
Q

what is the thickest layer in veins

A

tunica externa

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11
Q

What layers do capillaries have

A

only the tunica intima

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12
Q

Elastic arteries

A

the largest arteries, with diameters ranging from 2.5 to 1 centimeter

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13
Q

What are the elastic arteries mentioned in the book

A

Aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries

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14
Q

muscular arteries

A

have diameters ranging from 1 centimeter to 3 millimeters. These are most of the named arteries that aren’t the elastic arteries

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15
Q

arterioles

A

diameters ranging from 3 millimeters to 10 micrometers

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16
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules. have a diameter of 8-10 micrometers

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17
Q

sickle-cell disease

A

caused by inheritance of a gene for abnormal hemoglobin. causes blockages and infarctions in the body organs

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18
Q

interstial fluid

A

the fluid surrounding tissues

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19
Q

continuous apillaries

A

the most common type, endothelial cells form a complete, continuous lining and are connected by tight junctions

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20
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

have fenestrations within each endothelial cell and are seen where a great deal of fluid transport occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid of the tissues

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21
Q

sinusoids

A

tend to be wider, larger vessels with openings that allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or cells

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22
Q

veins

A

drain capillaries and return blood to the heart

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23
Q

how much of the bodies blood do veins hold

A

about 60%

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24
Q

venules

A

the smallest veins, measuring from 8 to 100 micrometers in diameter

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25
Q

when does a venule turn into a vein

A

when its diameter is greater than 100 micrometers

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26
Q

what forms the one-way valves of veins

A

tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers

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27
Q

let and right coronary arteries

A

emerge immediately from the wall of the ascending aorta and supply the heart

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28
Q

aortic arch

A

ascending aorta curves towards the left side of the body

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29
Q

thre main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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30
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

bifurcates into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

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31
Q

right common carotid artery

A

supplies arterial blood to the right side of the head and neck

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32
Q

right subclavian artery

A

supplies arterial blood to the right upper limb and some thoracic structures

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33
Q

left common carotid artery

A

supplies the left side of the head and neck

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34
Q

left subclavian artery

A

supplies the left upper limb and some thoracic structures

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35
Q

Aortic transections

A

typically fatal

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36
Q

aortic dissections

A

overall about 90% fatal and are very painful

37
Q

what supplies most of the blood to the head and neck

A

left and right common carotid arteries

38
Q

external carotid artery

A

supplies structures external to the skull

39
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies internal skull structures

40
Q

carotid sinus

A

near where the common carotid artery splits (superior border of the thyroid cartilage) it contains pressure sensors which monitor blood pressure

41
Q

baroreceptors

A

pressure sensors

42
Q

superficial temporal artery

A

a branch of the external carotid artery that pulsates vigorously when persons have a headache

43
Q

vertebral arteris

A

emerge from the subclavian arteries and travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum, where they merge to form the basilar artery

44
Q

circle of willis

A

cerebral arterial circle. an important anastomosis of arteries around the sella turcica

45
Q

descending thoracic aorta

A

aortic arch curves and projects inferiorly.

46
Q

bronchial arteries

A

three or four small arteries that emerge as tiny branches from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta. supply the bronchi, bronchioles, and connective tissue

47
Q

esophageal arteries

A

several small arteries that emerge from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta and supply the esophagus

48
Q

left gastric artery

A

supplies arterial blood to the abdominal portion of the esophagus

49
Q

arteries that supply the diaphragm

A

superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, inferior phrenic arteries

50
Q

superior phrenic arteries

A

arise from the descending thoracic aorta

51
Q

musculophrenic arteries

A

arise from branches of the subclavian arteries

52
Q

inferior phrenic arteries

A

emerge from the descending abdominal aorta

53
Q

descending abdominal aorta

A

when the descending thoracic aorta extend inferior to the diaphragm

54
Q

celiac trunk

A

located immediately inferior to the aortic opening through the diaphragm.

55
Q

three branches of the celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

56
Q

left gastric artery

A

supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and extends some branches to the esophagus

57
Q

Splenic artery

A

supplies the spleen, part of the stomach, and the pancreas.

58
Q

common hepatic artery

A

supplies the liver, gallbladder, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the pancreas

59
Q

superior mesenteric artery

A

located immediately inferior to the celiac trunk. supplies: most of the small intestine, pancreas, proximal portion of the large intestine

60
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

most inferior of the three unpaired arteries that arise from the descending abdominal aorta. supplies: part of the transverse colon, part of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.

61
Q

middle suprarenal arteries

A

supplies each adrenal glad

62
Q

renal arteries

A

supply each kidney

63
Q

gonadal arteries

A

supply each gonad

64
Q

where does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcate

A

fourth lumbar vertebrae

65
Q

What does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcation into

A

left and right common iliac artery

66
Q

internal iliac artery

A

branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the pelvic and perineal structures

67
Q

external iliac artery

A

branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the lower limb

68
Q

what are the main arterial vessels of the upper and lower limbs

A

subclavian artery for the upper limb

femoral artery for the lower limb

69
Q

subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to each upper limb

70
Q

where does the right subclavian artery emerge from

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

71
Q

axillary artery

A

the subclavian artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib

72
Q

brachial artery

A

the axillary artery passes over the lateral border of the teres major muscle

73
Q

ulnar artery

A

brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the medial side of the forearm

74
Q

radial artery

A

brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the lateral side of the forearm.

75
Q

superficial palmar arch

A

formed primarily from the ulnar artery

76
Q

deep palmar arch

A

formed primarily from the radial artery

77
Q

digital arteries

A

emerge from the arches to supply the fingers

78
Q

external iliac artery

A

the main arterial supply for the lower limb. is a branch of the common iliac artery

79
Q

femoral artery

A

external iliac artery after it travels inferior to the inguinal ligament

80
Q

deep femoral artery

A

emerges from the femoral artery to supply the hip joint and many of the thigh muscles

81
Q

popliteal artery

A

the femoral artery passed into the region behind the knee. supplies the knee joint and muscles in this region

82
Q

what does the the popliteal artery divide into

A

anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery

83
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

84
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

supplies the posterior compartment of the leg

85
Q

fibular artery

A

extends from the posterior tibial artery. supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

86
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery branch into

A

the medial plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery

87
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A

anterior tibial artery crossing over the the anterior side of the ankle.

88
Q

plantar arch

A

the dorsalis pedis artery and a branch of the lateral plantar artery uniting.

Anatomy (21 decks)

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