Vessels and Circulation Flashcards
Anastomosis
the site where two or more arteries (or veins) merge to supply the same body region
End arteries
arteries that do not form anastomoses
companion vessels
when an artery travels with a corresponding vein
tunics
layers of blood vessels
lumen
inside space of the blood vessels
tunica intima
innermost layer of the blood vessel wall
tunic media
middle layer of the vessel wall and is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells
tunic externa
outermost layer of a blood vessel wall, is composed of connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers
What is the thickest layer in arteries
tunica media
what is the thickest layer in veins
tunica externa
What layers do capillaries have
only the tunica intima
Elastic arteries
the largest arteries, with diameters ranging from 2.5 to 1 centimeter
What are the elastic arteries mentioned in the book
Aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac arteries
muscular arteries
have diameters ranging from 1 centimeter to 3 millimeters. These are most of the named arteries that aren’t the elastic arteries
arterioles
diameters ranging from 3 millimeters to 10 micrometers
capillaries
smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venules. have a diameter of 8-10 micrometers
sickle-cell disease
caused by inheritance of a gene for abnormal hemoglobin. causes blockages and infarctions in the body organs
interstial fluid
the fluid surrounding tissues
continuous apillaries
the most common type, endothelial cells form a complete, continuous lining and are connected by tight junctions
fenestrated capillaries
have fenestrations within each endothelial cell and are seen where a great deal of fluid transport occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid of the tissues
sinusoids
tend to be wider, larger vessels with openings that allow for transport of larger materials, such as proteins or cells
veins
drain capillaries and return blood to the heart
how much of the bodies blood do veins hold
about 60%
venules
the smallest veins, measuring from 8 to 100 micrometers in diameter
when does a venule turn into a vein
when its diameter is greater than 100 micrometers
what forms the one-way valves of veins
tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers
let and right coronary arteries
emerge immediately from the wall of the ascending aorta and supply the heart
aortic arch
ascending aorta curves towards the left side of the body
thre main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
brachiocephalic trunk
bifurcates into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery
supplies arterial blood to the right side of the head and neck
right subclavian artery
supplies arterial blood to the right upper limb and some thoracic structures
left common carotid artery
supplies the left side of the head and neck
left subclavian artery
supplies the left upper limb and some thoracic structures
Aortic transections
typically fatal
aortic dissections
overall about 90% fatal and are very painful
what supplies most of the blood to the head and neck
left and right common carotid arteries
external carotid artery
supplies structures external to the skull
internal carotid artery
supplies internal skull structures
carotid sinus
near where the common carotid artery splits (superior border of the thyroid cartilage) it contains pressure sensors which monitor blood pressure
baroreceptors
pressure sensors
superficial temporal artery
a branch of the external carotid artery that pulsates vigorously when persons have a headache
vertebral arteris
emerge from the subclavian arteries and travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum, where they merge to form the basilar artery
circle of willis
cerebral arterial circle. an important anastomosis of arteries around the sella turcica
descending thoracic aorta
aortic arch curves and projects inferiorly.
bronchial arteries
three or four small arteries that emerge as tiny branches from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta. supply the bronchi, bronchioles, and connective tissue
esophageal arteries
several small arteries that emerge from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta and supply the esophagus
left gastric artery
supplies arterial blood to the abdominal portion of the esophagus
arteries that supply the diaphragm
superior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, inferior phrenic arteries
superior phrenic arteries
arise from the descending thoracic aorta
musculophrenic arteries
arise from branches of the subclavian arteries
inferior phrenic arteries
emerge from the descending abdominal aorta
descending abdominal aorta
when the descending thoracic aorta extend inferior to the diaphragm
celiac trunk
located immediately inferior to the aortic opening through the diaphragm.
three branches of the celiac trunk
left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and extends some branches to the esophagus
Splenic artery
supplies the spleen, part of the stomach, and the pancreas.
common hepatic artery
supplies the liver, gallbladder, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the pancreas
superior mesenteric artery
located immediately inferior to the celiac trunk. supplies: most of the small intestine, pancreas, proximal portion of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric artery
most inferior of the three unpaired arteries that arise from the descending abdominal aorta. supplies: part of the transverse colon, part of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum.
middle suprarenal arteries
supplies each adrenal glad
renal arteries
supply each kidney
gonadal arteries
supply each gonad
where does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcate
fourth lumbar vertebrae
What does the descending abdominal aorta bifurcation into
left and right common iliac artery
internal iliac artery
branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the pelvic and perineal structures
external iliac artery
branch of the common iliac artery. supplies the lower limb
what are the main arterial vessels of the upper and lower limbs
subclavian artery for the upper limb
femoral artery for the lower limb
subclavian artery
supplies blood to each upper limb
where does the right subclavian artery emerge from
the brachiocephalic trunk
axillary artery
the subclavian artery after it passes over the lateral border of the first rib
brachial artery
the axillary artery passes over the lateral border of the teres major muscle
ulnar artery
brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the medial side of the forearm
radial artery
brachial artery branches in the cubital fossa. courses down the lateral side of the forearm.
superficial palmar arch
formed primarily from the ulnar artery
deep palmar arch
formed primarily from the radial artery
digital arteries
emerge from the arches to supply the fingers
external iliac artery
the main arterial supply for the lower limb. is a branch of the common iliac artery
femoral artery
external iliac artery after it travels inferior to the inguinal ligament
deep femoral artery
emerges from the femoral artery to supply the hip joint and many of the thigh muscles
popliteal artery
the femoral artery passed into the region behind the knee. supplies the knee joint and muscles in this region
what does the the popliteal artery divide into
anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery
anterior tibial artery
supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
posterior tibial artery
supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
fibular artery
extends from the posterior tibial artery. supplies the lateral compartment of the leg
what does the posterior tibial artery branch into
the medial plantar artery and the lateral plantar artery
dorsalis pedis artery
anterior tibial artery crossing over the the anterior side of the ankle.
plantar arch
the dorsalis pedis artery and a branch of the lateral plantar artery uniting.
