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Anatomy > Articulations: general features > Flashcards

Articulations: general features Flashcards

1
Q

articulation

A

place of contact between bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth

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2
Q

arthrology

A

scientific study of joints

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3
Q

Kinesiology

A

study of the functional relationship or biomechanics of the skeleton, joints, muscles, nerves

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4
Q

Fibrous joints

A

lack a joint cavity and are held together by dense (fibrous) connective tissue

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5
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

lack a joint cavity and the bones are joined together by cartilage

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6
Q

Synovial joints

A

fluid-filled joint cavity that separates the articulating surfaces of the bones and these articulating surfaces are enclosed within a capsule and supported by ligaments

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7
Q

Synarthroses

A

immovable joints

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8
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints

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9
Q

Diathroses

A

freely moveable joints

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10
Q

pseudoarthroses

A

false joints that occur when a fractured long bone heals i as two separate bones

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11
Q

What are the fibrous joints

A

Gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses

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12
Q

Gomphoses

A

articulations of the roots of the individual teeth with the alveoli

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13
Q

What does gomphoses mean

A

bolt condition

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14
Q

periodontal ligaments

A

fibrous tissue around the tooth holding it into the alveoli

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15
Q

What does periodontal mean

A

around tooth

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16
Q

Another name for periodontal ligaments

A

periodontal membrane

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17
Q

Sutures

A

articulation of the flat bones of the skull

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18
Q

What does suture mean

A

seam

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19
Q

When do sutures form

A

about 15-24 months

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20
Q

Synostoses

A

bone on bone

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21
Q

syndesmoses

A

interosseous membrane between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula

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22
Q

What does syndesmoses mean

A

a fastening

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23
Q

What functional type of joint is a syndesmoses

A

Amphiarthroses (slight movement)

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24
Q

What functional type of joint is a suture

A

synarthroses (immoveable)

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25
Q

What functional type of joint is a gomphoses

A

Synarthroses (immoveable)

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26
Q

Synchondroses

A

joined together by hyaline cartilage

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27
Q

What functional type of joint is a synchondroses

A

synarthroses (immoveable)

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28
Q

What joints are synchondroses

A

Epiphyseal growth plates, costochondral articulations between most of the ribs

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29
Q

Symphyses

A

pad of fibrocartilage between the articulating bones

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30
Q

What does symphyses mean

A

growing together

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31
Q

What functional type of joint is a symphyses

A

amphiarthroses

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32
Q

What joints are symphyses

A

pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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33
Q

What are the cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses, symphyses

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34
Q

What functional type of joint are synovial joints

A

diarthrotic

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35
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

shoulder joint

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36
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

jaw

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37
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

knee

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38
Q

double-jointed

A

hypermobility

39
Q

Marfan’s syndrome

A

genetic disorder of human connective tissue

40
Q

What is affected by marfan’s syndrome

A

heart valves and aorta, lungs, eyes, dural sac surrounding the spinal cord, skeleton, and hard palate

41
Q

What physical characteristics do people with marfan’s syndrome display

A

unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin fingers

42
Q

What causes marfan’s syndrome

A

misfolding of the protein fibrillin-1

43
Q

Articular capsule

A

outer layer called the fibrous capsule and an inner layer called the synovial membrane

44
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

dense connective tissue and it strengths the joint to prevent the bones from being pulled apart

45
Q

synovial membrane

A

connective tissue and lines all parts of the joint cavity except for surfaces of the articulating bones

46
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous oily fluid that lubricates the articulating bones and their articular cartilage

47
Q

joint cavity

A

space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid

48
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

49
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

50
Q

What does ligament men

A

bands or bandages

51
Q

bursae

A

saclike structures that contain synovial fluid and are lined by a synovial membrane. help alleviate friction

52
Q

Where are bursae found

A

between muscles or within an area where a tendon passes over a bone

53
Q

tendon sheaths

A

modified, elongated bursae that wrap around a tendon to reduce friction

54
Q

fat pads

A

distributed along the periphery of a synovial joint, and as a packing material and provide some protection for the joint

55
Q

tendons

A

tendons attach muscle to bone

56
Q

uniaxial

57
Q

biaxial

A

two planes

58
Q

multiaxial

A

two planes and can rotate

59
Q

planar joints (gliding)

A

intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between the articulating processes of adjacent vertebrae

60
Q

Hinge joints

A

uniaxial joints in which the convex surface of one articulating bone fits into a concave depression on the other bone (moves like the hinge of a door)

61
Q

Examples of hinge joints

A

elbow, knee, ankle, between bones of fingers, metacarpophalangeal joint of finger #1

62
Q

Pivot joints

A

uniaxial joints in which one articulating bone with a rounded surface fits into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone

63
Q

Examples of pivot joints

A

proximal radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial joint

64
Q

condyloid joints

A

biaxial joints with an oval, convex surface on one bone that articulates with a concave articular surface on the second bone of the joint

65
Q

example of condyloid joints

A

knuckles, radiocarpal joint

66
Q

Saddle joints

A

biaxial joints that have a concave surface in one direction and a convex surface in another

67
Q

examples of saddle joints

A

first carpometacarpal joint (on the thumb), sternoclavicular joint, malleus and incus

68
Q

ball-and-socket joints

A

multiaxial joints in which the spherical articulating head of one bone fits into the rounded socket of a second bone

69
Q

Examples of ball-and-socket joints

A

hip joint, shoulder joint

70
Q

Gliding

A

two opposing surfaces sliding back and forth or side to side

71
Q

Example of gliding

A

carpals and tarsals

72
Q

Angular motion

A

either increases or decreases the angle between two bones

73
Q

Flexion

A

movement in an anterior-posterior plane of the body that decreases the angle between bones

74
Q

examples of flexion

A

bending elbow, bending knee, bending fingers into fist, bending neck forward

75
Q

extension

A

movement in an anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between bones

76
Q

Examples of extensions

A

straightening elbow, straightening knee, straightening the fingers, or extending the neck so it is straight up

77
Q

hyperextension

A

extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees

78
Q

opisthotonos

A

arching of the back due to muscle contraction. caused by tetanus

79
Q

lateral flexion

A

trunk of body moves in a coronal plane away from the body

80
Q

Abduction

A

move away, lateral movement of the body part away from the body midline

81
Q

adduction

A

move toward, medial movement of a body part toward the body midline

82
Q

circumduction

A

circular motion of distal part of body

83
Q

Rotational motion

A

pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own longitudinal axis

84
Q

pronation

A

medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly

85
Q

supination

A

lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed anteriorly

86
Q

Depression

A

inferior movement of part of the body

87
Q

Elevation

A

superior movement of part of the body

88
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

ankle is ben such that the superior surface of the foot and toes move towards the head

89
Q

plantarflexion

A

ankle is bent such that the toes move away from the head

90
Q

Inversion

A

movement of the plantar surface inward or medially

91
Q

eversion

A

movement of the plantar surface outward or laterally

92
Q

protraction

A

movement of a body part anteriorly in a horizontal plane

93
Q

retraction

A

posterior movement of a protracted body part so anatomic position is resumed

94
Q

opposition

A

movement of the thumb toward the palm

Anatomy (21 decks)

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