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Anatomy > Spinal cord 4th exam > Flashcards

Spinal cord 4th exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical part

A

Superior-most region of the spinal cord and is continuous with the medulla oblongata

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2
Q

What does the cervical part contain

A

motor neurons whose axons contribute to the cervical spinal nerves

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3
Q

Thoracic part

A

Lies inferior to the cervical region

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4
Q

What does the thoracic part contain

A

motor neurons for the thoracic spinal nerves

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5
Q

Lumbar part

A

shorter segment of the spinal cord that contains the motor neurons for the lumbar spinal nerves

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6
Q

Sacral part

A

Lies inferior to the lumbar region and contains the motor neurons for the sacral spinal nerves

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7
Q

Coccygeal part

A

most inferior tip of the spinal cord and one pair of spinal nerves arises from this region

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8
Q

conus medullaris

A

the tapering inferior end of the spinal cord

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9
Q

Where does the conus medullaris mark the official end of the spinal cord

A

first lumbar vertebra

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10
Q

Cauda equina

A

inferior to the conus medullaris, a group of axons

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11
Q

Filum terminale

A

within the cauda equina, a thin strand of pia mater that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx.

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12
Q

Where is the spinal cord thickest

A

around the upper and lower limbs

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13
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

located in the inferior cervical region of the spinal cord, contains the neurons that innervate the upper limbs

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14
Q

lumbosacral enlargement

A

extends through the mid-lumbar region of the spinal cord and innervates the lower limbs

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15
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves is the spinal cord associated with

A

31

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16
Q

how many cervical nerves are there

A

8

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17
Q

how many thoracic nerves are there

A

12

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18
Q

how many lumbar nerves are there

A

5

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19
Q

how many sacral nerves are there

A

5

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20
Q

how many coccygeal nerves are there

A

1

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21
Q

Structures and spaces that encircle the spinal cord, from outermost to innermost

A

vertebra, epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater

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22
Q

where does the epidural space lie and what does it house

A

between the dura mater and the inner walls of the vertebra, and houses loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose connective tissue

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23
Q

Arachnoid

A

Deep to the dura mater and subdural space

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24
Q

lumbar puncture

A

clinical procedure for obtaining CSF

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25
Q

Where does the needle need to enter for a lumbar puncture.

A

subarachnoid space

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26
Q

Where is a lumbar puncture done

A

between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5

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27
Q

Pia mater

A

deep to the subarachnoid space, is a delicate, innermost meningeal layer composed of elastic and collagen fibers

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28
Q

Where is the white matter of the spinal cord and what does it do

A

peripheral, provides a means of neural communication to and from the brain

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29
Q

Where is the gray matter of the spinal cord and what does it do

A

central, serves as a center for spinal reflexes

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30
Q

What is the white matter of the spinal cord composed of

A

myelinated axons

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31
Q

What is the gray matter of the spinal cord composed of

A

dendrites, cell bodies of neurons, glial cells, and unmyelinated axons

32
Q

central canal

A

at the center of the butterfly-shaped gray matter that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

33
Q

What do the spinal nerves connect to

A

they connect the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and receptors

34
Q

What kind of nerves are spinal nerves

A

mixed nerves

35
Q

Dermatome

A

a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

36
Q

Shingles

A

reactivation of one’s childhood chickenpox infection

37
Q

referred visceral pain

A

a phenomenon in which pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome

38
Q

Where is pain associated with a myocardial infarction

A

the skin dermatomes innervated by T1-T5 spinal nerves, which lie along the left pectoral region and the medial side of the left arm

39
Q

Where is pain associated with kidney disease

A

along the T10-T12 dermatomes, which typically overlie the inferior abdominal wall in the groin and loin regions

40
Q

Brain freeze

A

caused by the rapid warming of the hard palate after consumption of very cold substance

41
Q

Myotome

A

muscle served by a single nerve root. the motor equivalent of a dermatome

42
Q

nerve plexus

A

a network of interweaving spinal nerves

43
Q

Which nerves dont form nerve plexus

A

T2-T12 and S5-Co1

44
Q

cervical plexuses

A

located deep on each side of the neck, immediately lateral to cervical vertebrae C1-C4

45
Q

What do the cervical plexuses innervate

A

anterior neck muscles as well as the skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders

46
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

important branch of the cervical plexus. formed primarily from C4 nerve and some contributing axons from C3 and C5

47
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innovate

A

The diaphragm

48
Q

What causes hiccups (singultus)

A

irritation to the phrenic nerve causing spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm

49
Q

Brachial plexus

A

networks of nerves that supply the upper limb

50
Q

What forms the brachial plexus

A

spinal nerves from C5-T1

51
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate

A

pectoral girdle and the entire upper limb of one side

52
Q

What are the five major named nerves that arise from the brachial plexus

A

Axillary nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve

53
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate

A

both the deltoid and teres minor muscles. it receives sensory information from the superolateral part of the arm and skin

54
Q

What does the median nerve innervate

A

most of the anterior forearm muscles and several muscles in the palm. it receives sensory information from the palmar side of fingers 1,2,3 and the lateral one-half of finger 4

55
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and another anterior arm muscle. It also receives sensory input form the lateral surface of the forearm

56
Q

radial nerve

A

innervates the triceps brachii and other muscles of the posterior of the forearm. It receives sensory information from the posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand

57
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

innervates some of the anterior forearm muscles and many of the muscles in the palm. It receives sensations from the skin of the dorsal and palmar aspects of fingers 5, and the medial half of finger 4.

58
Q

Lumbar plexuses

A

formed by spinal nerves L1-L4 located lateral to the L1-L4 vertebrae and along the psoas major in the posterior abdominal wall

59
Q

femoral nerve

A

arises from lumbar plexus. innervates the quadriceps femoris, the sartorius, and iliopsoas. it also receives sensory information from the anterior and inferomedial thigh as well as the medial aspect of the leg

60
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

a branch of the femoral nerve that passs between the upper front of the ilium and the inguinal ligament near the anterior superior iliac spine.

61
Q

meralgia paresthetica

A

When the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is compressed causing pain, tingling, a burning sensation, or numbness in the outer side of the thigh.

62
Q

obturator nerve

A

arises from lumbar plexus. innervates gracilis and several other thigh muscles. it receives sensory information from the superomedial skin of the thigh.

63
Q

Sacral plexuses

A

formed from spinal nerves L4-S5 and are located immediately inferior to the lumbar plexuses

64
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

arises from sacral plexus. largest nerve in the body and is actually composed of two nerves wrapped in a connective tissue sheath.

65
Q

Tibial nerve

A

part of sciatic nerve. innervates the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, and several other muscles fo teh leg and foot. It receives sensory impulses from skin covering the sole of the foot

66
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

part of the sciatic nerve. innervate peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and several other muscles of the leg and foot. receives sensory input from the anterolateral part of the leg, the toes, and the dorsal surface of the foot.

67
Q

Neural tube

A

Where the central nervous system forms primarily from

68
Q

Neural Crest cells

A

where the cranial and spinal nerves primarily form from

69
Q

Neural canal

A

develops into the central canal of the spinal cord

70
Q

Where does a newborn’s spinal cord extend to

A

about the level of L3

71
Q

Where does a child’s spinal cord extend to

A

the level of L2

72
Q

Where does an adult’s spinal cord typically terminate

A

the level of L1

73
Q

What typically happens when trauma occurs above C3

A

Death by asphyxiation

74
Q

What happens when trauma is experienced between C3 and C7

A

A person will become a quadriplegic

75
Q

When trauma happens between T1 and L1 what happens

A

A person may become a paraplegic

Anatomy (21 decks)

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