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Anatomy > Heart 4th exam > Flashcards

Heart 4th exam Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped from one ventricle per minute

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2
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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4
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries

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5
Q

veins

A

carry blood toward the heart

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6
Q

venules

A

small branches of veins

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7
Q

great vessels

A

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation consists of

A

chambers of the right side (right atrium and right ventricle).
Pulmonary arteries
pumonary veins

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9
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

convey poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs to eliminate carbon dioxide and to replenish oxygen

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10
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

convey blood containing relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide and high amounts of oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart for pumping to the systemic circulation

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11
Q

systemic circulation consists of

A

the chambers of the left side (left atrium and left ventricle)
all other named blood vessels that carry blood to all the peripheral organs and tissues of the body and then back to the heart

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12
Q

Aorta

A

the largest systemic artery in the body

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13
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest vessels. gas exchange in tissues occurs in capillaries

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14
Q

superior vena cava

A

superior blood vessel that drains blood into the right atrium

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15
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Inferior blood vessel that drains blood into the right atrium

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16
Q

base

A

posteriosuperior surface of the heart, formed primarily by the left atrium

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17
Q

apex

A

inferior, conical end of the heart, projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

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18
Q

pericardium

A

a fibrous sac with serous lining that contains the heart

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19
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

tough outer portion of dense connective tissue of the pericardium

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20
Q

serous pericardium

A

thin, double-layered, inner portion made of serous membrane of the pericardium

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21
Q

Parietal layer of serous membrane

A

lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

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22
Q

Visceral layer

A

this layer is fused to the outer surface of the heart. also called the epicardium

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23
Q

pericardial cavity

A

thin potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium. Is filled with serous fluid

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24
Q

inflammation of the pericardial cavity leads to what

A

cardiac tampnade

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25
Q

What is cardiac tamponade characterized by

A

pulsus paradoxus, jugular vein distention, and falling blood pressure

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26
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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27
Q

epicardium

A

outermost layer of the heart

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28
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue

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29
Q

where do myocardial infarctions occur

A

in the myocardial layer of the heart

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30
Q

endocardium

A

inner surface of the heart and external surfaces of the heart valves. Its continuous with the endothelium, the lining of the blood vessels

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31
Q

atria

A

thin-walled chambers that are located superiorly

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32
Q

Auricle

A

anterior part of each atrium. Is a wrinkled, ear-like, flap-like extension

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33
Q

what do the atria recieve

A

blood returning to the heart through both circuits

34
Q

Where does the right atrium receives blood

A

from the systemic circuit

35
Q

Where does the left atrium receive blood

A

from the pulmonary circuit

36
Q

Ventricles

A

the inferior chambers

37
Q

what are the large arteries that exit the heart

A

pulmonary trunk and aorta

38
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

carries blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circuit

39
Q

aorta

A

conducts blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circuit

40
Q

what do valves do

A

allow blood to only travel in one direction and prevent back flow

41
Q

what are valves lined with

A

endothelium

42
Q

where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart located

A

between the atria and the ventricles, and is formed from dense irregular connective tissue

43
Q

Where does the superior vena cava drain blood from

A

the head, neck, upper limbs, and the superior region of the trunk

44
Q

where does the inferior vena cava drain blood from

A

the lower limbs and trunk

45
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain blood from

A

the heart wall

46
Q

interatrial septum

A

a thin wall between the right and left atria

47
Q

fossa ovalis

A

an oval depression in the interatrial septum. occupies the former location of the foramen ovale

48
Q

right atrioventricular valve

A

separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

49
Q

another name for right atrioventricular valve

A

AV valve, tricuspid valve

50
Q

Where does the right ventricle receive blood from

A

the right atrium

51
Q

interventricular septum

A

thick wall between the right and left ventricles

52
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

characteristic large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges on the internal wall surface of each ventricle

53
Q

papillary muscles

A

three cone-shaped, muscular projections in the right ventricle which anchor thin strands of collagen fibers call chordae tendineae

54
Q

chordae tendineae

A

attach to the lower surface of cusps of the right AV valve and prevent the valve from everting and flipping into the atrium when the right ventricle is contracting

55
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

A

at the superior end of the right ventricle which marks the end of the right ventricle and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk

56
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

left and right divides of the pulmonary trunk. carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

57
Q

semilunar valves

A

located within the walls of both ventricles immediately before connection of the ventricle to the pulmonary trunk or aorta

58
Q

What does a semilunar valve composed of

A

three thin, half-moon-shaped, pocket-like semilunar cusps

59
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there

A

4

60
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

61
Q

another name for left atrioventricular valve

A

AV valve, bicuspid valve, mitral valve

62
Q

How much thicker is the left ventricle wall than the right

A

three times thicker

63
Q

Where are the trabeculae carneae more prominent

A

left ventricle

64
Q

How many papillary muscles project from the left ventricle’s inner wall

A

2

65
Q

Where do the left and right coronary arteries travel

A

in the coronary sulcus

66
Q

what is the coronary sulcus

A

a deep groove between the atria and ventricles

67
Q

What are the only branches of the ascending aorta

A

left and right coronary arteries

68
Q

ischemia

A

characterized by inadequate supply of oxygen and blood to a part of the body

69
Q

silent myocardial ischemia

A

painless

70
Q

angia pectoris

A

agonizing

71
Q

cardiac veins

A

collect deoxygenated blood and wastes from the myocardial capillaries

72
Q

coronary sinus

A

a large vein that lies in the posterior aspect of the atrioventricular groove

73
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain

A

right into the right atrium

74
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally increase heart rate, shortens diastole and reduces blood flow to the ventricular myocardium

75
Q

hypotension

A

abnormally low blood pressure, can also reduce the ability of blood to flow through the ventricular myocardium

76
Q

bradycardia

A

atypically slow heartbeat of less than 50 beats per minute

77
Q

athlete’s bradycardia

A

beneficial adaptation resulting from a muscular heart, healthy circulatory system, and excellent lung capacity

78
Q

foramen ovale

A

a hole that passes from the right atrium to the left atrium in the embryonic heart

79
Q

Septum primum

A

a flap of tissue over the foramen ovale

80
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

when the fossa ovalis fails to close properly

81
Q

other names for patent foramen ovale

A

perforated fossa ovalis, atrial septal defect

Anatomy (21 decks)

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