Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > respiratory system final > Flashcards

respiratory system final Flashcards

1
Q

upper respiratory tract is composed of

A

nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, structures associated with the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nose

A

the main conducting airway for inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

another name for nostrils

A

external nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

roof of the nasal cavity is formed by

A

frontal bones, nasal bones, cribriform plate of the ethmoid, sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by

A

horizontal plate of the maxillae, horizontal portions of the palatine bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vestibule

A

anterior region of the nasal cavity, near the nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vibrissae

A

coarse hairs near the vestibule used to trap large particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nasal septum

A

divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what forms the nasal septum

A

septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

another name for conchae

A

turbinates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nasal cycle

A

alternating inactivation of one side of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

paired air spaces in the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pharynx

A

common space used by both the respiratory and digestive systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nasopharynx

A

superiormost region of the pharynx, lined with ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

auditory tubes

A

in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx and connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear so air pressure can be equalized behind the ear drum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

A

in the posterior nasopharynx, commonly called the adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

oropharynx

A

the middle pharyngeal region, is immediately posterior to the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What passes through the oropharynx

A

both food and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

palatine tonsils

A

on the lateral wall of the oropharynx. the ones you can see in the mirror

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lingual tonsils

A

at the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

laryngopharynx

A

inferior, narrowed region of the pharynx. extends inferiorly from the hyoid bone and is continuous with the larynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lower respiratory tract is made up of

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and associated structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Another name for larynx

A

voice box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

larynx

A

a short, somewhat cylindrical airway that is bounded superiorly by the laryngopharynx and posteriorly by the esophagus and inferiorly by the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

functions of the larynx

A

passageway for air, prevent swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract, sounds of speech, increases pressure in the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

the epiglottis closes over the larynx so air cannot escape; simultaneously abdominal muscles contract to increase abdominal pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

forms only the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx

29
Q

laryngeal prominence

A

Adam’s apple; V-shaped anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage

30
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

ring-shaped, forms the inferior base of the larynx and connects to the trachea inferiorly

31
Q

cricothyroid ligament

A

dense connective tissue band, attaches the cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid cartilage. is 4 fingers width above the sternal notch

32
Q

cricothyrotomy

A

an emergency airway, sometimes opened in the larynx by making an incision through the cricothyroid ligment

33
Q

what is the epiglottis formed by

A

elastic cartilage

34
Q

vallecula

A

a little valley found at the base of the tongue and anterior to the base of the epiglottis

35
Q

vestibular ligaments

A

the superior ligaments of the larynx

36
Q

vestibular folds

A

vestibular ligaments and the mucous membrane covering them. known as the false vocal cords

37
Q

vocal ligaments

A

inferior ligaments of the larynx.

38
Q

vocal fold

A

vocal ligaments with the mucous membrane covering them. known as the true vocal cords

39
Q

rima glottidis

A

the opening between the vocal folds

40
Q

glottis

A

the rima glottidis plus the vocal folds

41
Q

trachea

A

a flexible, slightly rigid tubular organ often referred to as the windpipe

42
Q

What holds the open ends of each C-shaped piece of the trachea

A

the trachealis muscle and by elastic, ligamentous membrane

43
Q

primary bronchi

A

at the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into two smaller tubes

44
Q

carina

A

an internal ridge formed by the most inferior tracheal cartilage separating the primary bronchi at the origin

45
Q

bronchial tree

A

a highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi and progressively branch into narrower tubes as they diverge throughout the lungs before ending in the terminal bronchioles

46
Q

hilum

A

the medial surface of the lung

47
Q

secondary bronchi

A

branches of the primary bronchi

48
Q

how many secondary bronchi does each lung have

A

right has three, left as two

49
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

secondary bronchi branch into these even smaller bronchi

50
Q

bronchioles

A

the smaller tubules that are no longer lined with cilia. have no irregular plates of cartilage in their walls

51
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

smooth muscle contraction narrowing bronchioles

52
Q

bronchodilation

A

smooth muscle relaxation dilating bronchioles

53
Q

what does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system consist of

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and pulmonary alveoli

54
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

smaller branches of terminal broncioles

55
Q

alveolar ducts

A

smaller branches of respiratory bronchioles

56
Q

alveolus

A

where gas exchange occurs. `

57
Q

how many alveoli do the lungs contain

A

300-400 million

58
Q

alveolar macrophages

A

migratory cells that continually crawl within the alveoli, engulfing microorganisms or particulate material that has reached the alveoli

59
Q

pleura

A

lung outer surfaces and adjacent internal thoracic wall are lined by this serous membrane

60
Q

bronchopulmonary segments

A

sections of each lung with their own tertiary bronchus, surrounded by connective tissue, and each with its own arterial and venous blood supply

61
Q

bronchial circulation

A

a component of the systemic circulation and consists of tiny bronchial arteries and veins that supply the bronchi and bronchioles of the lung

62
Q

bronchial arteries

A

branch from the anterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta and divide to form capillary beds to supply structures in the bronchial tree

63
Q

bronchial veins

A

collect venous blood from the bronchial tree and drain into the azygous system of veins

64
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

breathing

65
Q

what innervates the trachea bronchial tree, and lungs

A

autonomic nervous system

66
Q

what is the main function of the sypathetic innervation

A

to open up and dilate the bronchioles

67
Q

what is the main function of the parasymphatetic innervation

A

to decrease the airway diameter of teh bronchioles

68
Q

Chronic obsturctive pulmonary disease

A

ephysema and chronic bronchitis

Anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions