Integumentary System Flashcards
Cutaneous layer
Skin
Integument
Skin
Integumentary system consists of:
Skin, nails, hair, skin glands
Homeostasis
Internal environmental balance
Dermatology
Scientific study and treatment of the Integumentary system
Integument tissues:
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, vascular tissue, nervous tissue
Distinct layers of integument:
Epidermis, dermis (hypodermis is not actually apart of Integumentary system)
Deep to the dermis is what layer
Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Small population of immune cells in skin
Epidermal dendritic cells
Vasoconstriction
Blood vessels constricting
Vasodilation
Blood vessels dilate
Functions of integument
Protection, prevention of water loss, temperature regulation, metabolic regulation, sensory reception, excretion by means of secretion
Rickets
Softening and weakening of bones from lack of vitamin D
Layers of epidermis
Stratum Basale, stratum Spinosum, stratum Granulosum, stratum Lucidum, stratum Croneum
Types of cells in Stratum Basale:
Keratinocyte, Melanocyte, tactile (merkel)
Keratinocyte
Most abundant cell type in epidermis. Found throughout all the epidermal strata. Get their name from their ability to synthesize the protein keratin
Keratin
A family of fibrous structural proteins that are both tough and insoluble
Cytokeratin
Keratin found in epidermal cells
Melanocytes
Long branching processes and see scattered among the basal cells of the stratum Basale. Produce melanin
Melanin
Pigment in the skin
Tactile cells
Few in number and sedative to touch. Located in the stratum Basale.
Merkel cells
Few in number and sensitive to touch. Located in the stratum Basale. Also known as tactile cells
Epidermal dendritic cells
Small population of immune cells
Vitamin D is essential for the processing of what
Calcium and phosphorus
Excessive sunlight can lead to:
Suppressed immunity, skin damage, increased risk of cancer
The skin can detect
Heat, cold, touch, pressure, texture, and vibration
The skin eliminates waste products such as:
Water, salt, urea
Stratum germinativum
Stratum Basale and stratum Spinosum together
Stratum Spinosum contains what type of cells
Keratinocytes and phagoctic cells (epidermal dendritic cells
Stratum granulosum
Consists of 3 to 5 layers of Keratinocytes. The cells begin to die and fill up with keratin.
Keratinization
When Keratinocytes die and fill up with keratin
Stratum lucidum
Thin,clear region of two to three layers of flat dead cells. Only found on soles, palms, and lips
Stratum corneum
20 - 30 layers of flattened, dead, scale like cells which contain large amounts of Keratin. Most superficial layer
Cornification
After keratinization when cells become hard
How does a callus form?
Friction at the skin surface stimulates additional mitotic activity if the stratum Basale, resulting in thicker skin in that localized area
Where does tattooing occur?
Below stratum basale
What does thick skin not contain?
Hair follicles and sebaceous glands
What does thick skin contain?
Sweat glands
What does thin skin contain?
Sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands
What contributes to skin color?
Melanin, hemoglobin, carotene
What does melanin protect?
DNA from UV light
Where is hemoglobin found?
In Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
What color is deoxygenated blood
Dark red or maroon
What does blood appear blue?
Subcutaneous fat absorbs low-frequency light; permitting only the highly energetic blue wavelengths to penetrate through to the dark vein
What is carotene?
The weakest of the skin pigments. It’s a yellow-orange pigment that is acquired by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.
Where does carotene normally accumulate?
Inside Keratinocytes of the stratum corneum and within the subcutaneous fat