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Anatomy > Axial skeleton vertebral and ribs > Flashcards

Axial skeleton vertebral and ribs Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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2
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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3
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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4
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there

A

5

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5
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there

A

4

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6
Q

What are the spinal curves

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

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7
Q

Body

A

thick, cylindrical, weight-bearing structure

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8
Q

Vertebral arch is composed of

A

pedicles and laminae

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9
Q

vertebral foramen

A

formed by the vertebral arch

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10
Q

vertebral canal

A

formed by the superior-to-inferior stacking of the vertebrae

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11
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

allows horizontal passage for spinal nerves to travel to to other parts of the body

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12
Q

spinous process

A

projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the laminae of the vertebral arch

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13
Q

transverse processes

A

extend laterally from each side of the vertebral arch

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14
Q

superior articular processes

A

interlock with the inferior articular processes of the adjacent above vertebra

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15
Q

Inferior articular processes

A

interlock with the superior articular processes of the adjacent below vertebra

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16
Q

intervertebral discs

A

composed of an outer ring of anulus fibrosus and an inner ring core of nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

What is anulus fibrosus

A

fibrocartilage that forms the outer ring of the intervertebral discs

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18
Q

What is nucleus pulposus

A

gelatinous consistency that makes up the inner core of the intervertebral discs

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19
Q

how much of the height to the intervertebral discs make up of the vertebral column

A

1/4

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20
Q

What do the intervertebral discs do

A

act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility between vertebrae, they also allow the vertebral column to bend

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21
Q

Where do the majority of herniated discs occur

A

between L4/L5 or L5/S1

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22
Q

What is bifid

A

split in two

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23
Q

Which vertebrae are bifid

A

The cervical except for C1

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24
Q

Which vertebrae have transverse foramina

A

the cervical

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25
Q

What do the transverse foramina do

A

provide a bony passageway for the vertebral arteries and veins that serve the brain

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26
Q

What is whiplash

A

when the stress is too great on the cervical vertebrae and it damages the muscles and ligaments and potentially injurys the spinal cord

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27
Q

Atlas

A

The first cervical vertebra. it articulates with the occipital condyles allowing for a yes nod.

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28
Q

What do the superior articular facets do on that atlas

A

they articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull

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29
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

articulation of the atlas and occipital condyles

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30
Q

What does the atlas lack

A

a body and spinous process

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31
Q

Axis

A

The second cervical vertebrae

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32
Q

odontoid process

A

superior peg like projection on the axis. allows for a no motion

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33
Q

odontoid means

A

tooth

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34
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

the articulation between the axis and atlas

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35
Q

Another name for odontoid process

36
Q

vertebra prominens

A

the 7th cervical vertebrae. has the largest spinous process which can be felt at the base of the neck

37
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae do that the other vertebrae dont

A

Serve as attachment points for ribs

38
Q

Costal facets on the body

A

where the head of each rib attaches to the body of the vertebrae

39
Q

costal facets on the transverse processes

A

Where the tubercle of each rib attaches to the transverse process

40
Q

What don’t T11 and T22 have

A

Costal facets on the transverse processes

41
Q

What does lumbar mean

42
Q

What are the largest of the vertebrae

A

The lumbar

43
Q

how are the lumbar vertebrae identified

A

heavy bodies and thick, blunt spinous processes

44
Q

Spinal taps

A

used to collect spinal fluid typically performed by inserting a needle between L3 and L4

45
Q

What does Sacrum mean

A

sacred bone

46
Q

When does the sacrum fuse

A

Between the ages of 20-30

47
Q

What does Auricular surface mean

A

shaped like an ear

48
Q

Auricular surface

A

Articulation of the sacrum to the os coxae

49
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

The articulation of the sacrum to the pelvic girdle

50
Q

What does coccyx mean

A

like a cuckoo’s beak

51
Q

When does the coccyx fuse

A

about 25 years of age

52
Q

What does the coccyx do

A

serve as an attachment site for several ligaments and some muscles

53
Q

What forms the thoracic cage

A

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages and sternum

54
Q

What does the thoracic cage do

A

Protect vital organs, serve as an attachment site for muscles supporting the pectoral girdle, chest, neck, back, and muscles involved in respiration

55
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the thoracic cage

A

ribs, vertebrae, and sternum

56
Q

What does sternum mean

57
Q

Another name for the sternum

A

breastbone

58
Q

The bones of the sternum

A

manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid

59
Q

What does manubrium mean

60
Q

clavicular notch

A

articulates the sternum with the left and right clavical

61
Q

jugular notch

A

shallow indentation between the clavicular notches

62
Q

suprasternal notch

A

jugular notch

63
Q

costal notches

A

articulate the costal cartilage with the sternum

64
Q

What does gladiolus mean

65
Q

How many costal notches does the gladiolus have on each side

A
  1. for ribs 2-7
66
Q

Sternal angle

A

horizontal ridge where the second pair of ribs articulate

67
Q

What does xiphoid mean

A

sword-shaped

68
Q

xiphoid

A

small cartilaginous projection that does not attach to the ribs but does serve as an attachment site for abdominal muscles

69
Q

When does the xiphoid ossify

A

after age 40

70
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7. they connect individually to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions

71
Q

Costal cartilages

A

cartilaginous extensions that articulate with the ribs and sternum

72
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-12. do not attach directly to the sternum.

73
Q

floating ribs

A

ribs 11 and 12. do not connect with the sternum at all

74
Q

head of the rib

A

articulates with the costal facet of the vertebrae

75
Q

tubercle

A

articulates with the costal facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

76
Q

What do ribs 11 and 12 lack

77
Q

neck of the rib

A

between the head and tubercle of the rib

78
Q

angle of rib

A

Where the shaft of the rib begins curving anteriorly towards the sternum

79
Q

shaft of rib

A

tubular part of rib after the angle

80
Q

flail chest

A

when three or more ribs are fractured in two places

81
Q

paradoxical motion

A

different than what is expected

82
Q

spina bifida

A

failure of the laminae of the vertebrae to fuse, exposing the meninges, spinal cord, or both

83
Q

My aching back!

A

lower back pain

84
Q

causes of lumbar paing

A

strained muscles, herniation of cartilage disc, dislocation of articular facets between two vertebrae

85
Q

Where is the most common place for herniation of cartilage discs

A

between L4/L5 and L5/S1

86
Q

treatment for lower back pain

A

bed rest, spinal manipulation, back and abdominal exercises, surgery

Anatomy (21 decks)

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