Axial skeleton vertebral and ribs

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there

Answer 3

5

Question 4

How many sacral vertebrae are there

Answer 4

5

Question 5

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What are the spinal curves

Answer 6

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Question 7

Body

Answer 7

thick, cylindrical, weight-bearing structure

Question 8

Vertebral arch is composed of

Answer 8

pedicles and laminae

Question 9

vertebral foramen

Answer 9

formed by the vertebral arch

Question 10

vertebral canal

Answer 10

formed by the superior-to-inferior stacking of the vertebrae

Question 11

Intervertebral foramina

Answer 11

allows horizontal passage for spinal nerves to travel to to other parts of the body

Question 12

spinous process

Answer 12

projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the laminae of the vertebral arch

Question 13

transverse processes

Answer 13

extend laterally from each side of the vertebral arch

Question 14

superior articular processes

Answer 14

interlock with the inferior articular processes of the adjacent above vertebra

Question 15

Inferior articular processes

Answer 15

interlock with the superior articular processes of the adjacent below vertebra

Question 16

intervertebral discs

Answer 16

composed of an outer ring of anulus fibrosus and an inner ring core of nucleus pulposus

Question 17

What is anulus fibrosus

Answer 17

fibrocartilage that forms the outer ring of the intervertebral discs

Question 18

What is nucleus pulposus

Answer 18

gelatinous consistency that makes up the inner core of the intervertebral discs

Question 19

how much of the height to the intervertebral discs make up of the vertebral column

Answer 19

1/4

Question 20

What do the intervertebral discs do

Answer 20

act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility between vertebrae, they also allow the vertebral column to bend

Question 21

Where do the majority of herniated discs occur

Answer 21

between L4/L5 or L5/S1

Question 22

What is bifid

Answer 22

split in two

Question 23

Which vertebrae are bifid

Answer 23

The cervical except for C1

Question 24

Which vertebrae have transverse foramina

Answer 24

the cervical

Question 25

What do the transverse foramina do

Answer 25

provide a bony passageway for the vertebral arteries and veins that serve the brain

Question 26

What is whiplash

Answer 26

when the stress is too great on the cervical vertebrae and it damages the muscles and ligaments and potentially injurys the spinal cord

Question 27

Atlas

Answer 27

The first cervical vertebra. it articulates with the occipital condyles allowing for a yes nod.

Question 28

What do the superior articular facets do on that atlas

Answer 28

they articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull

Question 29

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 29

articulation of the atlas and occipital condyles

Question 30

What does the atlas lack

Answer 30

a body and spinous process

Question 31

Axis

Answer 31

The second cervical vertebrae

Question 32

odontoid process

Answer 32

superior peg like projection on the axis. allows for a no motion

Question 33

odontoid means

Answer 33

tooth

Question 34

atlanto-axial joint

Answer 34

the articulation between the axis and atlas

Question 35

Another name for odontoid process

Answer 35

dens

Question 36

vertebra prominens

Answer 36

the 7th cervical vertebrae. has the largest spinous process which can be felt at the base of the neck

Question 37

What do the thoracic vertebrae do that the other vertebrae dont

Answer 37

Serve as attachment points for ribs

Question 38

Costal facets on the body

Answer 38

where the head of each rib attaches to the body of the vertebrae

Question 39

costal facets on the transverse processes

Answer 39

Where the tubercle of each rib attaches to the transverse process

Question 40

What don't T11 and T22 have

Answer 40

Costal facets on the transverse processes

Question 41

What does lumbar mean

Answer 41

loin

Question 42

What are the largest of the vertebrae

Answer 42

The lumbar

Question 43

how are the lumbar vertebrae identified

Answer 43

heavy bodies and thick, blunt spinous processes

Question 44

Spinal taps

Answer 44

used to collect spinal fluid typically performed by inserting a needle between L3 and L4

Question 45

What does Sacrum mean

Answer 45

sacred bone

Question 46

When does the sacrum fuse

Answer 46

Between the ages of 20-30

Question 47

What does Auricular surface mean

Answer 47

shaped like an ear

Question 48

Auricular surface

Answer 48

Articulation of the sacrum to the os coxae

Question 49

sacroiliac joint

Answer 49

The articulation of the sacrum to the pelvic girdle

Question 50

What does coccyx mean

Answer 50

like a cuckoo's beak

Question 51

When does the coccyx fuse

Answer 51

about 25 years of age

Question 52

What does the coccyx do

Answer 52

serve as an attachment site for several ligaments and some muscles

Question 53

What forms the thoracic cage

Answer 53

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages and sternum

Question 54

What does the thoracic cage do

Answer 54

Protect vital organs, serve as an attachment site for muscles supporting the pectoral girdle, chest, neck, back, and muscles involved in respiration

Question 55

Where does hematopoiesis occur in the thoracic cage

Answer 55

ribs, vertebrae, and sternum

Question 56

What does sternum mean

Answer 56

chest

Question 57

Another name for the sternum

Answer 57

breastbone

Question 58

The bones of the sternum

Answer 58

manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid

Question 59

What does manubrium mean

Answer 59

handle

Question 60

clavicular notch

Answer 60

articulates the sternum with the left and right clavical

Question 61

jugular notch

Answer 61

shallow indentation between the clavicular notches

Question 62

suprasternal notch

Answer 62

jugular notch

Question 63

costal notches

Answer 63

articulate the costal cartilage with the sternum

Question 64

What does gladiolus mean

Answer 64

body

Question 65

How many costal notches does the gladiolus have on each side

Answer 65

6. for ribs 2-7

Question 66

Sternal angle

Answer 66

horizontal ridge where the second pair of ribs articulate

Question 67

What does xiphoid mean

Answer 67

sword-shaped

Question 68

xiphoid

Answer 68

small cartilaginous projection that does not attach to the ribs but does serve as an attachment site for abdominal muscles

Question 69

When does the xiphoid ossify

Answer 69

after age 40

Question 70

true ribs

Answer 70

ribs 1-7. they connect individually to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions

Question 71

Costal cartilages

Answer 71

cartilaginous extensions that articulate with the ribs and sternum

Question 72

false ribs

Answer 72

ribs 8-12. do not attach directly to the sternum.

Question 73

floating ribs

Answer 73

ribs 11 and 12. do not connect with the sternum at all

Question 74

head of the rib

Answer 74

articulates with the costal facet of the vertebrae

Question 75

tubercle

Answer 75

articulates with the costal facet on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 76

What do ribs 11 and 12 lack

Answer 76

tubercles

Question 77

neck of the rib

Answer 77

between the head and tubercle of the rib

Question 78

angle of rib

Answer 78

Where the shaft of the rib begins curving anteriorly towards the sternum

Question 79

shaft of rib

Answer 79

tubular part of rib after the angle

Question 80

flail chest

Answer 80

when three or more ribs are fractured in two places

Question 81

paradoxical motion

Answer 81

different than what is expected

Question 82

spina bifida

Answer 82

failure of the laminae of the vertebrae to fuse, exposing the meninges, spinal cord, or both

Question 83

My aching back!

Answer 83

lower back pain

Question 84

causes of lumbar paing

Answer 84

strained muscles, herniation of cartilage disc, dislocation of articular facets between two vertebrae

Question 85

Where is the most common place for herniation of cartilage discs

Answer 85

between L4/L5 and L5/S1

Question 86

treatment for lower back pain

Answer 86

bed rest, spinal manipulation, back and abdominal exercises, surgery