Axial skeleton vertebral and ribs Flashcards
How many cervical vertebrae are there
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there
12
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there
5
How many coccygeal vertebrae are there
4
What are the spinal curves
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
Body
thick, cylindrical, weight-bearing structure
Vertebral arch is composed of
pedicles and laminae
vertebral foramen
formed by the vertebral arch
vertebral canal
formed by the superior-to-inferior stacking of the vertebrae
Intervertebral foramina
allows horizontal passage for spinal nerves to travel to to other parts of the body
spinous process
projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the laminae of the vertebral arch
transverse processes
extend laterally from each side of the vertebral arch
superior articular processes
interlock with the inferior articular processes of the adjacent above vertebra
Inferior articular processes
interlock with the superior articular processes of the adjacent below vertebra
intervertebral discs
composed of an outer ring of anulus fibrosus and an inner ring core of nucleus pulposus
What is anulus fibrosus
fibrocartilage that forms the outer ring of the intervertebral discs
What is nucleus pulposus
gelatinous consistency that makes up the inner core of the intervertebral discs
how much of the height to the intervertebral discs make up of the vertebral column
1/4
What do the intervertebral discs do
act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility between vertebrae, they also allow the vertebral column to bend
Where do the majority of herniated discs occur
between L4/L5 or L5/S1
What is bifid
split in two
Which vertebrae are bifid
The cervical except for C1
Which vertebrae have transverse foramina
the cervical
What do the transverse foramina do
provide a bony passageway for the vertebral arteries and veins that serve the brain
What is whiplash
when the stress is too great on the cervical vertebrae and it damages the muscles and ligaments and potentially injurys the spinal cord
Atlas
The first cervical vertebra. it articulates with the occipital condyles allowing for a yes nod.
What do the superior articular facets do on that atlas
they articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull
Atlanto-occipital joint
articulation of the atlas and occipital condyles
What does the atlas lack
a body and spinous process
Axis
The second cervical vertebrae
odontoid process
superior peg like projection on the axis. allows for a no motion
odontoid means
tooth
atlanto-axial joint
the articulation between the axis and atlas