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Anatomy > digestive system 1 > Flashcards

digestive system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

digestive system includes organs that

A

ingest food, transport food, digest the food into small usable components, absorb the necessary nutrients into the blood stream, expel the waste products from the body

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2
Q

GI tract includes

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

ingestion

A

introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity

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5
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules

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6
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically breaks down ingested materials into smaller pieces

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7
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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8
Q

chemical digestion

A

breaks down ingested molecules into smaller molecules by using enzymes

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9
Q

propulsion

A

materials moving through the GI tract

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10
Q

peristalsis

A

muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract

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11
Q

segmentation

A

churning and mixing movements in the small intestine which help dispense the material being ingested and combine it with intestinal secretions

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12
Q

secretion

A

process of producing and releasing fluid products, such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes, and mucin

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13
Q

absorption

A

involves either passive movement or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across the GI tract

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14
Q

elimation

A

pooping

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15
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth

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16
Q

gingivae

A

gums

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17
Q

labial frenulum

A

a thin mucosal fold in the midline that holds the lips to the ginivae

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18
Q

lingual frenulum

A

thin vertical mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

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19
Q

how much saliva is produced dailty

A

1 to 1.5 liters

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20
Q

salivary amylase

A

begins chemical digestion by breaking down starch

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21
Q

lysozyme

A

antibodies in saliva that helps inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity

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22
Q

parotid salivary glands

A

largest salivary gland. located anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlying the masseter muscle

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23
Q

parotid duct

A

carries the saliva to the oral cavity, travels parallel to the zygomatic arch and opens into the vestibule of the oral cavity near the second upper molar

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24
Q

submandibular salivary glands

A

inferior to the body of the mandible and they prodcue most of the saliva for the mouth

25
Q

submandibular duct

A

opens from each gland in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

26
Q

sublingual salivary glands

A

inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral caivty mucosa

27
Q

what primarily innervates the salivary glands

A

parasympathetic division of teh autonomic nervous system

28
Q

What innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

29
Q

What innervates the parotid glands

30
Q

teeth are collectively known as

31
Q

crown

A

exposed part of tooth

32
Q

neck

A

constricted part

33
Q

roots

A

are anchored into the jaw

34
Q

dental alveoli

A

sockets within alveolar process of both the maxillae and the mandible

35
Q

deciduous teeth

A

20 of them. are the baby teeth

36
Q

permanent teeth

A

32 of them.

37
Q

incisors

A

front four teeth

38
Q

canines

A

vampire teeth

39
Q

premolars

40
Q

molars

A

thickest and most posteriorly placed teeth

41
Q

molars

A

thickest and most posteriorly placed teeth

42
Q

skeletal muscle pairs that form the wall of the pharynx

A

superior pharyngeal constrictors, middle pharyngeal constrictors, inferior pharyngeal constrictors

43
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A

stomach, jejunum and ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon

44
Q

retroperitoneal organs

A

kidneys, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, bladder

45
Q

mesenteries

A

double-layered folds of peritoneum that support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs

46
Q

greater omentum

A

extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs

47
Q

lesser omentum

A

connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver

48
Q

mesentery proper

A

fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall

49
Q

mesocolon

A

fold in the peritoneum that attaches parts of the large intestine to the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall

50
Q

peritoneal ligament

A

a type of mesentery that attaches one organ to another organ, or attaches an organ to the anterior or lateral abdominal wall

51
Q

mucosa

A

deepest tunic of the GI tract. has absorptive and secretory function and contains: superficial epithelium, connective tissue, thin layer of smooth muscle

52
Q

submucosa

A

dense irregular connective tissue and which contains: accumulations of lymphatic tissue, mucin-secreting glands, many large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, nerve plexuses

53
Q

muscularis

A

contains two layers of muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

54
Q

adventitia

A

composed of loose connective tissue with dispersed collagen and connective tissue with dispersed collagen and elastic fibers

55
Q

serosa

A

same components as adventitia, but is covered by visceral peritoneum

56
Q

what organs are covered by serosa

A

intraperitoneal organs

57
Q

what organs are covered by serosa

A

intraperitoneal organs

58
Q

what promotes digestive system activity

A

parasympathetic innervation

59
Q

what inhibits digestive system activity

A

sympathetic innervation

Anatomy (21 decks)

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