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Anatomy > Axial skeleton (skull) exam 2 > Flashcards

Axial skeleton (skull) exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does sphenoid mean

A

Wedge shaped

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2
Q

Another name for sphenoid bone is

A

Bridging bone

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3
Q

Why is the sphenoid the most commonly fractured bone in the skull

A

Its hollow and has numerous foramina

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4
Q

Another name for the sella turcica

A

Turkish sadle

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5
Q

What is housed in the sella turcica

A

inferior portion of the pituitary gland

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6
Q

Head into the dashboard syndrom

A

When sudden traumatic shifting causes the pituitary stalk to be severed

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7
Q

Optic Foramen

A

allows passage of the optic nerve

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8
Q

Roman numeral II (nerve)

A

Optic nerve

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9
Q

Another name for optic foramen

A

optic canal

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10
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

allows passage of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

Where does the second branch of the trigeminal nerve convey sensation from

A

Teeth and gums of the maxilae

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13
Q

Second division nerve block

A

injection of anesthetic not far from below the foramen rotundum. desensitizes all of the upper teeth on one side of the maxilla

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14
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Allows passage of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

Where does the third branch of the trigeminal nerve convey sensation from

A

teeth and gums of the mandible

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16
Q

third division nerve block

A

Anesthetic injection fiben on the inner surface of the mandible to deaden feeling in the teeth and gums of the mandible

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17
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Small opening for meningeal blood vessels

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18
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Allows passage of several cranial nerves

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19
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Closed off in a living person. In between petrous region of temporal bone and sphenoid bone.

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20
Q

What does Ethmoid mean

A

like a sieve

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21
Q

Crista galli

A

(cock’s comb) superior part of the ethmoid bone exhibiting a midsagittal elevation

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22
Q

Falx cerebri

A

(sickle-shaped) part of the meninges that partially separates the brain into left and right portions

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23
Q

Cribriform plate

A

(sieve like) numerous foramina that allow passage for fibers of the olfactory nerves to travel from the nose to the brain

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24
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerves

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25
Q

cribriform plate is prone to fracture which can lead to

A

leakage of spinal fluid and allow bacteria from the nose access to the meninges resulting in meningitis

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26
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain

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27
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

inferior midline projection of ethmoid bone forming the superior part of the nasal septum.

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28
Q

Superior nasal conchae

A

projection of the ethmoid from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Also known as turbinates

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29
Q

Middle nasal conchae

A

Projection of the ethmoid from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Also known as turbinates

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30
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

not part of the ethmoid bone. independent facial bones

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31
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Form the bony prominence of the cheeks and contribute to the lateral margin of the orbits

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32
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Formed by the articulation of the temporal process of each zygomatic bone with the zygomatic process of each temporal bone

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33
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

form part of the medial wall of each orbit

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34
Q

lacrimal means

A

tear

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35
Q

Lacrimal groove

A

provides a passageway for the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears into the nasal cavity

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36
Q

Where does the tear duct open into the nasal cavity

A

just inferior to the inferior nasal conchae

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37
Q

Nasal bones

A

form the bridge of the nose up which a pair of eyeglasses would rest

38
Q

What do nasal bones do

A

support the lateral cartilage, which are the framework of the nose

39
Q

Vomer

A

contributes to the inferior, posterior portion of the nasal septum

40
Q

What does vomer mean

A

plowshare

41
Q

Complete nasal septum consists of

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, small amount of anterior cartilage (septal cartilage)

42
Q

What is kind of cartilage is septal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

What are the conchae (turbinates) covered with

A

highly vascular moist mucous membranes

44
Q

palatine bones

A

small bones with a distinct L shape. for the posterior third of the hard palate, contribute to the posterior walls and floor of the nasal cavity, and make a small contribution to the floor of the orbits

45
Q

Maxillae

A

Unite the midline to form the upper jaw

46
Q

What does maxillae mean

A

Jawbone

47
Q

Alveoli

A

small sockets for teeth

48
Q

Alveolar processes

A

bone that supports the alveoli

49
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

provides passage of a blood vessel and a nerve

50
Q

Palatine processes

A

horizontal projections that form the greater portion of the hard palate

51
Q

cleft palate

A

When the palatine processes fail to join during early prenatal development (10-12 weeks)

52
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

lateral to the nasal cavity, drains into the nasal cavity through an opening that is high and medial

53
Q

Crepitus

A

a cracking sound caused by the escape of air under the skin. happens often when the maxillary sinus is fractured

54
Q

Blowout fracture

A

When the eye or muscles that move the eye drop down into the maxillary sinus

55
Q

mandible

A

entire lower jaw

56
Q

Body of the mandible

A

Horse shoe shaped front and horizontal sides of the mandible

57
Q

Rami of the mandible

A

extend vertically from the posterior portion of the body

58
Q

What does Rami mean

A

branches

59
Q

mandibular condyle

A

Articulates with the mandibular fossa on the inferior squamous portion of the temporal bone

60
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

articulation of mandibular condyle with the mandibular fosa

61
Q

Coronoid of mandible

A

attachment site for muscles that close the jaw

62
Q

mandibular notch

A

U-shaped depression between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid

63
Q

angle of the mandible

A

curved part that connects the body to the rami

64
Q

mental foramen

A

penetrate the body on each side of the chin and allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

65
Q

mandibular foramen

A

penetrate the medial side of each ramus.

66
Q

What nerve goes through the mandibular foramen

A

the third branch of the trigeminal nerve

67
Q

nasal complex

A

composed of bones and cartilage that enclose the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses

68
Q

roof of the nasal complex is composed of

A

nasal bones, cribriform plates of ethmoid bone, parts of the frontal and sphenoid bones

69
Q

floor of the nasal complex is composed of

A

palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

70
Q

Lateral walls of the nasal complex are composed of

A

ethmoid, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, and lacrimal bones

71
Q

anterior portion of the nasal septum is

A

septal nasal cartilage

72
Q

superior portion of the nasal septum is

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

73
Q

inferior portion of the nasal septum is

A

vomer bone

74
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses

A

Ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary

75
Q

paranasal sinuses are lined with

A

mucus and cilia

76
Q

What do the sinuses do

A

humidify and warm inhaled air, give resonance to the voice, and help lighten the skull

77
Q

bones the contribute to the orbit are

A

frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid

78
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

79
Q

hyoid bone

A

slender, U-shaped bone located inferior to the skull between the mandible and the larynx. does not attach to any other bone but is suspended by ligaments

80
Q

fontanelles

A

large membranous areas of the skull that provide spaces between the developing bones

81
Q

another name for fontanelles

A

soft spots

82
Q

What does fontanelle mean

A

little spring

83
Q

molding

A

the shifting of cranial bones during parturition

84
Q

parurition

A

child birth

85
Q

when do fontanels usually ossify

A

by 15-24 months

86
Q

what does sunken fontanels mean

A

dehydration

87
Q

What does bulging fontanels mean

A

meningitis and increased intracranial pressure

88
Q

When does the coronal suture fuse

A

usually in late 20’s to early 30’s

89
Q

When does the sagittal suture fuse

A

usually in the 40’s

90
Q

When does the lambdoidal suture fuse

A

usually in the 40’s

91
Q

when does the squamosal suture fuse

A

late 60’s or not at all

Anatomy (21 decks)

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