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Anatomy > articulations: selected articulations in depth. (Exam 3) > Flashcards

articulations: selected articulations in depth. (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the articular disc do in the sterno clavicular joint

A

it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities

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2
Q

What range of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow

A

elevation, depression, and circumduction

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3
Q

What does the articular disc do in the acromioclavicular joint

A

it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities

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4
Q

What strengthens the fibrous joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint superiorly

A

acromioclavicular ligament

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5
Q

What binds the clavicle to the coracoid process

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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6
Q

What is a shoulder seperation

A

dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

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7
Q

Edema

A

swelling

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8
Q

What joint has the greatest range of motion in the body

A

the glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage that encircles and covers the surface of the glenoid cavity

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10
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do

A

it helps to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity to help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

What protects the shoulder joint from above

A

an arch formed by the coracoid and acromion processes of the scapula, and by the clavicle

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12
Q

Where does the loose articular capsule attache on the humerus

A

the surgical neck

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13
Q

Where does most of the glenohumeral joint’s strength come from

A

the rotator cuff

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14
Q

What is another name for the rotator cuff

A

musculotendinous cuff

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15
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles

A

infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and teres minor

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16
Q

Where do the tendons of the muscles of the rotator cuff fuse

A

the joint capsule

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17
Q

Where is the weakest area of the glenohumeral joint and why

A

the inferior portion because it lacks rotator cuff muscles

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18
Q

What ligament extends across the space between the coracoid process and the acromion

A

coracoacromial ligament

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19
Q

What is a thickening of the superior part of the joint capsule and runs from the coracoid process to the humeral head

A

coracohumeral ligament

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20
Q

What are three thickenings of the anterior portion of the articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint

A

glenohumeral ligaments

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21
Q

What is a narrow sheet that extends between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

A

transverse humeral ligament

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22
Q

What is the humeroulnar joint

A

where the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

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23
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint

A

uniaxial hinge joint

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24
Q

What is the humeroradial joint

A

where the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius

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25
olecranon bursa
a large bursa of the elbow joint
26
Why is the elbow and extremely stable joint
the articular capsule is fairly thick, the humerus and ulna interlock very well, there are multiple strong ligaments
27
What is the radial collateral ligament
the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the laterale side
28
What is another name for radial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
29
What is the ulnar collateral ligament
the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the medial sie
30
What is another name for the ulnar collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament
31
What is the anular ligament
The ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and binds the proximal head of the radius to the ulna
32
What does anular mean
ring-shaped
33
Subluxation
Incomplete dislocation, in which the contact between the bony joint surfaces is altered, but they are still in partial contact.
34
Subluxation of the head of the radius
The head of the radius is pulled out of the anular ligament
35
What are the common names for subluxation of the head of the radius
Nursemaid's elbow, pulled elbow, slipped elbow
36
What age does subluxation of the head of the radius most often occur
younger than 5
37
little league elbow is partially caused by
when the head of the radius is pulled back and forcefully collides with capitulum immediately after pitching
38
what are the names of the wrist joint
radiocarpal articulation or carpus
39
What composes the radiocarpal articulation
three proximal carpal bones and the distal end of the radius
40
Why is the ulna not considered part of the carpus
There is a fibrocartilaginous articular disc that separates the ulna and the carpal bones
41
What type of articulation is the radiocarpal joint
condyloid articulation
42
What movements does the radiocarpal joint permit
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
43
What is the common name for metacarpophalangeal joints
knuckles
44
What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 2-5
biaxial condyloid joint
45
What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 1
uniaxial hinge joint
46
Where is all the support for a metacarpophalangeal joint
on the anterior, medial, and lateral sides. Thats why fingers jam posteriorly
47
What is the name of the articulation that is formed by the sacrum and the ilium
sacroiliac joint
48
What surfaces form the sacroiliac joint
auricular surfaces
49
What is the overly descriptive name of the type of joint of the sacroiliac joint
uniaxial diarthrotic gliding (planar) joint that is amphiarthrotic
50
What is the name of the coxal joint
acetabulofemoral joint
51
acetabular labrum
runs along the rim of the acetabulum and rings the head of the femur as it articulates with the acetabulum
52
What does labrum mean
a ring of fibrocartilage around the edge of the articular surface of a bone
53
What motions is the hip joint capable of
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
54
What is the common name of the coxal joint
hip joint
55
Where does the articular capsule of the acetabulofemoral joint extend
from the acetabulum to the trochanters of the femur, enclosing both femoral head and neck
56
What are the fibers of the articular capsule
retinacular fibers
57
What supplies almost all of the blood to the head and neck of the femur
The retinacular arteries
58
Where do the retinacular arteries travel
through the retinacular fibers
59
What is the other name of the ligamentum teres
ligament of the head of the femur
60
What does the ligamentum teres do
contain a small artery the supplies some of the blood to the head of the femur
61
Intertorchanteric fractures
occur distally to or outside the hip articular capsule (extracapsular)
62
Subcapital fractures
occur within the hip articular capsule. in elderly people
63
avascular necrosis
death of bone tissue due to lack of blood
64
What are the articulations of the knee joint
tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint
65
tibiofemoral joint
articulations between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia
66
Patellofemoral joint
articulation between the patella and the patella surface of the anterior distal femur
67
Where is the articular capsule of the knee joint
medial, lateral, and posterior regions of the knee joint
68
What passes over the anterior surface of the knee joint
quadriceps femoris muscle tendon
69
patellar ligament
extend inferiorly to the patella and attaches on the tibial tuberosity
70
Lateral collateral ligament
reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint
71
varus deciation
hyperadduction of the lower leg
72
Medial collateral ligament
Reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint
73
Valgus deviation
hyperabduction of the lower leg
74
Anteriorlateral ligament
ALL. Stabilizing ligament on the front surface of the knee
75
Medial/Lateral Meniscus
C-shaped fibrocartilage pads located on the condyles of the tibia
76
Anterior cruciate ligament
ACL. Runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia
77
Posterior cruciate ligament
PCL. runs from the anterioinferior femur to the posterior side of the tibia
78
Locking of the knee
Tibia rotates laterally so as to tighten the ACL and squeeze the meniscus between the tibia and femur
79
Anterior drawer test
A physician gently tugs anteriorly on the tibia to test for ACL injury
80
Posterior drawer test
A physician gently pushes posteriorly on the tibia to the for PCL injury
81
Unhappy triad
injury of tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
82
Arthroscopy
Type of conservative surgical treatment where a small incision is made in the knee and then an arthroscope in inserted into the knee
83
Arthroscope
An instrument with a camera and light source
84
Grafting
process of surgically transplanting healthy tissue to replace diseased or damaged tissue
85
Autograft
transplant of one's own tissue
86
Syngenetic graft
transplant from identical twins
87
allograft
transplant from cadaver
88
Heterograft
transplant from an animal
89
Talocrural joint
Ankle
90
What motion is permited by talo crural joint
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
91
Anterior talofibular ligament
passes anteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus
92
Posterior talofibular ligament
passes posteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus
93
Calcaneofibular ligament
runs inferiorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the calcaneus
94
sprain
stretching or tearing of the ligament without fracture or dislocation of the joint
95
High ankle sprain
syndesmotic ankle sprain. disrupted interosseous membrane that holds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together
96
intertarsal joints
articulations between the tarsal bones
97
metatarsophalangeal joints
between metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the toes
98
interphalangeal joints
between the phalanges of the toes
99
What happens to active joints
They develop larger and thicker capsules and supporting ligaments
100
Arthiritis
A group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints
101
Gouty arthiritis
Increase levels of uric acid. Urate crystals form. treated with anti-inflammatories
102
osteoartritis
Most common form of arthritis. articular cartilage breaks down. Bone on bone rubbing. Mostly weight bearing joints. Treated with anti-inflammatory
103
Rheumatoid
Auto-immune disease. Synovial fluid increases causing swelling. Ankylosis occurs. Anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine

Anatomy (21 decks)

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