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Anatomy > articulations: selected articulations in depth. (Exam 3) > Flashcards

articulations: selected articulations in depth. (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the articular disc do in the sterno clavicular joint

A

it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities

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2
Q

What range of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow

A

elevation, depression, and circumduction

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3
Q

What does the articular disc do in the acromioclavicular joint

A

it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities

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4
Q

What strengthens the fibrous joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint superiorly

A

acromioclavicular ligament

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5
Q

What binds the clavicle to the coracoid process

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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6
Q

What is a shoulder seperation

A

dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

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7
Q

Edema

A

swelling

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8
Q

What joint has the greatest range of motion in the body

A

the glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage that encircles and covers the surface of the glenoid cavity

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10
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do

A

it helps to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity to help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

What protects the shoulder joint from above

A

an arch formed by the coracoid and acromion processes of the scapula, and by the clavicle

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12
Q

Where does the loose articular capsule attache on the humerus

A

the surgical neck

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13
Q

Where does most of the glenohumeral joint’s strength come from

A

the rotator cuff

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14
Q

What is another name for the rotator cuff

A

musculotendinous cuff

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15
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles

A

infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and teres minor

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16
Q

Where do the tendons of the muscles of the rotator cuff fuse

A

the joint capsule

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17
Q

Where is the weakest area of the glenohumeral joint and why

A

the inferior portion because it lacks rotator cuff muscles

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18
Q

What ligament extends across the space between the coracoid process and the acromion

A

coracoacromial ligament

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19
Q

What is a thickening of the superior part of the joint capsule and runs from the coracoid process to the humeral head

A

coracohumeral ligament

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20
Q

What are three thickenings of the anterior portion of the articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint

A

glenohumeral ligaments

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21
Q

What is a narrow sheet that extends between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

A

transverse humeral ligament

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22
Q

What is the humeroulnar joint

A

where the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

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23
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint

A

uniaxial hinge joint

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24
Q

What is the humeroradial joint

A

where the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius

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25
Q

olecranon bursa

A

a large bursa of the elbow joint

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26
Q

Why is the elbow and extremely stable joint

A

the articular capsule is fairly thick, the humerus and ulna interlock very well, there are multiple strong ligaments

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27
Q

What is the radial collateral ligament

A

the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the laterale side

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28
Q

What is another name for radial collateral ligament

A

lateral collateral ligament

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29
Q

What is the ulnar collateral ligament

A

the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the medial sie

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30
Q

What is another name for the ulnar collateral ligament

A

medial collateral ligament

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31
Q

What is the anular ligament

A

The ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and binds the proximal head of the radius to the ulna

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32
Q

What does anular mean

A

ring-shaped

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33
Q

Subluxation

A

Incomplete dislocation, in which the contact between the bony joint surfaces is altered, but they are still in partial contact.

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34
Q

Subluxation of the head of the radius

A

The head of the radius is pulled out of the anular ligament

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35
Q

What are the common names for subluxation of the head of the radius

A

Nursemaid’s elbow, pulled elbow, slipped elbow

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36
Q

What age does subluxation of the head of the radius most often occur

A

younger than 5

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37
Q

little league elbow is partially caused by

A

when the head of the radius is pulled back and forcefully collides with capitulum immediately after pitching

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38
Q

what are the names of the wrist joint

A

radiocarpal articulation or carpus

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39
Q

What composes the radiocarpal articulation

A

three proximal carpal bones and the distal end of the radius

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40
Q

Why is the ulna not considered part of the carpus

A

There is a fibrocartilaginous articular disc that separates the ulna and the carpal bones

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41
Q

What type of articulation is the radiocarpal joint

A

condyloid articulation

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42
Q

What movements does the radiocarpal joint permit

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

43
Q

What is the common name for metacarpophalangeal joints

A

knuckles

44
Q

What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 2-5

A

biaxial condyloid joint

45
Q

What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 1

A

uniaxial hinge joint

46
Q

Where is all the support for a metacarpophalangeal joint

A

on the anterior, medial, and lateral sides. Thats why fingers jam posteriorly

47
Q

What is the name of the articulation that is formed by the sacrum and the ilium

A

sacroiliac joint

48
Q

What surfaces form the sacroiliac joint

A

auricular surfaces

49
Q

What is the overly descriptive name of the type of joint of the sacroiliac joint

A

uniaxial diarthrotic gliding (planar) joint that is amphiarthrotic

50
Q

What is the name of the coxal joint

A

acetabulofemoral joint

51
Q

acetabular labrum

A

runs along the rim of the acetabulum and rings the head of the femur as it articulates with the acetabulum

52
Q

What does labrum mean

A

a ring of fibrocartilage around the edge of the articular surface of a bone

53
Q

What motions is the hip joint capable of

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction

54
Q

What is the common name of the coxal joint

A

hip joint

55
Q

Where does the articular capsule of the acetabulofemoral joint extend

A

from the acetabulum to the trochanters of the femur, enclosing both femoral head and neck

56
Q

What are the fibers of the articular capsule

A

retinacular fibers

57
Q

What supplies almost all of the blood to the head and neck of the femur

A

The retinacular arteries

58
Q

Where do the retinacular arteries travel

A

through the retinacular fibers

59
Q

What is the other name of the ligamentum teres

A

ligament of the head of the femur

60
Q

What does the ligamentum teres do

A

contain a small artery the supplies some of the blood to the head of the femur

61
Q

Intertorchanteric fractures

A

occur distally to or outside the hip articular capsule (extracapsular)

62
Q

Subcapital fractures

A

occur within the hip articular capsule. in elderly people

63
Q

avascular necrosis

A

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood

64
Q

What are the articulations of the knee joint

A

tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint

65
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

articulations between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia

66
Q

Patellofemoral joint

A

articulation between the patella and the patella surface of the anterior distal femur

67
Q

Where is the articular capsule of the knee joint

A

medial, lateral, and posterior regions of the knee joint

68
Q

What passes over the anterior surface of the knee joint

A

quadriceps femoris muscle tendon

69
Q

patellar ligament

A

extend inferiorly to the patella and attaches on the tibial tuberosity

70
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint

71
Q

varus deciation

A

hyperadduction of the lower leg

72
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

Reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint

73
Q

Valgus deviation

A

hyperabduction of the lower leg

74
Q

Anteriorlateral ligament

A

ALL. Stabilizing ligament on the front surface of the knee

75
Q

Medial/Lateral Meniscus

A

C-shaped fibrocartilage pads located on the condyles of the tibia

76
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

ACL. Runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia

77
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

PCL. runs from the anterioinferior femur to the posterior side of the tibia

78
Q

Locking of the knee

A

Tibia rotates laterally so as to tighten the ACL and squeeze the meniscus between the tibia and femur

79
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

A physician gently tugs anteriorly on the tibia to test for ACL injury

80
Q

Posterior drawer test

A

A physician gently pushes posteriorly on the tibia to the for PCL injury

81
Q

Unhappy triad

A

injury of tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

82
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Type of conservative surgical treatment where a small incision is made in the knee and then an arthroscope in inserted into the knee

83
Q

Arthroscope

A

An instrument with a camera and light source

84
Q

Grafting

A

process of surgically transplanting healthy tissue to replace diseased or damaged tissue

85
Q

Autograft

A

transplant of one’s own tissue

86
Q

Syngenetic graft

A

transplant from identical twins

87
Q

allograft

A

transplant from cadaver

88
Q

Heterograft

A

transplant from an animal

89
Q

Talocrural joint

A

Ankle

90
Q

What motion is permited by talo crural joint

A

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

91
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament

A

passes anteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus

92
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament

A

passes posteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus

93
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament

A

runs inferiorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the calcaneus

94
Q

sprain

A

stretching or tearing of the ligament without fracture or dislocation of the joint

95
Q

High ankle sprain

A

syndesmotic ankle sprain. disrupted interosseous membrane that holds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together

96
Q

intertarsal joints

A

articulations between the tarsal bones

97
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints

A

between metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the toes

98
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

between the phalanges of the toes

99
Q

What happens to active joints

A

They develop larger and thicker capsules and supporting ligaments

100
Q

Arthiritis

A

A group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

101
Q

Gouty arthiritis

A

Increase levels of uric acid. Urate crystals form. treated with anti-inflammatories

102
Q

osteoartritis

A

Most common form of arthritis. articular cartilage breaks down. Bone on bone rubbing. Mostly weight bearing joints. Treated with anti-inflammatory

103
Q

Rheumatoid

A

Auto-immune disease. Synovial fluid increases causing swelling. Ankylosis occurs. Anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine

Anatomy (21 decks)

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