articulations: selected articulations in depth. (Exam 3) Flashcards
What does the articular disc do in the sterno clavicular joint
it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities
What range of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow
elevation, depression, and circumduction
What does the articular disc do in the acromioclavicular joint
it splits the joint into two separate synovial joint cavities
What strengthens the fibrous joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint superiorly
acromioclavicular ligament
What binds the clavicle to the coracoid process
coracoclavicular ligament
What is a shoulder seperation
dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
Edema
swelling
What joint has the greatest range of motion in the body
the glenohumeral joint
What is the glenoid labrum
fibrocartilage that encircles and covers the surface of the glenoid cavity
What does the glenoid labrum do
it helps to deepen the concavity of the glenoid cavity to help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenohumeral joint
What protects the shoulder joint from above
an arch formed by the coracoid and acromion processes of the scapula, and by the clavicle
Where does the loose articular capsule attache on the humerus
the surgical neck
Where does most of the glenohumeral joint’s strength come from
the rotator cuff
What is another name for the rotator cuff
musculotendinous cuff
What are the rotator cuff muscles
infraspinatus, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and teres minor
Where do the tendons of the muscles of the rotator cuff fuse
the joint capsule
Where is the weakest area of the glenohumeral joint and why
the inferior portion because it lacks rotator cuff muscles
What ligament extends across the space between the coracoid process and the acromion
coracoacromial ligament
What is a thickening of the superior part of the joint capsule and runs from the coracoid process to the humeral head
coracohumeral ligament
What are three thickenings of the anterior portion of the articular capsule of the glenohumeral joint
glenohumeral ligaments
What is a narrow sheet that extends between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
transverse humeral ligament
What is the humeroulnar joint
where the trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint
uniaxial hinge joint
What is the humeroradial joint
where the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius
olecranon bursa
a large bursa of the elbow joint
Why is the elbow and extremely stable joint
the articular capsule is fairly thick, the humerus and ulna interlock very well, there are multiple strong ligaments
What is the radial collateral ligament
the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the laterale side
What is another name for radial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
What is the ulnar collateral ligament
the ligament responsible for stabilizing the elbow on the medial sie
What is another name for the ulnar collateral ligament
medial collateral ligament
What is the anular ligament
The ligament that surrounds the head of the radius and binds the proximal head of the radius to the ulna
What does anular mean
ring-shaped
Subluxation
Incomplete dislocation, in which the contact between the bony joint surfaces is altered, but they are still in partial contact.
Subluxation of the head of the radius
The head of the radius is pulled out of the anular ligament
What are the common names for subluxation of the head of the radius
Nursemaid’s elbow, pulled elbow, slipped elbow
What age does subluxation of the head of the radius most often occur
younger than 5
little league elbow is partially caused by
when the head of the radius is pulled back and forcefully collides with capitulum immediately after pitching
what are the names of the wrist joint
radiocarpal articulation or carpus
What composes the radiocarpal articulation
three proximal carpal bones and the distal end of the radius
Why is the ulna not considered part of the carpus
There is a fibrocartilaginous articular disc that separates the ulna and the carpal bones
What type of articulation is the radiocarpal joint
condyloid articulation
What movements does the radiocarpal joint permit
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
What is the common name for metacarpophalangeal joints
knuckles
What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 2-5
biaxial condyloid joint
What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint for finger 1
uniaxial hinge joint
Where is all the support for a metacarpophalangeal joint
on the anterior, medial, and lateral sides. Thats why fingers jam posteriorly
What is the name of the articulation that is formed by the sacrum and the ilium
sacroiliac joint
What surfaces form the sacroiliac joint
auricular surfaces
What is the overly descriptive name of the type of joint of the sacroiliac joint
uniaxial diarthrotic gliding (planar) joint that is amphiarthrotic
What is the name of the coxal joint
acetabulofemoral joint
acetabular labrum
runs along the rim of the acetabulum and rings the head of the femur as it articulates with the acetabulum
What does labrum mean
a ring of fibrocartilage around the edge of the articular surface of a bone
What motions is the hip joint capable of
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
What is the common name of the coxal joint
hip joint
Where does the articular capsule of the acetabulofemoral joint extend
from the acetabulum to the trochanters of the femur, enclosing both femoral head and neck
What are the fibers of the articular capsule
retinacular fibers
What supplies almost all of the blood to the head and neck of the femur
The retinacular arteries
Where do the retinacular arteries travel
through the retinacular fibers
What is the other name of the ligamentum teres
ligament of the head of the femur
What does the ligamentum teres do
contain a small artery the supplies some of the blood to the head of the femur
Intertorchanteric fractures
occur distally to or outside the hip articular capsule (extracapsular)
Subcapital fractures
occur within the hip articular capsule. in elderly people
avascular necrosis
death of bone tissue due to lack of blood
What are the articulations of the knee joint
tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint
tibiofemoral joint
articulations between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia
Patellofemoral joint
articulation between the patella and the patella surface of the anterior distal femur
Where is the articular capsule of the knee joint
medial, lateral, and posterior regions of the knee joint
What passes over the anterior surface of the knee joint
quadriceps femoris muscle tendon
patellar ligament
extend inferiorly to the patella and attaches on the tibial tuberosity
Lateral collateral ligament
reinforces the lateral surface of the knee joint
varus deciation
hyperadduction of the lower leg
Medial collateral ligament
Reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint
Valgus deviation
hyperabduction of the lower leg
Anteriorlateral ligament
ALL. Stabilizing ligament on the front surface of the knee
Medial/Lateral Meniscus
C-shaped fibrocartilage pads located on the condyles of the tibia
Anterior cruciate ligament
ACL. Runs from the posterior femur to the anterior side of the tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament
PCL. runs from the anterioinferior femur to the posterior side of the tibia
Locking of the knee
Tibia rotates laterally so as to tighten the ACL and squeeze the meniscus between the tibia and femur
Anterior drawer test
A physician gently tugs anteriorly on the tibia to test for ACL injury
Posterior drawer test
A physician gently pushes posteriorly on the tibia to the for PCL injury
Unhappy triad
injury of tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
Arthroscopy
Type of conservative surgical treatment where a small incision is made in the knee and then an arthroscope in inserted into the knee
Arthroscope
An instrument with a camera and light source
Grafting
process of surgically transplanting healthy tissue to replace diseased or damaged tissue
Autograft
transplant of one’s own tissue
Syngenetic graft
transplant from identical twins
allograft
transplant from cadaver
Heterograft
transplant from an animal
Talocrural joint
Ankle
What motion is permited by talo crural joint
dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Anterior talofibular ligament
passes anteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus
Posterior talofibular ligament
passes posteriorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the talus
Calcaneofibular ligament
runs inferiorly from the malleolus of the fibula to the calcaneus
sprain
stretching or tearing of the ligament without fracture or dislocation of the joint
High ankle sprain
syndesmotic ankle sprain. disrupted interosseous membrane that holds the distal ends of the tibia and fibula together
intertarsal joints
articulations between the tarsal bones
metatarsophalangeal joints
between metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the toes
interphalangeal joints
between the phalanges of the toes
What happens to active joints
They develop larger and thicker capsules and supporting ligaments
Arthiritis
A group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints
Gouty arthiritis
Increase levels of uric acid. Urate crystals form. treated with anti-inflammatories
osteoartritis
Most common form of arthritis. articular cartilage breaks down. Bone on bone rubbing. Mostly weight bearing joints. Treated with anti-inflammatory
Rheumatoid
Auto-immune disease. Synovial fluid increases causing swelling. Ankylosis occurs. Anti-inflammatory, corticosteroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine
