Muscle Tissue and Organization Flashcards
excitability
it responds to electrical stimuli
contractability
contracts to move bones or propel materials inside the body
elasticity
the muscle cell will recoil to its resting length when the applied tension is removed
extensibility
muscle cell is capable of extending in length in response to the contraction of opposing muscle cells
hypertrophy
an increase in muscle fiber size, often following regular excercise
sphincters
circular muscle bands at openings of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts
Orifices
openings of the gastrointestinal urinary tracts
Tendon
connective tissue layers merging to form a cordlike structure that attaches muscle to bone
aponeurosis
thin, flattened sheet of tendon.
Origin
less movable attachment site of muscle
insertion
more moveable attachment site of muscle
tendonitis
inflammation of either a tendon or a synovial sheath around a tendon
What controls skeletal muscles
the somatic nervous system
Motor neurons
efferent neurons. travel from the CNS to the muscle fibers
sensory neurons
Afferent neurons. Travel to the CNS reporting activity of the muscles
fascicles
bundle of muscle fibers
circular muscles
fibers concentrically arranged around an opening or recess
Another name for circular muscle
sphincter
Parallel muscles
fascicles run parallel to its long axis
Convergent muscles
widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site
pennate muscles
tendons and muscle fibers resemble a large feather.
unipennate muscle
all the muscle fibers are on the same side of the tendon
Bipennate muscle
muscle fibers are on both sides of the tendon
Multipennate muscle
the tendon branches within the muscle
biomechanics
the practice of applying mechanical principles to biology
lever
an elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point
Fulcrum
fixed point
effort arm
the part of the lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort
resistance arm
part of the lever from the fulcrum to the point of resistance
First class lever system
fulcrum is in the middle
Second class lever system
resistance is in the middle
third class lever system
effort is in the middle
Agonist
prime mover, muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement
antagonist
muscle whose actions oppose those of the agonist
synergist
muscle that assists the prime mover in performing its action
Lifter
Levator
pectoralis
chest or pectus
intercostal
inbetween ribs
brachii
upper arm
zygomaticus
zygomatic bone
sternocleidomastoid
sternum, clavicle and mastoid process of skull
rectus
straight
transverse
across
oblique
oblique
deltoid
triangle
trapezius
trapezoid
longus
long
brevis
short
teres
both long and round
maximus
large
minimus
small
biceps
two heads/tendons of origin
triceps
three heads/tendons of origin
quadriceps
four heads/tendons of origin