venous disease

Question 1

pathology of venous disease

Answer 1

valvular dysfunction
dvt
superficial vein disease

Question 2

normal function of veins

Answer 2

thermoregulation
capacitance vessels
transport of deoxygenated blood

Question 3

how does damaged valve affect the veins

Answer 3

during systole , there is a backflow of blood into the vein and there is blood pooling

Question 4

what is a consequence of valvar dysfunction of deep vein ?

Answer 4

varicose veins of the superficial arteries which is known as varicose veins

Question 5

what are risk factors

Answer 5

genetics and increasing age
females especially pregnant women with many children
high BMI individuals
sedentary lifestyle
previous damage to veins in the case of DVT

Question 6

symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 6

achy and tired legs
campling of legs at night
edema
flaking and itching skin on the legs
leathery looking skin
varicose veins

Question 7

look at ceap classification

Question 8

ulcers caused by arterial disease

Answer 8

ymptoms suggestive of PAD​

• exertional, reproducible leg pain​
• nocturnal rest pain​

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Risk factors: smoking, diabetes, hypertension​

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Weak/absent pulses and monophasic/absent doppler signals​

Question 9

ulcers caused by venous system

Answer 9

Symptoms suggestive of CVI​

• leg ache/heaviness​
• venous skin changes​

​Risk factors: female >male, high BMI, occupation (standing), genetics​
Palpable pulses and triphasic doppler signals​

Question 10

appearance of arterial ulcers

Answer 10

Painful​
Well-circumscribed​
Deep​
“Punched out” appearance​
Little granulation tissue​
Toes, foot or lateral malleolus​

Question 11

appearance of venous ulcers

Answer 11

Often less painful​
Irregular border​
Superficial​
Sloughy (yellow appearance)​
Granulation tissue present​
Gaiter area (medial malleolus)​

Question 12

what is the investigation of a CVI

Answer 12

a duplex ultrasound
full blood count

Question 13

open surgery

Answer 13

high tie
vein stripping

Question 14

conservative management of varicose veins

Answer 14

Keep active​

• walking helps active that calf muscle pump​

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Elevate legs​

• to reduce effects of gravity when legs are down​

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Emollients​

• to keep skin healthy​

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Treat any infection in ulcer with antibiotics (+/- debridement)

Question 15

endovenous ablation for veins

Answer 15

removal of tunica intima and the valves which leads to closure of the valve