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respiratory anatomy Flashcards

to understand the structure of the thorax and all the organs that are involved

1
Q

how many pairs of ribs are there

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

thoracic inlet

A

the superior aperture that is bound by first thoracic vertebrae to the posterior
first pair of ribs to laterally
first to the costal cartilage then to the superior border of the manubrium.

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3
Q

inferior thoracic outlet

A

the 12th thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
11th and 12th pairs of ribs laterally
costal cartilage of the ribs 7 through 10 and xiphistemal joint

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4
Q

parts of a sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

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5
Q

joints of the sternum

A

plane joints through the attachment with the body of the sternum

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6
Q

sternum angle

A

where the sternum bifucates and angle is altered

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7
Q

which vertebrae is the landmark for sternum angle

A

T5 and t4 vertebrae

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8
Q

which vertebrae corresponds with the
location of the manubrium

A

T2 and T3

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9
Q

types of ribs

A

true ribs
false
floating

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10
Q

true ribs

A

this are the ribs that are directly connected to the sternum

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11
Q

examples of true ribs

A

ribs one to seven

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12
Q

false ribs

A

do not attach to the sternum
that is the 8th to 10th rib

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13
Q

floating ribs

A

they are not connected to the sternum 11th and 12th rib

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14
Q

typical rib

A

attaches to the inferior part of a bone and a superior part of a vertebrae

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15
Q

first rib

A

attaches to the T1 only
the head has only a single articular facet for articulation with the rib

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16
Q

costovertebral joints

A

1.head of the rib attaches with two vertebral bodies that is the lower one and the upper one.

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17
Q

costotransverse joints

A

the tubercle of the rib attaches with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae .

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18
Q

thoracic volume adjustments

A

the movement is brought about by the changes in the muscle

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19
Q

forceful inspiration

A

transverse diameter of the thoracic cage increases that is at the lower ribs.
anteroposterior diameter of the rib cage increases .

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20
Q

intercostal muscles

A

the external intercostal muscles located on the outside
internal in the middle
innermost intercostal

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21
Q

costal groove

A

visualise the photo

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22
Q

striations of the external intercostal muscles

A

towards the pocket direction

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23
Q

internal intercostal muscle striation

A

towards the opposite direction of the external intercostal muscle

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24
Q

arterial supply of the thoracic cavity

A

posterior intercostal arteries ( branch of descending aorta)
anterior intercostal arteries which are branches of internal thoracic artery.

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25
Q

venous drainage of the thoracic cavity

A

azygos ; hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos venous system and internal thoracic veins .

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26
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the thoracic wall

A

left side drains to the left subclavian vein
right side drains on the right subclavian vein
drainage of the axillary lymph node ; parasternal lymph node and abdominal lymph node

27
Q

dermatome of the thoracic wall

A

T10 level

28
Q

myotome of the thoracic region

A

T10

29
Q

peripheral attachments of the diaphragm

A

lumbar vertebrae
arcuate ligaments
xiphoid process of the sternum
costal cartilage of the ribs that is 7-12

30
Q

central insertion of the diaphragm

A

central tendon

31
Q

right extension of the central tendon

A

arises form L1 and L3
they also surround the oesophageal opening and help to prevent reflux of contents

32
Q

left crus

A

arises from L1 to the L2 and their intervertebral discs

33
Q

action of diaphragm

A

contraction of the diaphragm the volume of the thoracic cavity increases
diaphragm relaxes thoracic volume decreases.

34
Q

openings of the diaphragm

A

T8 the caval opening which is a passage of the central tendon of the diaphragm ,
; T10 oesophageal hiatus together with the vagus nerve ;
T12 aortic hiatus between the left and the right crus.

35
Q

aortic hiatus

A

It transmits the aorta, the azygos vein, the hemiazygos vein, and the thoracic duct.
located at the level T12

36
Q

motor innervation of the diaphragm muscle

A

innervated by the phrenic nerve
nerve roots that is the anterior rami of both the C3 , C4, C5
responsible for the motor functions of the diaphragm

37
Q

sensory innervation of the diaphragm

A

central region is innervated by the phrenic nerve
the peripheral region is innervated by the intercostal nerves that is T7 to T12

38
Q

Apertures of the thoracic cavity

A

the superior aperture has the largest diameter during inspiration
the inferior aperture has the largest diameter during inspiration

39
Q

upper respiratory tract

A

anything above the larynx ; that is the nose and pharynx

40
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

trachea , bronchi , bronchioles

41
Q

basic structure of the lung

A

alveoli

42
Q

respiratory portion

A

gaseous exchange takes place here

43
Q

muscles involved in forceful inspiration

A

diaphragm
internal intercostal muscles
external intercostal muscles

44
Q

muscles involved in expiration

A

passive process

45
Q

right lung

A

3 lobes

46
Q

left lung

A

2 lobes

47
Q

location of the horizontal fissure

A

4th rib

48
Q

costal surface

A

surface that faces the ribs
convex

49
Q

diaphragmatic surface

A

concave

50
Q

mediastinal surface

A

concave to accommodate the heart

51
Q

root vs hila

A

root has the vessels and the bronchi
hilum is the region that the root is located in

52
Q

mediastinal surface of the lung

A

the heart
the groove that holds the aorta and the esophagus with the esophagus being most lateral
superior-lateral there is left subclavian artery
superior -medial there is the left brachiocephalic vein

53
Q

mediastinal surface of the right lung

A

right atrium of the heart
superior - lateral subclavian vein
superior - medial subclavian artery
inferior vena cava on the groove
superior vena cava
esophagus
right subclavian artery and vein arch over and are related to superior lobe of the the right lung as they pass over the dome of cervical pleura and axilla.

54
Q

right lung segments

A

a palm seed makes another palm seed

55
Q

number of segments in the lungs

A

10 pulmonary segments

56
Q

blood supply of the lung

A

bronchial arteries
bronchial veins
lymphatic drainage
autonomic innervation

57
Q

bronchial arteries

A

descending thoracic aorta ( 2 left )
posterior intercostal artery (1 right)

58
Q

bronchial veins

A

azygous
accessory hemizygous system

59
Q

lymphatic drainage of the lungs

A

Pulmonary LN, Bronchopulmonary LN, tracheobronchial LN, broncho-mediastinal LN, broncho-mediastinal lymph trunk.

60
Q

autonomic innervation

A

pulmonary plexus
Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve (motor to bronchial muscle, secretomotor to mucous glands, vasodilator)
Sympathetic :T2-T5 (inhibitory to bronchial smooth muscles-bronchodilator, motor to blood vessel smooth muscle)

61
Q

parietal pleura nerve supply

A

somatic nerve ( intercostal nerves , phrenic nerves )

62
Q

visceral pleura nerve supply

A

autonomic nerves

63
Q
A

fom (19 decks)

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