RESTIRCTIVE DISEASES

Question 1

WHAT IS RESTRICTION

Answer 1

decrease in lung compliance that is caused by changes in the alveoli ; that is the decrease in the ability of the alveoli to expand

Question 2

spirometry value of restriction

Answer 2

forced vital capacity of less than 80 of normal

Question 3

causes of restriction

Answer 3

lung pathophysiology
e heart diseases

Question 4

interstitial lung diseases

Answer 4

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 5

pleural causes of restrictive lung diseases

Answer 5

pleural effusion
pneumothorax
pleural thickening

Question 6

skeletal causes of restrictive diseases

Answer 6

kyphoscoliosis
ankylosing spondylitis
thoracoplasty
rib fractures

Question 7

muscle causes of lung restriction

Answer 7

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 8

sub-diaphragmatic causes of restrictive disease

Answer 8

obesity
pregnancy

Question 9

interstitium

Answer 9

space between the alveolar wall and the capillary wall

Question 10

what is sarcoidosis

Answer 10

multisystem development of granulomas on the various organs of the body .

Question 11

signs of sarcoidosis

Answer 11

there is red eyes
patches on the skin that appear as lesions etc .

Question 12

prevalence of sarcoidosis

Answer 12

present in young people people under the age of 40 mostly
women are more likely to get sarcoidosis than women
there is a worldwide spread of sarcoidosis

Question 13

diagnosis of sarcoidosis

Answer 13

history and examination of the lungs
chest x ray to look at the scars at the lungs

Question 14

investigation of sarcoidosis

Answer 14

pulmonary function tests
bloods
urinalysis
ECG
TB skin test
eye exam

Question 14

further assessments to ascertain sarcoidosis

Answer 14

bronchoscopy including transbronchial biopsies
endobronchial ultrasound

Question 15

surgical biopsies to investigate sarcoidosis

Answer 15

mediastinoscopy
video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy

Question 16

does CXR AFFECT PROGNOSIS OF SARCOIDOSIS

Answer 16

sarcoidosis is reduced when there

Question 17

treatment of sarcoidosis when there is mild disease and no symptoms

Answer 17

there is no treatment

Question 18

treatment for erythema nodosum

Answer 18

nsaids

Question 19

treatment of skin lesions /cough and anterior uveitis

Answer 19

topical steroids

Question 20

treatment of cardiac , neurological , eye disease thatis not responding to topical steroids

Answer 20

systemic steroids

Question 21

pulmonary conditions associated with sarcoidosis

Answer 21

aspergilloma which causes bronchiectasis and causes haemoptysis
there could also be a pneumthorax

Question 22

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 22

this is the formation of collagen on the interstitium

Question 23

presentation of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 23

clubbing
crackles as heard on the stethoscope
failed for liver infection test

Question 24

medical options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 24

oral anti - fibrotics
palliative care
pirfenidone

Question 25

surgical management of ipf

Answer 25

lung transplant

Question 26

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 26

pneumonia that results from bird feathers and the faeces that is due to the presence of chlamydia psittaci