RESTIRCTIVE DISEASES Flashcards
WHAT IS RESTRICTION
decrease in lung compliance that is caused by changes in the alveoli ; that is the decrease in the ability of the alveoli to expand
spirometry value of restriction
forced vital capacity of less than 80 of normal
causes of restriction
lung pathophysiology
e heart diseases
interstitial lung diseases
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
pleural causes of restrictive lung diseases
pleural effusion
pneumothorax
pleural thickening
skeletal causes of restrictive diseases
kyphoscoliosis
ankylosing spondylitis
thoracoplasty
rib fractures
muscle causes of lung restriction
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
sub-diaphragmatic causes of restrictive disease
obesity
pregnancy
interstitium
space between the alveolar wall and the capillary wall
what is sarcoidosis
multisystem development of granulomas on the various organs of the body .
signs of sarcoidosis
there is red eyes
patches on the skin that appear as lesions etc .
prevalence of sarcoidosis
present in young people people under the age of 40 mostly
women are more likely to get sarcoidosis than women
there is a worldwide spread of sarcoidosis
diagnosis of sarcoidosis
history and examination of the lungs
chest x ray to look at the scars at the lungs
investigation of sarcoidosis
pulmonary function tests
bloods
urinalysis
ECG
TB skin test
eye exam
further assessments to ascertain sarcoidosis
bronchoscopy including transbronchial biopsies
endobronchial ultrasound
surgical biopsies to investigate sarcoidosis
mediastinoscopy
video assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy
does CXR AFFECT PROGNOSIS OF SARCOIDOSIS
sarcoidosis is reduced when there
treatment of sarcoidosis when there is mild disease and no symptoms
there is no treatment
treatment for erythema nodosum
nsaids
treatment of skin lesions /cough and anterior uveitis
topical steroids
treatment of cardiac , neurological , eye disease thatis not responding to topical steroids
systemic steroids
pulmonary conditions associated with sarcoidosis
aspergilloma which causes bronchiectasis and causes haemoptysis
there could also be a pneumthorax
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
this is the formation of collagen on the interstitium
presentation of pulmonary fibrosis
clubbing
crackles as heard on the stethoscope
failed for liver infection test
medical options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
oral anti - fibrotics
palliative care
pirfenidone
surgical management of ipf
lung transplant
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
pneumonia that results from bird feathers and the faeces that is due to the presence of chlamydia psittaci
